Ecuador

Tourists Enjoy

the beauty of the beaches,

the wild Amazon jungle,

the stunning Andes mountains,

And most famous tourist destination of all,

The Galapagos Islands

Ecuador’s large cities with modern conveniences can make you forget that you are in a third world country.

Take a closer look and you will see a country that is stricken by corruption at every level of government and has high poverty rates.

Background Information

The Inca PeopleRoads – Cities - Communication - Advanced - Prominent

Francisco Pizarro

Atahualpa, the last leader of the Incas.

The Spaniards Come

The Incas are defeated by the Spanish.

Freedom from Spain

Simón Bolivar Battle of Pichincha

First University

Political Turmoil

71.9% Mestizo People (mixed Amerindian and white)

7.4% Montubio People (costal people of mixed-race and indigenous descent)

People of Ecuador

7.4% Afro Ecuadorian (Ecuadorians of African descent)

People of Ecuador

7.2% Amerindian (indigenous people)

6.1% white (European descent)

0.4% other

Religion95% Roman Catholic 5% other religions

Economics

4.9% of the GDP is spent on education 27.3% of the population are below the poverty line

Family Business

Educational Structure

•Preschool-age 3-5•Primary School-age 6-12•Secondary School-ages 12-18 (two three year cycles)•Post-secondary: two year program, similar to an associates degree.•Tertiary: Undergraduate and graduate education

A Personal Perspective

Rebecca and Byron Gudino Pato and Andrea Leon

World Ranking

•Primary and Secondary Education: Unknown, due to lack of participation in international assessments and the inconsistencies in the national standardized assessments.

•Tertiary: One university was ranked #67 in South America, all others were unranked. None of Ecuador’s universities ranked in the top 300 in the world. (US News and World Report 2012)

Poverty and corruption have held Ecuador back. Although it is estimated that 93% of the population can read, they are not necessarily educated.

What Now?•Better quality education at all levels•Decrease class sizes•Improve teacher training•Improve organizational structure to better prepare students for higher education.•Create an alternative high school degree, like a GED to encourage people to get a legitimate high school diploma.•It seems that the education provided encourages people to stay in their same social class rather than improving their situation.

India

Religious symbols and celebrations

Tourists Enjoy

Unique architecture

MumbaiCalcutta

Darjeeling

Famous Cities

Taj Mahal, New Delhi

There are so many people in India, the traffic is terrible,

and poverty is difficult to ignore.

Background Information

Ancient Sages and scholars would impart their knowledge orally.

Boys would learn from Gurus in the Gurukula System.

From 1500-600BC Education was based on the Hindu texts and scriptures.

Background Information

Muslims established elementary and secondary schools during the Medieval period.

The English brought more modern education.

Background Information

Mahatma Gandhi led a peaceful protest against British rule.

India became an independent nation with its own constitution.

People of India

Indo-Aryan 72% Dravidian 25%

Mongoloid and other 3%

Religion in India

Economics

Over 363 million people are below the poverty line in India

Poorly funded public schools are overcrowded and poor quality.

Educational StructurePreschool: one or two years (not free or compulsory)Elementary (free and compulsory):

Primary Stage (class 1-5)Middle Stage (class 6-8)

Secondary (sometimes free, not compulsory)Secondary Stage (class 9-10)Senior Secondary Stage (class 11-12)

Personal Perspective

Sarah and Jamin Subramanian

World Ranking•India participated in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) for the first time in 2012 and India scored 72nd out of 73 countries that participated. •In higher education, India’s top university ranked #34 in Asia, and #349 in the world. They had 7 other universities that ranked in the top 100 in Asia (US News and World Report)

What Now?•Continue to pursue better quality education at all levels•Continue to pursue various options to improve education for the poor and migrant groups.•Improve teacher training•It seems that the education provided encourages people to stay in their same social class rather than improving their situation.

Ecuador BibliographyAna Maria Nuñez Torres. (2011, October 24). Brief on education Ecuador. Travel.

Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/anitanunez23/brief-on-

education-ecuador

Carrion, D., & Vasconez, J. (2003). The Case of Quito, Ecuador (Urban Slums Report).

Central Intelligence Agency. (2013, May 15). The World Factbook South America:

Ecuador. Retrieved June 10, 2013, from

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/geos/ec.html

Desouza, J. M. S., & Zeck, P. A. (2003). Reflections on an Ecuadorian Preschool: I

dentifying Opportunities for Assistance. Early Childhood Education

Journal, 30(4), 215–224.

Ecuador profile. (2013, February 19). BBC. Retrieved from

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-19331501

Geographia. (1998, 2006). Ecuador, History and Culture. Geographia. Retrieved June

22, 2013, from http://www.geographia.com/ecuador/history.htm

Gudino, R., Leon, A., & Leon, P. (2013, June 8). Discussion of Education in Ecuador.

Jameson, K. P. (1997). Higher Education in a Vacuum: Stress and Reform in Ecuador.

Higher Education, 33, 265–281.

Ministerio de Educacion Ecuador. (2009). Republica del Ecuador Plan Nacional de

Desarrollo: Plan Nacional Para el Buen Vivir. Retrieved from

http://educacion.gob.ec/wpcontent/uploads/downloads/2013/03/Reorde

namiento_de_la_oferta_educativa.pdf

Mónica Urigüen. (2011, October 24). The education in ecuador. Retrieved from

http://www.slideshare.net/moniuriguen/the-education-in-ecuador

Schady, Norbert, & Caridad Araujo, Maria. (2008). Cash Transfers, Conditions, and

School Enrollment in Ecuador. Economia, 43–77.

U.S. News and World Report. (2012). World’s Best Universities: Latin America.

Education World’s Best. Retrieved June 11, 2013, from

http://www.usnews.com/education/worlds-best-universities- rankings/best-

universities-in-latin-america?page=3

India BibliographyBose, S. (2012). A Contextual Analysis of Gender Disparity in Education in India: The

Relative Effects of Son Preference, Women’s Status, and Community.

Sociological Perspectives, 55(1), 67–91.

Central Intelligence Agency. (2013, May 15). The World Factbook South Asia: India.

Retrieved June 10, 2013, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-

world-factbook/geos/in.html

Chhapia, H. (2012, January 15). Indian students rank 2nd last in global test. The

Times of India. Gurgaon, Haryan. Retrieved from

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/Indian-students- rank-

2nd-last-in-global-test/articleshow/11492508.cms

Dyer, C. (2010). Education and social (in)justice for mobile groups: re-framing rights

and educational inclusion for Indian pastoralist children. Educational Review,

62(3), 301–313.

Fraser, E. (2010, June 23). The Dalits of India: education and development. e-

International Relations. Retrieved from http://www.e-ir.info/2010/06/23/the-

dalits-of-india-education-and-development/

Kothari, B., & Bandyopadhyay, T. (2011). Can India’s “literate” read? International

Review of Education.

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in India. Retrieved from

http://www.nokut.no/Documents/NOKUT/Artikkelbibliotek/Kunnskapsbas en/

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%20of%20Education%20in%20India.pdf

Ponmelil, V. A. (2001, 2010). Brief History of Education in India. Retrieved July 8,

2013, from http://education.newkerala.com/india-education/Brief-

History-of-Education-in-India.html

Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) - Overview. (2012). Retrieved

July 8, 2013, from http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pisa/

Rajendran, K. (2013). History of Education in India. Retrieved July 8, 2013, from

http://academia.edu/1747225/HISTORY_OF_EDUCATION_IN_INDIA

Subramanian, Jamin. (2013, June 24). Education in India.

U.S. News and World Report. (2012). World’s Best Universities: Asia. Education

World’s Best. Retrieved June 11, 2013, from

http://www.usnews.com/education/worlds-best-universities- rankings/best-

universities-in-asia?page=2