Bautista, Emmanuel D. IV- Newton

Lesson 1: EDITORIAL

- Editorial is the soul of the newspaper and it is an article which expresses the opinions of the newspapers and the

writers on a particular issue. It is a persuasive essay that offers solution to the topic or problem. It is one of the

most important parts that can be read from a newspaper.

- Its purpose may persuade, inform, influence, criticized, explain, argue, against to an idea or entertain the readers.

- A good editorial page shows entertainment, leadership, variety and interpretation of the daily events.

- Editorial also have introduction, body and conclusion just like a usual news story.

TYPES OF EDITORIAL

Argumentative/Critical. This type of editorial is usually used to explain the way the newspaper reported a

controversial issue. In writing an argumentative editorial, the editors needs to present clear and logical arguments,

and use well-researched facts for the supporting details.

E.g. SCIENCE NOT CONFLICT WITH RELIGION

Can science be reconciled with religion?

This was the argument discussed in the open forum during the science seminar-workshop held July 18 at the school social

hall in observance of National Science and Technology week.

This statement from the speech of Mr. Ernesto L. Damaso of the National Science Technology association who said that

only truth does not change.

Interpretative. This editorial clarifies and explains further information when the news report is not enough or

vague, this editorial will help readers improve their understanding with that event or issue.

E.g. A TALE OF HORROR: POPULATION EXPLOSION

Today the Philippines have a population of 80 million. At the present rate of growth, this small country would only be

most affected by the evil effect of population explosion.

This means that most of our high school students now, who would only be in their early 40′s or 50′s at that time, will be

the ones to be most affected by the evil effect of population explosion.

As of today our basic problems are food, water, housing, education, and pollution. Just imagined how these problems

would be aggravated by the 150 million mouths to feed, backs to clothe, heads to shelter, and minds to educate.

Also today the world has a population of four billions. These will double in 35 years’ time. The world population is

increasing at the rate of an additional 2,000 million every eight years.

In six and a half centuries from now, there would be one person standing on every square foot of land on earth. By that

time, men would be no more places for plants to grow.

The only way to avoid this situation would be through population planning. The first consequence can be seen in the faces

of hungry men. One half of humanity is hungry at this moment. There is less food per person on earth today than there

was30 years ago during the worldwide depression.

Political chaos is death through world wars, revolutions, aggressions, rebellions, and the like.

The third and the best remedy is population planning done through family planning. Family planning simply means the

planning of the size and spacing of one’s family by means of scientific knowledge and method.

Persuasive. Editorial that aims to convince, influence, or persuades. This editorial usually targets the answer for

the problem rather than the problem itself.

Appreciation/Tribute/Commendation. It is one of the uncommon types from the others. This editorial focuses not

on controversial issues but the significant achievement of the people, organizations, government, etc.

E.g. THE GRAND OLD MEN OF CEBU (Tribute)

September 9 marks the 106th birthday anniversary of a great man whose unmeasurable deeds can never fade but should

always live in the memory of every Filipino. The man was Don Sergio Osmena sr., the Grand old Man of Cebu.

In his lifetime, President Osmena was the light that illuminated our darkened trail during the first days of the liberation,

leading to our national enlightenment and freedom-the building of our Republic. It was he who continued the fight when

his predecessor, President Quezon, failed to return to his beloved people.

President Osmena, in spite of wealth and power, was one of the humblest government officials and President that our

country has ever had. As a man, he was real; as a friend, he was indispensable and true; as a leader, he was an example; as

a citizen, he was most patriotic; and as a personality, he was dynamic and virtuous.

All that he was is now a shadow, but that same shadow stands as a standard with which we can realize our present state of

being. Indeed, few are the men who live the life of Don Sergio Osmena. That our school was named after such a great yet

humble hero is something every Osmenan should be proud of.

Entertainment/ Human Interest. It is also uncommon type of editorial which is written to entertain. It is usually

short and brief and similar to light feature story.

E.g. The Ten W-O-R-S-T TV Characters of the Year!

It’s that time of the year again: time for insipid, arbitrary “best of” lists counting down things I liked in movies, TV, and books. Perhaps the most popular of these is my annual “Ten Best TV Characters” of the year, and I

promise that’s coming…next week. But, for now, why not take a look at the first-ever “Ten WORST TV Characters of the Year.”

Hey, we wouldn’t know how good we’ve got it with the best list if it weren’t for the bottom of the barrel. Worth noting: I excluded bad characters from bad shows (think Dads, or Real Housewives). I wanted to focus solely on

bad characters who are on otherwise good shows.Dishonorable Mention: Pretty Much Any Lead Character on Showtime…Showtime is supposed to be challenging HBO for premium cable dominance, but I’m not so sure how it can with title characters that are either repressed, unlikable bores (Ray Donovan, Masters of Sex), lead characters that are unbelievably shrill (Web Therapy), or just a more standard form of unlikable (House of Lies, Shameless). With Dexter, The Borgias, and The Big C

gone, plus Homeland struggling in season 3, I don’t see a corner being turned anytime soon.

PARTS OF AN EDITORIAL ARTICLE

INTRODUCTION- it is the introduction of the suggested topic, it should have a good lead so that the readers

would be attracted from the first by just reading the it, and writer must give a brief explanation about the issue so

that the readers would understand the flow of the article. This is also the part where you will make your stand.

BODY- from the introduction, it will need supporting details. The supporting details should base on the facts

gathered before creating the article. The editor supports the stand by citing proofs and testimonials.

CONCLUSION- the conclusion may be the summary of the article and it may leave an effective rhetorical

questions for the readers.

HOW TO WRITE AN EDITORIAL

1. Planning. Current controversial issues are the ones who are usually preferred. In writing editorial articles, the

editors should gather first the data so he can develop his topic fully.

2. Introduction of the subject matter. It may start from a statement related with the topic or background information

so that the readers will have the idea of what the topic is.

3. Make a stand. The editors express clearly their opinions and stand but should always remember that the article is

the opinion of the whole newspaper.

4. Provide concrete supporting details. This is where the facts and gathered information be held that will help

strengthen the stand of the article. Convince the readers that the editorial is correct by including the evidences and

proofs from the article.

5. Conclude the editorial by leaving intentionally a strong impression on the readers’ mind. Summary of the main

points is included in the conclusion and make readers think again the ideas presented even after reading the

article.

HOW TO TEST AN EDITORIAL

Listed below are the questions on how to test the effectiveness of an editorial article. A YES answers for all the

questions suggest that the article is effective, while a NO answer suggest points that need to have improvement.

Are the form and style appropriate to the content and purpose?

Does it have a purpose and does it accomplish the purpose?

Does it make the reader think?

Does it reflect writer’s originality and ingenuity?

Is the writing clear, vigorous, direct, and simple?

Is the diction (choice of words) exact, not ambiguous?

Does the editorial reflect clear, logical thinking?

Does the opening sentence attract or drive away readers?

Are the paragraphs comparatively short?

Is the editorial brief, pointed, and relevant to the readers?

Does it make its point without moralizing?

Does the message challenge and compel the reader to change his behavior and lead him to take a particular

action?

TIPS IN WRITING AN EFFECTIVE EDITORIAL

o Always think of originality.

o Know the subject matter very well.

o Make sure that the evidences and proofs given were true.

o Start your editorial with a good lead to catch reader’s attention.

o Editorials are usually third person’s POV so avoid using “I”, use “we” instead.

o Use active voice than passive.

o Foul words have no place in editorial.

o Be fair and reasonable.

o Limit your words for 250-300 containing already the essential matters.

Lesson 2: EDITORIAL CARTOONING

- It is also known as the political cartoon because the illustrations are always related to politics or socialites which

usually relate to current events. It is a comic with a purpose, underlying meaning and based on the artist’s

opinion.

- The one that creates and specializes in drawing editorial cartoon is called cartoonist/editorial cartoonist. A perfect

cartoonist should have artistic skills and humor.

- Editorial cartoonist mostly used allusion, metaphors, and caricatures. Caricatures are the one that parodies an

individual and allusion creates the situation or context into which the individual is placed.

- Unlike the editorial article, cartoons are opinionated and can be biased based on what is the cartoonist’s opinion.

- An effective editorial cartoon deals with a single idea only, realistic, humorous, entertaining, and has the ability to

influence the readers of the

editorial.

HOW TO CREATE AN EDITORIAL CARTOON?

1. Know and understand the issue that you wish to draw a cartoon.

2. Make your sketch and after that, start drawing your idea.

3. Show some symbolism within your elements.

Single ideaHas the ability to influence

Entertaining/humorous

4. Add color or shading in your drawing to bring work to life.

5. If needed, make a title.

TIPS IN MAKING AN EDITORIAL CARTOON

o Make your cartoon simple but the message is clear and complete.

o Always remember that originality and clarity in your drawing is important.

o Go for emotion.

o Don’t make the cartoon be a slogan.

o Be funny and thought provoking.

o Study first some professionally drawn cartoon but don’t copy.

TECHNIQUES IN MAKING EDITORIAL CARTOON

Use blank ink or pencil in white paper.

Draw in bold lines and make the lettering large and legible.

Utilize single stroke or line.

Shadings are used for emphasis.

Limit the words and labels.

Use common symbol

- Pencil, pen, newspaper (journalism), dove (peace), salakot or Filipino hat (Juan Dela cruz), chain

(maltreatment), crocodile (abusive person of authority), turtle (referring to something slow), mallet (justice), mask

(deceiver), eagle (bravery or strength), bar of gold, money, skull (danger or death), laurel leaf (victory), syringe

(death), beggar (poverty), high rising building (development or progress), key (success) etc.

Draw the emotions clearly.

Don’t make the cartoon be a slogan.

Lesson 3: PHOTOJOURNALISM

- It is the way photojournalist express his ideas through taking and capturing images or human experiences.

- Photojournalist is the person that captures the needed photos.

PRINCIPLES OF PHOTOJOURNALISM

- Simple - captures emotion

-Beautiful - tells the story

-Technical quality

STEPS IN CAPTIONING A PHOTOGRAPH

Know the object that you will be capturing.

From the picture itself, get the main idea and construct a sentence that will summarize what is happening in the

whole image. E.g. The cub with its mother.

Add from the sentence the place where it was taken. E.g. The cub with its mother at the grasses.

Insert some description about the character from the image. E.g. The baby cub with its protective mother at the

grasses.

Give some action with your caption. E.g. The baby cub clinging with its protective mother at the grasses.

Check the construction of sentences, grammar, and spelling for more effective caption.

TIPS IN PHOTOJOURNALISM

o Keep your photos simple.

o Use rule of third.

o Use stolen shots and avoid posed pictures.

o Try to capture emotions.

o Try to have a dominant subject on a particular shot.

o Include the lights and backgrounds in taking pictures.

o Let the pictures tell stories.

PERSPECTIVE IN PHOTOJOURNALISM

High Angle shot

Mid-Range Shot or Upper Body Shot

Environmental Portraiture

THINGS TO AVOID IN PHOTOJOURNALISM

Avoid taking shot of posed pictures.

Avoid back pictures (of a person).

The main object/focus should not be with any other disturbances.

Avoid pictures of cars, buildings, etc.

Avoid crowding a picture.

ACTIVITY 1 & 2 (Giving a title, cartoon, and arranging the thoughts)

Below are the jumbled paragraphs to be arranging to have the correct composition of the editorial article. Arrange the

paragraphs according to their numbers. Afterwards, give the appropriate title and cartoon for the article.

(1) That being so, the private sector should then rise to the challenge of helping fight poverty. For starters, it

should take some risk in investing in areas where economic and employment conditions are not perfect. It

should not expect the government to make investing risk-free for them. Last week, Cabinet Secretary Jose

Rene Almendras told the Management Association of the Philippines that the government could do only so

much in making the economy work, and that the private sector should join the state by adopting the concept

of “inclusive business.”

(2) The Philippine corporate sector should heed his call.

(3) The government has blamed lack of financing for its rather limited investments in public infrastructure

projects like airports, roads and bridges. This has prompted the Aquino administration to tap private

investments by embarking on its flagship Public-Private Partnership program, which has sadly been hindered

by unnecessary delays as well.

(4) “Inclusive growth” has become the buzz phrase in the Aquino administration with the noticeable lack of

impact of the stellar economic expansion in the past two years on alleviating poverty. Inclusive growth simply

means making the fruits of economic progress trickle down to the poor, or those who have less—or even none

—in life.

(5) One sure way of making growth inclusive is by generating as many jobs as possible. This can be done by

investing in economic activities that have a big multiplier effect—for example, construction, which requires

many workers and, at the same time, gives businesses to allied industries producing cement, steel, wood and

lumber, electrical equipment and other building materials. The increased demand for their products will, in

theory, lead them to expand production and, in the process, hire more workers for their factories.

(6) Genson suggested that a financing scheme be crafted to meet the needs of small and medium enterprises,

pointing out that it is impossible for small borrowers like farmers to meet the bank’s requirement of audited

financial statements for the past two or three years. Big local banks should step up to this challenge of

financing the needs of the regions that need money the most.

(7) He said the private sector could help reduce poverty by investing in the least developed regions, which

include Quezon province and the Mimaropa (the provinces of Oriental and Occidental Mindoro, Marinduque,

Romblon and Palawan). He pointed out that while the daily salary rate in Quezon is only P201, the province

provides investment opportunities in retail and services, and that Mimaropa (Region 4-B) has a salary rate of

P205 a day and yet provides business opportunities in the nonagriculture sector. Even the provinces of Cavite,

Laguna, Batangas and Rizal, where the average salary rate is P208 a day, provide investment opportunities in

small-scale ventures.

(8) Inclusive business is a global movement spearheaded by the World Business Council for Sustainable

Development, a CEO-led organization of companies that is prodding the global business community to create

a sustainable future for business, society and the environment. It was founded on the eve of the 1992 Rio

Earth Summit by Swiss entrepreneur and philanthropist Stephan Schmidheiny, who believes that business has

an inescapable role to play in sustainable development by making significant contributions to the creation of a

sustainable society.

(9) Some private companies have embraced the concept of inclusive business in their operations, including fast-

food chain Jollibee Foods Corp., which now gets part of its raw materials from small farmers in the provinces.

Other companies have tapped micro and small enterprises in the regions as suppliers. But there is one major

gripe among these entrepreneurs. At a forum sponsored by the Philippine Business for Social Progress last

March, Philexport Cebu president Venus Genson highlighted the challenges that small entrepreneurs face

when seeking financial assistance for their businesses: “They’re saying there’s a lot of money, but is it

accessible?”

(10) Why then did the stellar economic growth in the past two years fail to curb poverty? It’s because

investments—both by the public and private sectors—in manufacturing, industry and infrastructure did not

grow as much. Economists point out that services, and not the labor-intensive industrial and public

infrastructure sectors, have been the main growth driver of the economy.

Editorial by: Philippine Daily Inquirer

February 3, 2014

http://opinion.inquirer.net/70970/inclusive-business#ixzz2sGhOmcVS 

ACTIVITY 3 (Giving appropriate title)

Give the appropriate titles for each of the editorial cartoons below.

ACTIVITY 4 (Symbolism)

Provide and draw some image or cartoon that symbolizes the given word. (E.g. Peace=Eagle)

1. Corrupt politician

2. Wealth and power

3. Weak

4. Violence

5. Education

ACTIVITY 5 (Evaluation)

Evaluate and describe the cartoon according on your own understanding

People and its Nature

ACTIVITY 6 (Photojourn)

Clip pictures related on what is the topic below and describe how it is related to the main topic.

ACTIVITY 7 (Editorial and editorial cartooning)

Provide an appropriate editorial cartoon for this editorial article.

Solving unemployment

It is saddening that despite the rapid economic expansion for the past two years, millions of Filipinos remain unemployed. This is what economists refer to as “jobless growth,” a phenomenon that afflicts many developing countries, debunking the myth that economic growth automatically translates to employment and poverty reduction.Halfway into his six-year term, President Aquino last week challenged his Cabinet to come up with an action plan for poverty reduction, mainly through job generation. He presided over a rare full-Cabinet meeting after a Social Weather Stations survey showed that the unemployment rate in 2013 had worsened to 27.5 percent, equivalent to an estimated 12.1 million, as 2.5 million Filipinos joined the ranks of the jobless between September and December. And yet the economy expanded by 7.2 percent, the second-fastest in Asia after China’s.There are several proposals to address unemployment, but sadly, there are no short-term ones. These measures are well known to the Aquino administration and its predecessors. These involve structural reforms that will make it conducive for investors to put money in factories and brick-and-mortar industries. Only recently, the Asian Development Bank, in a publication titled “Taking the Right Road to Inclusive Growth,” reiterated that the Philippines’ failure to boost its industrial sector was a key reason its economic growth remained far from being inclusive.“The Philippine economy’s chronic problems of high unemployment, slow poverty reduction and low investment are reflections of the sluggish industrialization,” the ADB said, pointing out that it is the industrial sector, which includes manufacturing, that should drive the economy to substantially reduce unemployment and poverty. Economic growth during the past years had been fueled by the service sector, mainly the business process outsourcing industry. According to the ADB, the industrial sector, compared with the service sector, has the better ability to create more job opportunities for the poor and a much higher multiplier effect on the economy. The ADB suggested more government support for the industrial sector through investments in education, skills training and infrastructure to achieve inclusive economic growth.In June 2013, Albay Gov. Joey Salceda, an economist before becoming a politician, had a mouthful to say about the buzz phrase “inclusive growth.” He suggested that the government invest in the countryside to address the high unemployment rate, warning that “social injustice is very much stubborn and structural, historically persistent and policy-immune,” as evidenced by the huge job losses despite the country’s stellar economic growth.Saying that the economy’s problems had been “overstudied and overdiscussed but undersolved,” Salceda called on the government to shift the focus of its investments strategy from Metro Manila to the countryside. “Go for low-lying fruits, or where the growth is easy because the base is lower—and where else but the countryside? How far can we squeeze growth out of the National Capital Region when in fact the solution is decongestion?” he said, lamenting that private investments were concentrated on the property sector, which he labeled as an industry only of the rich.The agriculture sector is a very good example of where investments should go. Why should we content ourselves with just producing and exporting raw copra or bananas, or the fresh catch from our seas? The government must make it conducive for investors to put money in factories and manufacturing facilities to bring the agricultural sector a step higher—processed agricultural products. Our farmers and fishers need not forever be farmers and fishers; they must upgrade to become processed-coconut producers or canned-fish manufacturers.We are not lacking in solutions to the worsening unemployment problem. The private sector, not the government, is the engine of economic growth. However, our investment climate is such that prospective investors areeither turned off by bureaucratic red tape or stymied by regulatory restrictions. We need only political will on the part of the government to build roads, sea and air ports and other infrastructure, and remove restrictions to

the flow of local and foreign investments, and for the private sector to do its part by investing in job-creating activities, particularly in the countryside.

Editorial by: Philippine Daily Inquirer

February 17, 2014

http://opinion.inquirer.net/71695/solving-unemployment#ixzz2tgItjTKz 

Present an appropriate editorial article for this editorial cartoon.