Edexcel Article 5 June 2012 Key Words

7/31/2019 Edexcel Article 5 June 2012 Key Words

1/8

2012 Article Key words - Biological

Word Location Definition NotesCRF system Para 20; line 4 corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-system Crucial components in central

nervous stress responsesSexualDimorphism Para 23; line 1 The systematic difference in form between individuals of different sex Defined in the text

Progenitor Para 41; line 3 Ancestral

BAT Para 28; line 1 Brown Adipose Tissue fat cells which store many small droplets. Contain largenumbers of mitochondria, which contain UCP-1WAT White Adipose Tissue fat cells where fat is stored as one large mass.

UCP-1 Para 28; line 5 Uncoupling Protein 1Disrupts respiration at the e - transport chainlevel / blocking ATP production. Energy isthen lost as heat rather than stored.

Medialprefrontal cortex(mPFC)

Para 9; Line 1 Part of the brain which increases in activity when humans engage in serious

self-reflection

Amygdale Para ; Line Part of the brain thought to process emotional reactions (such as fear, threatanxiety & emotional responses to pain) Defined in the text

Cortisol Para 18; Line 2Important for regulating changes in behaviour and functions (e.g. glucosemetabolism). the stress hormone because its also secreted in higher levelsduring the bodys fight or flight response

Subcutaneousfat Para 23; Line 3 Fat found just beneath the skin

SympatheticNervous System(SNS)

Para 29; Line 1 The sympathetic nervous system belongs to autonomic nervous system alongwith parasympathetic nervous system

T3 Tri-iodothyronine Para 29; Line 3 The active form of thyroid hormone, produced within BAT Defined in the text

PET scanning Para 31; Line 8 Positron emission tomographyDinotrophenol(DNP) Para 37; Line 1

A highly toxic industrial chemical, which was used to increase metabolism (andlose weight) in the 1930s. Defined in the text
http://stress.about.com/od/stressmanagementglossary/g/FightorFlight.htmhttp://stress.about.com/od/stressmanagementglossary/g/FightorFlight.htmhttp://stress.about.com/od/stressmanagementglossary/g/FightorFlight.htm


2/8

Word Location Definition Notesfucoxanthin Para 38; Line 2 Compound which makes seaweed brown Defined in the text PRDM16 Para 40; Line 1 Protein thought to control development of BAT Defined in the text TNMD Para 44; Line 1 A Transmembrane glycoproteinTransmembrane

glycoproteinPara 44; Line 1 A protein that goes from one side of a membrane through to the other side of

the membraneGlycolyticpathways Para 44; Line 4

the anaerobic enzymatic conversion of glucose to the simpler compoundslactate or pyruvate, resulting in energy stored in the form of ATP

adiponectin Para 45; Line 3 A protein hormone produced and secreted exclusively by adipocytes (fat cells)that regulates the metabolism of lipids and glucoseReduced by anorexia nervosa

Leptin Para 45; Line 3 A protein hormone that plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energyexpenditureReduced by anorexia nervosa

Interlukin-6 Para 45; Line 3A protein that is secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immuneresponse, e.g. during infection and after trauma, especially burns or other tissuedamage leading to inflammation.

Reduced by anorexia nervosa

CD68expression Para 45; Line 4 CD68 is a glycoprotein which binds to low density lipoprotein.

Reduced by anorexia nervosa

Resistin mRNA Para 45; Line 4 Resistin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes, is suggested to be an importantlink between obesity and diabetesReduced by anorexia nervosa

Epigeneticalterations Para 46; Line 4

Epigenetic: Something that affects a cell, organ or individual without directlyaffecting its DNA

Dopaminergicsystem Para 46; Line 4

Systems that produce A neurochemical made in the brain that is involved inmany brain activities, including movement and emotion.

DNAmethylationpatterns

Para 46; Line 5

A biochemical process that is important for normal development in higherorganisms. It involves the addition of a methyl group to the 5 position of thecytosine pyrimidine ring or the number 6 nitrogen of the adenine purine ring(cytosine and adenine are two of the four bases of DNA).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry#Cyclic_compoundshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adeninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adeninehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry#Cyclic_compoundshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell


3/8

2012 Article Key words - General

Word Location DefinitionDissatisfaction Para 5; Line 5 The condition or feeling of being displeased or unsatisfied Aesthetics Para 6; Line 3 A set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty Prevalence Para 6; Line 5 being widespread preoccupation Para 5; Line 4 A subject or matter that engrosses someone. Neuroscientists Para 8; Line 2 Scientist who specializes in the study of the brain.

Psychometrically Para 8 ; Line 4The branch of psychology that deals with the design, administration, and interpretation of quantitativetests for the measurement of psychological variables such as intelligence, aptitude, and personalitytraits.

Morphed Para 12; Line 2 Change smoothly from one image to another by small gradual steps using computer animationtechniques.Corpulence Para 13; Line 3 excessive fatness Pathologically Para 16; Line 2 Disease linked / could cause diseaseSelf-induced Para 16; Line 5 Caused / Induced by oneself Paradoxically Para 17; Line 4 A seemingly contradictory statement that may nonetheless be true

Chronic Para 18; Line 5 Persisting for a long time or constantly recurring.

Deleterious Para 19; Line 2 HarmfulConcomitant Para 19; Line 3 Naturally accompanying or associated

Vicious circle Para 22; Line 1 A sequence of repeating cause and effect in which two or more elements intensify, leading to aworsening of the situation. Precursor Para 41; line 2 A person or thing that comes before another of the same kind; a forerunner Proliferation Para 29; Line 2 Rapid increase in numbers Oncologists Para 32; Line 3 Doctor who specialises in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Predominantly Para 34; Line 3 MainlyCompensatorymechanisms Para 41; Line 10 Processes that replace the original mechanisms.

Psychiatricdisorders Para 46; Line 4 A mental disorder or mental illness

Cessation Para 51; Line 2 A ceasing; an end Kite mark Para 51; Line 4 Products which have met the requirements of specific standards


4/8

Word Location DefinitionPrevalence Para 52; Line 1 Commonness / being widespread Mortality Para 52; Line 1 Number of deathshypothetically Para 52; Line 4 In theoryRationalisation Para 53; Line 4 A mechanism by which the true motivation may be concealed

Scapegoat Para 53; Line 5 A person who is blamed for the wrongdoings, mistakes, or faults of others, esp. for reasons ofexpediency Precedent Para 55; Line 1 An earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered Legislation Para 55; Line 1 Laws, considered collectively Biologicalparameter Para 56; Line 1 properties of a population that can be used as inputs into stock assessment

BMA Para 56; Line 2 British Medical Association.RCP Para 56; Line 2 Royal College of Physicians permarexic Para 56; Line 7 Visibly unhealthy, thin people.Media physiques Para 56; Line 2 form, size, and development of a person's body Ambient Para 56; Line 6 relating to the immediate surroundings

innocuous Para 56; Line 7 Not harmful or offensive dysfunctional Para 58; Line 4 Deviating from the norms of social behavior in a way regarded as bad


5/8

Sexual Dimorphism in males vs Females (with regards to subcutaneous fat)


6/8


7/8


8/8

Brain parts mentioned

Documents

Edexcel Article 5 June 2012 Key Words