@.edu.. Kathryn Silliman, Kathleen Rodas-Fortier, Michelle Neyman. A Survey of Dietary and Exercise Habits and Perceived Barriers to Following a

@ .edu.

Content

• 1. Literature review• 2. Hypothesis generation• 3. Hypothesis Testing• 4. Suggestion formulation• 5. Final suggestions

1. Literature review

USA

Daily fruit intake (Serving) (471 college students)

Kathryn Silliman, Kathleen Rodas-Fortier, Michelle Neyman. A Survey of Dietary and Exercise Habits and Perceived Barriers to Following a Healthy Lifestyle in a College Population . Californian Journal of Health Promotion 2004;2:10-19 .

≦ 1 / week 2-6 / week 1 / day 2-3 / day ≧ 4 /day0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%

19%

39%

14%

25%

3%

35% 36%

16%

11%

2%

Female Male

Enough Male: 87%Female: 72%

UK

With family Alone With othersUni. Hostel Overall 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

69% 68%62% 66% 65%

Eat fruit at least 2 times a week(3,412 college students)

Devine P, Lloyd K , Gray AM, Northern Ireland Social and Political Archive (ARK). University Student Food Attitudes and Behaviour Survey. http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/nistudentsurvey2005.pdf Accessed on 17th Oct 2009.

EnoughAt least 35% eating not enough

http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/nistudentsurvey2005.pdf

With family Alone With othersUni. Hostel Overall 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

69% 68%62% 66% 65%

Eat fruit at least 2 times a week(3,412 college students)

Devine P, Lloyd K , Gray AM, Northern Ireland Social and Political Archive (ARK). University Student Food Attitudes and Behaviour Survey. http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/nistudentsurvey2005.pdf Accessed on 17th Oct 2009.

Big Difference

http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/nistudentsurvey2005.pdf

Greece

Mean weekly fruit consumption (serving) (84 college students)

Live at home Live away from Home012345678

Before Uni. After Uni

Angeliki Papadaki, George Hondros, Jane A. Scott, Maria Kapsokefalou. Eating habits of University students living at, or away from home in Greece. Appetite 2007;491:169–176.

EnoughBoth groups not eating enough

Mean weekly fruit consumption (serving) (84 college students)

Live at home Live away from Home012345678

Before Uni. After Uni

Angeliki Papadaki, George Hondros, Jane A. Scott, Maria Kapsokefalou. Eating habits of University students living at, or away from home in Greece. Appetite 2007;491:169–176.

Eat more fruit !

China

How often students eat fruits? (540 college students)

Daily 3-4 times/week 1-2 times/week Rarely0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

32%

17%

27%24%

Ruka Sakamaki, Kenji Toyama, Rie Amamoto, Chuan-Jun Liu, Naotaka Shinfuku. Nutritional knowledge, food habits and health attitude of Chinese university students –a cross sectional study. Nutrition Journal 2005;4: doi:10.1186/1475-2891-4-4.

Enough

68% may not eating enough

Summary of Literature review

• 1. Eating enough fruit

Summary of Literature review

• 2. May have difference

Family Hostel

2. Hypothesis

CUHK students enough fruit

Definition1. “University students”

2. “Eating enough”

3. “Fruit”

4. “Hostel-living students”

5. “Non-hostel-living students”

3. Hypothesis Testing(187 CUHK students)

• Study design


August •Design of Pre-Test Questionnaire

Early September •Distribution of Pre-test Questionnaire•Analysis of Pre-Test Questionnaire

Mid September •Design of Questionnaire (based on Pre-Test Questionnaire)•Distribution of Questionnaire

Late September •Distribution of Questionnaire

October •Analysis of Questionnaire Result

Data Collection1. What to collect

2. When to collect: Sep 2009 to Oct 2009

3. Where to collect: CUHK campus

4. Whom to ask: 10,999 under grad


Sample size calculation

Margin of error: 7.5%

Confidence level: 95%

Population size: 10,999

Response distribution is 50%

Calculated sample size is 165.


Modified Random Sampling• Different times• Different places• Different occasions• Samples randomly selected from crowd


Outcome Measurement (OM)• 1o OM: mean fruit intake per day. • 2o OM: mean value assigned to each

encouraging factor. • 3o OM: acceptability of price of fruit

selling.


Questionnaire Design • current fruit intake habit of students • fruit selling suggestions • questions to test interviewees’ knowledge• demographic data

Pre-test • 40 sample


Statistic Analysis• SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) • Categorical variables: %• Continuous variables: mean +/-SD • 2-sided• p-value=0.05 • 2 independent groups of continuous variables normally

distributed data : T-test• 2 independent groups of continuous variables skewed

distributed data: Wilcoxon Rank Sum test• > 2 groups of independent data normally distributed

data: ANOVA • > 2 groups of independent data normally skewed data:

nonparametric ANOVA• Discrete data: Chi-square test


• Percentage distribution of gender

• Percentage distribution of College


Leung HB, Leung TL ,Mak WC, Yu CY. Fruit intake habit of Hong Kong university students Final Year Project Survey . Presented on 23rd Oct 2009 at CUHK.

Fruit Survey Result

• Percentage distribution of Year

• Percentage distribution of faculties


Fruit Survey Result

• Percentage distribution between hostel-living and non-hostel-living students

• Percentage distribution between family income (HK dollar per month)



Fruit Survey Result

Statistic to the question “How many servings of fruit so you take every day?” Divided by options:



Fruit Survey Result

Statistic to the question “Please “” box(es) that best describes the TIME you

eat the fruit How many servings of fruit so you take every day?”



Fruit Survey Result

Statistic to the question “Please “” the box(es) that indicate the fruit you have been eating last week”



Fruit Survey Result

Statistic to the question “Please “” the box that best describes your HABIT in eating the fruit with peel (skin), provided that the peel can be eaten like apple, grape”



Fruit Survey Result

Mean value of each factors (0 being less important and 4 being most important) for hostel living students



Fruit Survey Result

Acceptance of different selling price and preparation



Fruit Survey Result


Enough

Overall Hostel Non-hostel 1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.241.16

1.34

No. fruit serving / day (mean)

Hypothesis seems correct !

Interpretation of Result

Overall Hostel Non-hostel 1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.241.16

1.34


No. fruit serving / day (mean)

Hostel-living students eat less fruit !


Interpretation of Result

4. Suggestion formation

Target : Hostel student fruit intake


Selling priceEncouraging

factors


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

1.782.04 2.06

1.9

0.700000000000001

1.291.12

1.31

1.63

Encouraging factors (Hostel student mean)


TOP 4 factors Easy to buy !!!


$3/whole fruit $5/juice $3/frui box $1/fruit string0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%82% 79%

65%

78%


Willingness to buy (Hostel student)

$3/whole fruit Most well accepted !

5. Final suggestions

1. Selling or in hostel

Only for $5!!!

FRESH FRUIT JUICE SELLING

Date: 15/10/09 (Thursday) Time: 10:00pm to 12:00amVenue: 8/F Tuck-shop

Doesn’t it make you

thirsty just looking at

it?

Setting

Problem (1)

Solution 1:

Solution 2:

Problem (2)

Solution: one type a day

Students’ responses (1)

Watermelon Apple + Pear Apple + Banana

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

No

. o

f c

up

s

Total: 30 cups

Fresh fruit juice Soft drinks0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

30

8

No

. o

f c

up

s/c

an

s s

old



Positive responses

5. Final suggestions

2. and

Amy Richards Kendrak. Kattelmann, Cuirong Ren. Motivating 18- to 24-Year-Olds to Increase TheirFruit and Vegetable Consumption. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006;106:1405-1411.

Fruit and vegetable servings/day(437 college students)

Control Intervention0

1

2

3

4Before After

Intervention 1 serving/day!

3. Foreign Experience

Q & A

Thank you

Documents

@.edu.. Kathryn Silliman, Kathleen Rodas-Fortier, Michelle Neyman. A Survey of Dietary and Exercise Habits and Perceived Barriers to Following a