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RESEARCH DESIGNS

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RESEARCH DESIGNS

Descriptive Quantitative

Qualitative Correlational

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Descriptive research

observedescribe

document

answers thequestions what ,

how and why

questionnairesinterviews

(closedquestions)

observation(checklists, etc .)

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Examples:W hat is the association between the student-teacher ratios and student achievement in apublic elementary school?

How does instruction differ among teachersin the district who receive different amountsof staff development?W

hy do teacher qualifications insfluenceinstruction?

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ty pes of descrip t ive

research designS imple

descriptive

Used when data arecollected to

describe persons,organizations, etc .

A survey to arandom sample of

teachers to describetheir characteristics

Comparativedescriptive

Used whendescribing two ormore groups of

participants

Using questionnaireto three group of

teachers about theirclassroom practices

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T he subject is being observed ina completely naturaland unchanged naturalenvironment .

Advantage

B ecause there are no variablesmanipulated

, there is no way tostatistically analyze the results . Many scientists regard this typeof study as very unreliable and

unscientific

Disadvantage

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Quantitative

ResearchQuantitative research is a

formal, objective, systematicprocess in which numerical

data are used to obtaininformation about the world .

-to describe variables;-to examine relationshipsamong variables;-to determine cause-and-effect interactions betweenvariables .' (B urns & Grove2005:23)

Qualitative

Research-is a generic term forinvestigative methodologies

-emphasizes the importanceof looking at variables in thenatural setting in which theyare found

data is gathered throughopen ended questions thatprovide direct quotations

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Sample quali t a t ive research

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CorrelationalResearch

go beyond simply

describing what exists andare concerned withsystematically investigatingrelationships between two

or more variables of interest(Porter & Carter 2000) .

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Example correla t ional researcha researcher measures the student-teacher ratio in eachclassroom in a school district and measures the averagestudent achievement on the state assessment in each of these same classrooms . Next the researcher usesstatistical techniques to measure whether the student

teacher ratio and student achievement in the schooldistrict are connected numerically; for example, when thestudent-teacher ratio changes in value, so does studentachievement . T he researcher can then use the student

teacher ratio to predict student achievement, a techniquecalled regression analysis . W hen there is more than onepredictor variable, the technique of multiple regressionanalysis produces a multiple correlation that is used for

prediction .

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referenceshttp://www .experiment-resources .com/descriptive-research-design .htmlhttp://www .researchproposalsforhealthprofessionals .com/which_research_methodology_are_y .htmhttp://www .google .com .ph/#pq=sample+descriptive+research+paper&hl=en&cp=20&gs_id=3o&xhr=t&q=sample+quantitative+research&pf=p&sclient=psy-ab&source=hp&pbx=1&oq=sample+quantitative+&aq=0&aqi=g4&aql=&gs_sm=&gs_upl=&bav=on.2,or .r_gc .r_pw . ,cf .osb&fp=53dec0e55a12d206

&biw=1280&bih=699

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Thank you!!!

Cherryl T. Gabatilla