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EDU3106 Notes

Programs carried out by the MOE to overcome inequality of education among students.

Supplementary Food Planning (RMT)

Financial Aid for Students from Poor Family (KWAMP)

Providing Hostel Food

Providing Transport for Students

Life jacket

Monthly Allowance for Disabled Students

Textbook Borrowing Scheme

Tuition Voucher Scheme

Factors that cause inequality of education opportunity among pupils in rural and urban areas.

Lack of experienced teachers

Slow development in rural areas

Physical and socio cultural environment not conducive in rural areas

Internet access in rural and urban areas is different so as the teachers’ ICT skills

Methods or strategies used by teachers in the classroom

Socioeconomic difference

What have the government done to solve the problem of inequality in education?

Free education for all Malaysians

Standardize the curriculum

Opportunities are given to all regardless their family background

Mother tongue to be used- in SJK

Standardized School System

Give aid to school

Ensure the workforce is sufficient in all schools

How teachers deal with socio cultural diversity?

Equip themselves with sufficient knowledge towards different ethnics

Sensitive with the habits or norms of certain ethnic and share them with students

Ensure the classroom setting brings positive images of different ethnics

Make decision wisely and spend wisely whenever purchasing teaching aids

Constructing Cultural Friendly Classroom

Managing physical environment

Managing socio emotion environment

Relationship among ethnic groups

Ways which are suitable to apply in a combined class.

Student centered teaching

Carry out group activities

Encourage discussion among students

Collaborative method

Cooperative method

Why a combined class is needed?

Lack of teachers

Insufficient number of students, less than 10

Students from the same year or level

Main features of a combined class.

Only appear in primary schools

Students are from different year and age

Less than 10 students

Types of languages that will affect the effectiveness of communication among teachers and

students.

Normal Terminology

Academic Terminology

Literacy / Creative Terminology

Sports Terminology / Science Terminology

Composition Terminology

Advertisement / Business Terminology

Mass Media Terminology

Law Terminology

Finance Terminology

List out 4 ways of non-verbal communication

Eye contact

Hand movement / Gestures

Facial expression

Body language

Classroom Communication: Problems faced, Resolution & Implication.

Classroom Communication: Problems faced, Resolution & Implication.

Problems Resolution Implication

Lack of preparation Always be prepared. Pupils will be able to get the message clearly so that objective can be achieved.

Noisy classroom Make sure that the classroom is quiet enough to carry out a lesson.

Pupils will be able to convey messages clearly.

Critics Avoid criticizing pupils. Pupils become more confident.

Labeling pupils Avoid giving negative comments on pupils.

Help to boost pupils’ self esteem.

Give instructions Encourage classroom discussion. Pupils feel involved in classroom

activities.

Discuss the implications when a teacher fails to communicate effectively

Pupils do not get the message clearly.

Objectives are not achieved.

Pupils fail to follow teacher’s instructions as they could not hear clearly.

Poor classroom management.

List out why an action research is important to promote a culture friendly environment in

schools.

Using student centered approach.

To encourage pupils to be culture friendly.

Select and adapt content of a lesson / teaching aids.

Professionally prepared – equip oneself pedagogically and aware of issues in teaching

List out plans that have been carried out by the Ministry of Education to enhance the quality

in education among native.

School fees

Co-curriculum

Monthly assessment paper

Annual sports day

Activities of Islamic and Moral Education

School aid

Stationery, exercise books and workbooks

School uniforms

Basic necessities (for pupils staying in hostel)

Transport fares

Supplementary food for pupils in rural areas.

The importance of Multiculture

To understand other culture

To interact with other races

To know other cultures

To embed respect to other cultures and beliefs

To avoid prejudice

What Malaysian can do to achieve 1Malaysia

Kelab Rukun Negara

RIMUP

Optimizing BM in multiracial classroom

Create good relationship among students

Involves all races

Change prejudice attitude

Create love and respect among multi racial pupils

How to analyze Social Structure

Social Class - based on economy - the rich vs the poor

Sosial Strafication - based on race/caste, education, wealth and age

Social differences - Race, family, religion

Why Social Structure can be found in Malaysia?

Geographical and demographical influence

Political disturbances

Changes in the nation economy

Social mobility in the community

Urbanizatian and modernizationa

Beliefs and culture - Caste

Education oppurtinity

Community prespective to other individus / groups

Factors that influence inequality in education

Sosial Class

Gender

Minority Groups

Special Requirement Group

Teachers role in choosing appropriate reading materials in Culture Relevant Pedagogy

Materials must be related to students experience

Avoid sensitive issues

Suits students culture

Materials must induce students to read

Culture:

Can be learned

Can be shared

Is inherited

Universal

Always changing

Has symbolic characteristics

Community:

Grouped

Has culture

Evolving

Interacts with others

Has social classes

Traditional Malay classes

Sultan

Royalties

Dignitaries

Civilians

Malay Taboos:

Do not sit on pillows

Do not sew at dusk

A girl must not whistle / sings in the kitchen

Chinese Taboos:

Do not sweep on CNY eve

Do not wear colourful clothing during deaths

Do not wear white. blue / black during CNY

Indian Taboos:

Do not whistle at night

Newlyweds must be vegetarians for first 3 days

Always clean the feet before entering the house

Common taboos:

Finish the rice to avoid it cries

Never pee on an anthill

Do not point the fingers to rainbows

Vision school:

To unite multiracial students

Cost saving on infras

To inculcate coorperation / tolerence

To inculcate multiracial discussions

To induce patriotisme

To create good competitions

The Ambigous Curiculum (Tersirat)

Covers all learning experience

Learning outcomes that are relative and cannot be measured quantitatively

Covers values that are built within the curiculum

Varies according to location, surrounding and backgrounds

Not written down but exists

Differs in categories based on the institue, learning levels and objectives

Implication of The Ambigous Curiculum

Build a unified race

Acceptence between cultures

Create tolerence

Inculcates cultural values

Develops unifying acts through cocuricular

Create healthy competitions

Approaches in multiracial classroom

Coorperative

Collaborative

Mediative

Directive

Future Studies

Generative

Contextual

Metacognitive

Ways to avoid single race monopoly in a classroom

Democratic and fair

Use varied materials from different cultures

Seating arrangement

T&L preparation - give ample oppurtunities to interact

Inculcate positive attitude

Non-Verbal Communication in a Learning Environment

Eye Contact

Hand movement

Smiles

Facial expression

Subtle body movement

Give positive responses during interactions

Implication to teacher's failure in communication in a classroom

Students do not get the right messages

Uaable to achieve the learning objectives

Students won't be able to hear clearly

Loss of interests

Demotivates the students

Will create disciplinary issues

Culture:

Language and the traditional ways that are the heritage of a social group

The reason to rely on each other:

Self persevation

Ethnic:

Practicing the same customs

Race:

Physical and biological simillarities like eyes and skin colurs

The Malaysian Race

Practices the same value and culture

Implication to sosio-culture:

Teacher , Students, and school.

Inclusice program:

Special needs children in normal classes