N o. 223, 898,

T. A. EDISON. Electric-Lamp.

Patented jan. 27, 1880.

BEST AVAILABLE CUI-

UNrrED ST~TXS PLTrxrr OFFrCX.

TSONAS 4 EOJSOK, ON' MIKKGO P~ ESW JRBSET' KLKCTRIC I AMP.

Jb eQ Ss it knowxl that I TBcxLs JKLVL RD180%

of Mcn&o Park, in Che State of Yew Jersey, United Sbates of. h. mc6cs, have invcnCal au

5 Improvement in ElcctrM ~pe, and in the method of manufacturing the same', (Caco 2fo. R86, ) of which the foliowisuf is a speci6caCion.

The objccC of this i"ventiou ie to produce electri lamps giving list by incandescence,

so which lamps ahaU have high resistance, so an Co allow of the qracticsl subdivision of Lhe eIectrio IighC.

The inventiou co~ in a light giving body otcarbou wire or sheets ooilecf or arranged in

t5 nch a manner as to o5'cr greet resistance to the yesssgc of the el~rie cr. rrcnt, and at the ~ arne time present but ~ slight surface from which radiation can take place.

Illy iuvcnUon further consists in ptscing im seCh burner of great rcs~cc in a uearly-

vacuum. Cn pieveuC oxidation aad in- ury to the conductor by the atmosphere. The

current is conducted into thc vacuum-bulb

globe caouoC be kcpC Clght aC the plans w~ere the e iree peas in aud are ocracutc4; hence Che 55 carbon is consumed, because them musC bt, al- most ~ pcrfccC vacuum to render the carbon stable, ~pccially when such carbon is sma8 ia msa aod high iu clccCricsl resistance.

Thence o( a gae in t, hc reosiver at Cheat- da mcephcrie pieanre, although noC attacking thc carbon, serves L'o dcstrcy iC in time by "alr- vsahing, " or the attrition produced by the rapid paiuige of the air over the sightly~ herent highly-heated snrfsce of the carboiL I . 65 have revciscd this practice. I have dhmovered that even a cotton thread properly ~boniscd and placed in a scaled Clam bulb exhausted Co one. millionth of an atmosphere offers froni oae hundred to fire hundred ohms resistance to Chc 7o passage of the current aud that it is sbsoiut+&F stable at very higfi temperatures; that if the thres4 be coiled as a spiral nd carbo*cd ~ or lf auy 6brous vegetable substance which will leave a carbon residue sAcr heating in ~ 15

Chreugh plstiua wires sealed into the glssL Thciuventiou farther oousistsiu the method

of manufacturin carbon conductors of high svuistanuc, so es to be suitable for giving light by Inccudesccncc, aud in the manner of secur- ing perfect contact bctwccu the metallic cou-

~ ducsors or lending wires and the carbon con- 4uctor.

Heretofore light by incandescence hss been obtained from rods of carbon of oue to four ohms xesistancc, placed in closed vassals, in

3$ which Lhc atmospheric air hss been replaced by gases that do not combine chamicslly with @ carbon. The vessel hoMing the burner hss been composcdI of glsss cemented to a me- tsdlic base. The conn~on between the lcad-

~ tug wi~ and &e cszb~ s has b~ca ob'. I n 4 ') ~ ' clamping Lhc carbon to the ~tel Tb, i IC 4- ing-'wires have always been large, so Chat 6 ci r resistance shall bs msuy times lan than the burner, cnd, in genera), the attempts of prc-

It5 wious persons bsve ~u to reduce the resistance ofthcccrbourod. Thcdisadvantsgesof folio- Iug th!s prcctios are, that a lamp having '&ui uetofouf ohms ieiistancccaooot uc words% In great numbers iu multiple are without thc em- 8 pioymcnt of mein conductors of enormous di- ~ons j th3L, ovlug to Lhc lo'w Flslstsnce Qf ++ Inss@ the leaaling-wirre must bc of large

l closed chamber be so coiled, as much as two

. thousand ohms resistance may bc obtained

. without premting a rsdiatiug-surface greater I than three-sixtccnths nf an inch; Lust if suc I

fibrous

material be rubbed ith a plastic corn. ~ i posed of lamp- black and ter, its rcsistan ; may be made high or low. according to the

amount of Lamp-black placed upon iti that c bou ilismcuts msv bc, made by a comhicat'

! of tar aud lamp-black, tbe latter being pre. 5 . 5

viously ignited in a closed crucible for several 1 hohrs aud afterward moistened and kncsdcd ' until it assumes the coiisistcucy of thick put-

ty. Small pieces of this material m&y be iolled out, iu the form of wire as small ae sev cu

be one-Chousaodths of a inch in diameter au4

~vcr. a foot in length, snd the ssme tnay a nou. couductiog non-carbon&slug

sob;~ce and mound ou a bobbin, or ss a spi- ral 4 th tur carbouiscd in a closed cha 95 , an e thee iral bcr by subjecting it to high haa4 the sp atter carbonization rctainiog its form.

All thalia forms are fragile and &ann ot bc clamped to the lcadiug wires with su&cicnt force to insure good contact snd preve venC beat- &ms ing. I have discovered that if platinum wirve are used and thc plastic lamp. black aud ter iuatcrial be inolderl niou od it iu Lhe act o! car- bonisetioa there is su intimate union by oem-

OFQCXFJCATfON keishaS yest ec Lst4asa paheat wcL $08. 8%0. 4sce4 Jaeearg SV, ~ Lyykeahee SiNS u~ a l4%.

iokons Q +say seaos~: dlwaadom saa gecxt eoaaaebue, sad a lass

8E&&T AVpll. p8LE Copy

material be molded around it in the act of car- bonixation there i aii itimste uniou by com- bination srl by pressure between the carbo sng plntis, anil nee&rly perfect contact is ob-

5 tsied witbnut thoexv&ity of clamps; hece the burner si&d tl&e liling-wires are coect- ed to the carbon re&&rly to be placerl in the vac- uum-bulb.

When fiin~isterisl is used the pletio ro Ismp-black snd tsrsre u~l tocore it to the

plntia before carbo ising. Hy uiiig thc carbo wire of cl& high re-

it&Ice I ai eiinbleil to ue Sne pistinoin wires for ledig-wire&s, as they will I&ave a

r 5 e&all rcsitiw cr&mI&ared to thc burer, sd I&en&a& wiII nt I I &Id crck tl&e sealed vsc- ui-I&ll&. I'Istiiics oiily be II~I. as its cxi&nnio i nearly thes&e &Is tbst of gliis.

Byig ci&airier&rbie length of crbo zo &viie ni&d eiliiig it the exterior, which i. oly

a &all l&rtimi i&f it etire& surfcc& will form the I&nciiil rmlitii&g-&Irf&rce; hece I sm able to rsie thei&Iitic heat of tire whole of tl&e csrb, s&I Ili I&revet ti& rapid reed. i&-

r5 tioii anil &li&II&I&e&II-~e&e of the light, which o s plsi wire is i&ixj&iilieiaI, ss it shows the least & ter&rlii&cs i&f the current by the Sick- e&ring of Ilic light; bt if the cnrret i steady the defect docot how.

3o I have carboizeiI il used ocr ton and lie thread, w~l sl&liiit, i&i&i&er coiled in vnrious ways, &lo lamp-black, I&lumbago, anil carbon iii vsrios forms, Inixed &virh tar nud keaded so Ihst tbe same msy be rlied out, into wires

35 of various lengths &I ilismeters. Each wire. however, i to beifori i sixe throughout.

If the carbo thre&l is liable to be distorted during carboixstio it i Io be coiled betwen a helix of copper wire. The endsof thecar-

so bon or Sls&et are secure&I to the plstia leading-aires by plastic csrboiiissble material, sd the whole placed in thecarboiiixiugwhsm- ber. The rx&pper& which bsserve&i Co prevet distortion of the carbon thresrl& is afterward

s5 eaten sway by riitric acid, and thepiral soaked in water& and tbeu dried sir&i placed oii the glass holder, and a glass bulb blown over the whole, with a leading-tube fr exhausCiou by ~ marx&ury-pump. This tube, when s high

vacunm has been reached& ls hermetically 5o sealed.

With subsianoes which are not greatly di- torted in carboising& they rusy be coated with s no~iiductlng non-csrbonissble substance, wliich allows one coil or tnru of the carbon to 55 rest upon aud be supported by tbe other.

In the drawings, Figi&s 1 shows tbe lamp sectionally. Ir is. the carbon spiral or thread. o I&' are the thickened ends of the spiral, formed of the plastic compound of lamp-black and tsr. 6o d d'are the platina wires. i h are theclainp, which serve to connect the platiua wires, co- me&&te&I iu the carbon, with the leading-wires x s'& sealcil In Clio glass vacuum-bulb. c d sr&e& colil&cr wires, counecterl just outside the bulb 65 to the wires x a'. s& i the tube (shown by dotted lines) lcsdiug to tlie vacuuin-purup, which, niter ex hsustii&, is hermetically sealed anil tlieurpl reinoved.

Fig. 2 rcI&renets the plastic inaterial before yo bclug woulld 1to a spiral.

Fig. 3 shows the spiral after csrbonisstion, ready to have n bulb blowu over it. I claim as my iuventiou- l. An electric lsip for giviug light by i- 75 cadcscence, oonsistiug of a Slament of carbon of high re&&jets&ice& Inade as described& aud se- cured to metsIUc wires, as set forth.

2. The Ix&mbiustion of carbon Slaments with a receiver Inade entirely of glass and conduct- So ors passing through the glass, aud kom which receiver the air is exhausted, for the purposes set forth.

3. A carboii Slsmeut or strip ooiled ail corinccled Io electric coudnctors so Chat only II5 a porCion of the surface of such carbon oon- ductors shall be exposed for railiating light, ss set forCh.

4. The method herein described of securing the plstiua contact-wires to the carbon Sla- 9o ment sud carbouhdng of the whole iu a closed chamber, substantially as seC forth.

Signed by me this 1st day of November, A. D. 1870.

'EHOMAS A. EDI8ON. Witmes&

S. L Oaxrt&nr, Joaa P. Baanoxm

It le found that che Stllowiag sertULoate han boca attnhad Co Itetters Ptttsat granted Ines ~ Misou fog jmprovnmont ia Q Qletttrio Itnmpnt g~ SNtSSSt dated January

07, 1880: DSPkBTMBHT OF TRB IHTSRIOBt

%IIT9 sr JEW 0J'tt, tHrOt WJNKere, D. ODeems ~e, ISSS.

Iu oolnpiiauoo with tbo rQuest of Cho partly la interest Itettetn Patent No RNtSSSt granted January 07, LSSD, to Thomas k. . Bdioont f lkonlo parht New Jersey, for an ituprovemout ia Bleotrio Itampstt' is hereby Limited eo ae to i pire at the same time with the patent of the following-named, having the ehortesC time to ma, vis. t British steat, dated November 10, 1870, No. 4t&78; Oauadiaa nt, dated November 17, 1870, 0 10&054i Belgian patentt dated Novontber Sst 1870) Roe 40t884 ) Italian itat4tott tinted

Deoembor 8, 1870, and Frnoh pateat, datotl January SD, LSSO, No. ~788. It is hereby oerti&od that tho propos euttiea aa4 oorreotlous hare been made in the

&les aud roaortls of Che Patent ONLe. This amendment ls ms4e that the United 8tatss patent meg ooa&trm to the ptovis-

ious of section 4887 of. the Berlsod Statutes. BBNJ. BUTTBRWOBTII, Oommissisae of PlsksatL

hpplovstl t M. I Jea. rt

Atttlttg listtrstnrg of tkv Tttterior, Now, iu oomplianos with tho request of Che portion la iuterestt said oertiloats ie

hereby ttttstttttlsd aod proper eatriee aa4 oorreochms' hare betm made la the Nn aad ricords of the Patent OSLoa.

Iu testlmoay whereof I have hereunto set my hand aad oaased tha esai of Che patent Odloe Co be aSLxed, thfis 15th duly of March, 1808. W. B. SIMOND8

Cbmtmimioasr g potsatL h p proved t

Pram Bvnner, . dssistaat 8sorsf4try of Ci Interior.

d

8

DBPLRUALMT OF TIIB IMRILIOB, Qrraur4%%$ F Jrllr ninInat

ly Jnramo, D. G, Destmlor fd, ~ In otmtnManoe with the retlneet of the p ln interest, Itsttsrn NtL %!pN

paa J ted January 07, lSSO, Co Thomas h Bdieoa of Meulo Hew Jasmin, Str ea tttpcovemeat in 4'Ekotrio. Lamlte, " is hsceby limited so ee to ex at Ch ~ ~

with the patent of tbe following having the shortest time Cs raa, riot SrNA Patent dated November 10, I 870, N. 4. 578; Canadian Patent dats4 'Re~bar 17~ IS~ o. 10854l , Bttlttian patestdatsd Ilovestber 90 1870, No Itn5au PnSsiit dtttttii hesembec 5. 1870 and Frenob Patttnt 4abd January 00 1 %o QS;7/Sl It is htttwby ooiCi &ed Aat the ntiopttr sutras aud certootlotts bare bees medo ia Che &les anti rttoortls of the Patent OSLoo.

This stttettdmeot is mode Chat tho CuBe& States Peoitnt may eouStrm Ce the ~ N tts of Session 4857 of Che Berated Qatsttoa BBM. BUTTBRWORTE,

onamim4tar g&tntte. Approved t

5L It. JO8IYHt gtieittg Ihorssitrp Q Car Tater4er.

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