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Andean Past
Volume 12 Article 3
2016
Editor's Preface Andean Past 12Monica BarnesAmerican Museum of Natural History, [email protected]
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Recommended CitationBarnes, Monica (2016) "Editor's Preface Andean Past 12," Andean Past: Vol. 12 , Article 3.Available at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/andean_past/vol12/iss1/3
EDITOR’S PREFACE
ANDEAN PAST 12
My fellow editors Daniel H. Sandweiss andRuth Anne Phillips, and Andean Past editorialboard members Richard L. Burger, Thomas F.Lynch, Michael E. Moseley, and James B. Rich-ardson III join me in presenting the twelfthvolume of our series, Andean Past. This Prefacesummarizes the contents of that volume andannounces our present and future initiatives.
Richard L. Burger has contributed toAndean Past from its outset. Along with ThomasF. Lynch, and the late Craig Morris, he is one ofour original editorial board members. Burger andLynch collaborated on an obituary of Gary S.Vescelius for Andean Past 1. In Andean Past 2Burger, with nuclear chemists Frank Asaro andHelen V. Michel, reported on an aspect of theirstudies of the provenience of prehispanic obsid-ian artifacts from the Central Andes, begun in1974 at the Ernest Orlando Lawrence BerkeleyNational Laboratory. They have continued topublish the results of their work within the pagesof Andean Past and elsewhere. In Andean Past 2they identified the sources of obsidian for arti-facts found in Ecuador’s Chobschi Cave, exca-vated by Tom Lynch in 1972, and published byLynch in that volume. In Andean Past 5 Burger,Asaro, Paul Trawick, and Fred Stross revealedthat the source of a chemical type of obsidianused in making tools with a distribution cen-tered in the Cusco Region is an outcrop on thenorthern slope of the Cerro Santa Rosa, nearthe village of Alca in the northern portion ofArequipa Region. In the same issue Burger,Asaro, Guido Salas, and Stross also announcedthat the raw material for Titicaca Basin Typeobsidian artifacts came from the Chivay area ofPeru’s Collca Valley. Burger, Katharina J.Schreiber, Glascock, and José Ccencho wereable to match the previously identified PampasType obsidian to the Jampatilla source near thetown of Huaycahuacho in the Lucanas Province
of the Ayacucho Region. Sadly, Andean Past 5also included an obituary Burger wrote of hisstudent Heidy Fogel. Fogel died young, but,nevertheless, was already a leading expert on theGallinazo Culture of ancient Peru. In AP 6Burger and Michael D. Glascock announced theidentification of an obsidian source utilized fortools found in the Ayacucho Basin by theAyacucho-Huanta Archaeological-BotanicalProject lead by Richard S. MacNeish in the1970s. This is in the zone between Chupas andCerro Campanayocc, within the central Aya-cucho Basin. In Andean Past 8 Burger analyzeda collection of obsidian bifaces and flakes col-lected by Lawrence Dawson at the OcucajePhase 9 site of Animas Altas in the Ica Valley.AP 8 also contained Burger’s obituary of hismentor, John H. Rowe.
Here, in “Obsidian Procurement and Cos-mopolitanism at the Middle Horizon Settlementof Conchopata, Peru” Burger, Catherine M.Bencic, and Glascock reconstruct and interpret the obtaining of lithic raw material for Concho-pata, a very important Wari heartland site.Burger et al. base themselves on obsidian arti-facts recovered during the 1999-2003 excava-tions of the Conchopata Archaeological Project(CAP), directed by William H. Isbell, Anita G.Cook, José Ochatoma, and Martha CabreraRomero. Chemical analysis revealed thatConchopata residents obtained almost all theirobsidian from the Quispisisa source some eightykilometers away, even though the minor, butinferior, Ayacucho/Puzolana Source is nearby,and other sources exist in the central Andes.The authors consider the implications thispattern has for the concept of cosmopolitanismat Conchopata. They point out that cosmopoli-tanism “has been applied to the culture of thosesocieties in which groups with different historiesand values live side-by-side with each other
ANDEAN PAST 12 (2016):v-x.
ANDEAN PAST 12 (2016) - vi
despite their differences.” This concept, ofcourse, excludes any of the negative connota-tions the word “cosmopolitan” has accrued overthe years. Burger and his colleagues considerwhether Conchopata can be thought to be acosmopolitan center like other prehispanicurban settlements including Chavín de Huántar,Tiwanaku, Cusco, and Teotihuacan. They arguethat Tiffiny Tung’s strontium isotope and an-cient mtDNA studies, as well as their ownobsidian source analysis, fail to support thenotion of Conchopata as a cosmopolitan center.
In “Characteristics and Significance of TapiaWalls and the Mochica Presence at Santa Rosade Pucalá in the Mid-Lambayeque Valley” Edgar Bracamonte describes and analyses wallsmade of a material (sometimes called “rammedearth” in English) that he uncovered during hisexcavation of a Mochica site. The walls arefound incorporated into a ceremonial structure.Both adobe and tapia were used at Santa Rosa,and Bracamonte postulates that they may havebeen employed by different elites. He reviewsMoche architecture in the Lambayeque and LaLeche Valleys and describes Santa Rosa asrevealed by his excavations.
The effects that state expansion has uponthe health of its citizens is much in the newstoday. Sara L. Juengst and Maeve Skidmoreshow that even an ancient polity can impactindividual and population well-being. In “Healthat the Edge of the Wari Empire: An Analysis ofSkeletal Remains from Hatun Cotuyoc, Huaro,Peru”, they look at the impact of Wari expan-sion on a colony in the Huaro Valley of theCusco Region. Under the suzerainty of Wari, theagriculturalists and possible members of thelower ranks of the elite who occupied this sitesuffered adverse effects both on their dentalhealth and in terms of infectious disease andchildhood mortality.
Examination of prehispanic populations contin-ues with “Demographic Analysis of a LootedLate Intermediate Period Tomb, Chincha Val-ley, Peru” by Camille Weinberg, Benjamin T.Nigra, Maria Cecilia Lozada, Charles Stanish,Henry Tantaleán, Jacob Bongers, and TerrahJones. They present results obtained during theongoing Programa Arqueológico Chincha. Inthe narrow valley neck, just below the pointwhere the San Juan River bifurcates, they en-countered over five hundred tombs associatedwith the Chincha kingdom. Although looted,Weinberg and colleagues were able to conductbasic demographic tests on the occupants of oneof these tombs. The tomb population exhibitshigh juvenile mortality.
Andean Past 12 includes six Research Re-ports, four on the archaeology of Peru, one onthat of Chile, and one on that of Argentina. ForPeru, David Chicoine, Beverly Clement, andKyle Stich present the “Macrobotanical Re-mains from the 2009 Season at Caylán: Prelimi-nary Insights into Early Horizon Plant Use in theNepeña Valley, North-Central Coast of Peru”.This follows an earlier report by Chicoine andCarol Rojas on environmental remains in Ne-peña, “Marine Exploitation and Paleo-environment as Viewed through MolluscanResources at the Early Horizon Center of Huam-bacho, Nepeña Valley, Coastal Ancash” pub-lished in Andean Past 10.
Catherine M. Bencic provides a researchreport that amplifies her article in this volumeco-written with Richard Burger and MichaelGlascock. In “Obsidian Technology at the WariSite of Conchopata in Ayacucho, Peru” Bencicpresents results from the Conchopata Archaeo-logical Project which took place from 1999 to2003. She analyzed lithic materials from all areasexcavated by the CAP, demonstrating thatobsidian biface production did not occur inexcavated areas, and that there is no evidence oflithic workshops in the architectural core.
vii - Editor’s Preface
Alejandro Chu reports on his 2013 excava-tions at Incahuasi, an Inca site in Peru’s CañeteValley. Incahuasi has been studied by the lateJohn Hyslop, among others, but Chu and histeam are the first to excavate there. They dis-cuss their excavation tactics and reveal theirfinds, including an ushnu in the main plaza, asort of checkerboard in the floor of that plaza,similar to the one they report in Latin AmericanAntiquity (2015), and a post-Inca occupation ofthe site.
In this volume I (Monica Barnes) discuss“Luis Barreda Murillo’s excavations at HuánucoPampa, 1965”. This continues my reporting onarchaeological work done at that Inca site in themid-1960s under the auspices of John VictorMurra. As part of Murra’s project, Barredaexcavated major portions of the monumentalportion of Huánuco Pampa including areasaround the portals to the east of the ushnu plaza,the ritual bath, and the so-called, “UnfinishedTemple”. In Andean Past 10 Catherine Gaither,Robert A. Benfer, Jr., the late Daniel E. Shea,and I describe and analyze a colonial humanburial found near one of the portals and exca-vated by Shea when he was working on hismaster’s degree under Murra’s aegis. In AndeanPast 11 I reported on John L. Cotter’s briefarchaeological research in Huánuco as part ofMurra’s team.
Simón Urbina, Leonor Adán, ConstanzaPellegrino, and Estefanía Vidal write about“Early Village Formation in Desert Areas ofTarapacá, Northern Chile (Eleventh CenturyB.C.–Thirteenth Century A.D.)”. This report,based upon the recovery and recording of settle-ment architecture, and its analysis from a Marx-ist perspective, follows on from the report on thearchitecture of Chile’s northern desert thatUrbina and his colleagues published in AndeanPast 10. They postulate two different kinshipand social structures as evinced by two separatesettlement patterns, villages whose buildings
have circular ground plans and those withrectangular ground plans. In both cases familiesremained scattered for most of the year, follow-ing a pattern of seasonal mobility, but theygathered at large sites for festive and ceremonialpurposes. At these communal celebrations they institutionalized their lineage ties.
Alina Álvarez Larrain reports on her recentfield-work at “Don Mateo-El Cerro, a NewlyRediscovered Late Period Settlement in Yocavil(Catamarca, Argentina)”. This is the first timethat Álvarez Larrain has published in AndeanPast and we welcome her to our circle of au-thors. As part of her archeological surveyÁlvarez rediscovered Don Mateo, a Late Periodhilltop settlement, that she believes correspondsto the site of El Cerro, published without exactcoordinates, in 1960.
Andean Past 12 contains two obituaries ofwell-known and well-liked colleagues. The firstis of Donald Frederick Solá and is written byme, from my perspective as one of his students.Don’s research centered on Quechua linguistics, language acquisition, government languagepolicy and planing, and bilingualism. He taughtQuechua at Cornell for many years and alsodeveloped teaching materials in Quechua,Spanish, French, Portuguese, and English thatare used by many other teachers and theirstudents.
We also honor Paulina MercedesLedergerber-Crespo with a tribute written byher Smithsonian Institution colleague A. JorgeArellano-López. Paulina dedicated her profes-sional life to Ecuadorian archaeology as JorgeArrelano explains.
In this volume we begin a new section,“Death Notices”. These are intended to markthe passing of colleagues in a format shorterthan that of our full obituaries. In Andean Past12 we include memorials of people who have
ANDEAN PAST 12 (2016) - viii
died since 1 January 2014. Here we write aboutRobert Ascher, author, along with his belovedwife Marcia, of Code of the Quipu, a path-break-ing book. For many years Bob was a vivid pres-ence in the Cornell University AnthropologyDepartment. We also note the life of BerndLambert, another Cornell professor emeritus.Although Bernd was primarily an Oceanist, hemade an important contribution to AndeanStudies with his article, “Bilaterality in theAndes” in Andean Kinship and Marriage, editedby Cornell graduates Ralph Bolton and EnriqueMayer and published by the American Anthro-pological Association in 1977. Daniel W. Gadewas a geographer with wide-ranging interests.He made significant contributions to our under-standing of Andean cultures. In particular hefocused on human interactions with theenvironment. George Bankes was known for hisstudies of both Moche and twentieth centuryPeruvian North Coast pottery. As Keeper ofEthnography, first at the Brighton Museum andthen at the Manchester Museum (both in theUnited Kingdom), George made solid contribu-tions to museology.
From the very first issue of Andean Past wehave published the developing work of RichardE. Daggett on Julio C. Tello, one of the found-ing fathers of Peruvian archaeology. During hislifetime Tello published frequently in the popu-lar press of his country. Daggett has beenexamining Tello’s work by gathering thesearticles, which appeared largely, but not ex-clusively, in Lima’s El Comercio. By doing this,he is able to recover “lost” aspects of Tello’sfundamental work. Daggett credits the editors ofAndean Past as one of his sources of encourage-ment. In turn we can state that Daggett hashelped shape the development of this journal.
Latin American periodicals, especially news-paper Sunday supplements, have long beenimportant outlets for intellectual exchange inmany fields, including archaeology, anthropol-
ogy, literature, art, history, popular science, andpolitics. I learned this from the late Argentinianphilosopher Juan Adolfo Vásquez. In his im-portant book, The Inka Road System, JohnHyslop made good use of the illustrated articleson sites that Geraldine Byrne de Caballeropublished in Bolivian papers. However, oldSouth American newspaper articles are oftendifficult to find, and Daggett has done Andeanarchaeology a good service by locating, summa-rizing, and analyzing as many of Tello’s as possi-ble.
Andean Past 1 included Daggett’s “Recon-structing the Evidence for Cerro Blanco andPunkurí” with transcriptions of articles from ElComercio relevant to those sites.1 In Andean Past4 we published Daggett’s “The Paracas MummyBundles of the Great Necropolis of Wari Kayan:A History” along with a relevant El Comercioarticle by Rebeca Carrión Cachot de Girard.Andean Past 8 contains another of Daggett’scontributions, “Tello’s ‘Lost Years’ 1931-1935”,as well as an additional piece relevant to Julio C.Tello, the “Introduction” to Gordon R. Willey’s“Experiences with the Institute of AndeanResearch 1941-42 and 1946”.
Although we have published articles as longas ninety-seven pages, we have never beforepublished a monograph. However, Dick Dag-gett’s work has expanded, and print-on-demandhas increased the viability of the monographpublication form. Therefore, in 2016 we willlaunch the first of what we hope will become aseries, Andean Past Monographs. Given hishistory of publication in our journal, we think itespecially appropriate that this new endeavorbegins with Daggett’s Julio C. Tello, Politics, andPeruvian Archaeology (1930-1936). Andean PastMonographs will be distributed by the Depart-
1 Punkurí has also been discussed in the pages of AndeanPast by Henning Bischof (AP 4) and by Víctor FalcónHuayta (AP 9).
ix - Editor’s Preface
ment of Anthropology, University of Maine,Orono, the publisher of Andean Past, digitallyvia Creative Commons and as print-on-demand.Readers who are interested in submitting workfor inclusion in this series are invited to contactthe editors.
From Volume 12 forward Andean Past willhave a new publisher, the Department ofAnthropology of the University of Maine,Orono. From the initial volume of Andean Past,(1987), our journal was been published by theCornell University Latin American StudiesProgram. Cornell LASP also published threevolumes of papers from the first three NortheastConferences on Andean Archaeology andEthnohistory, Investigations of the Andean Past(1983), edited by my fellow editor Daniel H.Sandweiss; Recent Studies in Andean Prehistoryand Protohistory (1985) edited by D. PeterKvietok and Sandweiss; and Perspectives onAndean Prehistory and Protohistory edited bySandweiss and Kvietok. However, administra-tive and staffing changes have made it impossi-ble for Cornell LASP to continue its academicsponsorship. Fortunately, the University ofMaine is able to assume this role. We thankGregory Zaro, Chair of the Department ofAnthropology, for his role in facilitating thistransition which as been a very quick andsmooth one. We would like to take this opportu-nity to thank all those directors and staff mem-bers of Cornell LASP who have supported ourpublication projects over more than three de-cades. Most recently this has included formerdirector Timothy J. DeVoogt, current directorGustavo A. Flores-Macias, and administrativeassistant Rebecca M. DeRoller.
With Andean Past 12 we are also makingthe transition to digital publication. All issues ofAndean Past will be available free of charge toauthors and editors on the University of Maine Digital Commons. Volumes 1-11 and the papersfrom the Northeast Conference are posted on
Digital Commons with the kind permission ofthe Cornell Latin American Studies Program. As each volume is published authors will be freeimmediately to republish or otherwise distribute their work in print, or on the Internet, in theoriginal, or in translation provided that priorpublication in Andean Past is acknowledged.
Increasingly, funding is tied to a commit-ment to make research results freely accessibleto all within a relatively short period of time.Although practices are evolving, essentiallythere are two routes to public access. The first isthe “gold route”. This path requires scholars (ortheir institutions) to pay a publisher in exchangefor posting an article on-line. At Andean Past wenow follow the second route, the “green” route.That is, we do not charge authors fees inexchange for on-line publication and we do notcharge readers for on-line access.
Every volume of Andean Past incorporatesthe work of many people. In addition to thosenamed as authors, editors, and editorial boardmembers, I would like to thank Tom Dillehay,David Fleming, Doris Kurella, Markus Reindel,and Karen Stothert for their good advice duringthe preparation of this volume. I also thankthose reviewers and advisors who chose toremain anonymous.
Monica BarnesJersey City, New Jersey
1 June 2016
ANDEAN PAST 12 (2016) - x
“Now let’s see if Yuputki can walk the monkey without stepping outside the lines after drinking five keros of chicha.”
Editorial cartoon from El Pasado Absurdo by Grace Katterman and Alina Aparicio De La Riva(Turlock, California and Arequipa, Peru: The California Institute of Peruvian Studies, 2008).
