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Editing
Editing is joining shots of film together to make a meaningful sequence.
Styles of Editing
REALISM -- CLASSICISM -- FORMALISM
__________________________________ Sequence Cutting Classical Shots - to - Cutting - Montage
Continuity
I. Sequence Shots
Short events photographed in long shot in a single take.
The earliest films were unedited sequence shots. (Arrival of a Train)
A. The Extended TakeThe extended take is a single, uninterrupted shot in a film which lasts much longer than the conventional editing pace either of the film itself or of films in general, usually lasting several minutes.
Although little to no editing is used, they can be very difficult, and require perfect timing.
Watch: Goodfellas
II. Continuity Editing
By early 20th C, filmmakers had devised an early form of editing called cutting to continuity.
Cutting to Continuity tries to preserve the fluidity of an event without showing all of it.
Editing attempts to be seamless and unnoticeable.
A. Parallel Editing
Continuity Editing often uses parallel editing to show the viewer what is happening in two different places at the same time.
B. Cross Cutting
Parallel editing uses cross cutting – the alternation of shots from two different locals - to suggest two events are taking place at the same time.
Watch: Continuity Editing in V for Vendetta
C. Establishing Shot
Usually an extreme long shot or a long shot used at the beginning of the story or scene.
Makes transitions between scenes smooth; providing context for the viewer.
Watch: The Shining
III. Classical Cutting Editing determined by a scene’s
dramatic and emotional emphasis rather than by physical action alone (cutting to continuity).
Plays with time, space, and cuts that show and cause/effect relationship.
Often breaks continuity rules (180 rule, establishing shots), and may be confusing for the viewer.
Watch: Do The Right Thing
A. Slow Motion
Slows down time and movement Produces a dreamy, dance-like
slowness
B. Juxtaposition
Places two shots side-by-side for purposes of contrast or comparison.
Shots are of totally different things; joining them links them symbolically.
C. Jump Cut
An abrupt transition between shots. Plunges the viewer into a totally
different time and place. Can be deliberately disorienting.
Watch: Erin Brockovich
IV. Montage
A sequence of rapidly edited images. Can be used to show a passage of
time (training sequence). Can be used more formalistically to
suggest chaos, disorientation, etc. Watch: Team America
SOUND
Music
Used in film to establish tone, period, ethnicity, and/or locale.
Often used for characterization Can control shifts in emotion.
Sound Effects The function of sound effects is
primarily atmospheric, but they can also be a source of meaning.
High pitches create tension. Low pitches create a feeling of calm or
solemnity. Silence can create a feeling of
eeriness.
Voiceovers
Spoken commentary in a movie Often used to convey a character’s
thoughts or memories. Can also be used to establish who is
telling the story.
What Sound Can Do
Scary Mary