Ecosystem1

““Introducing EcologyIntroducing Ecology””

Write everything Write everything that isthat is UnderlinedUnderlined

13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & Abiotic

the study of the relationships between the study of the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors in environmentsbiotic and abiotic factors in environmentsthe study of the relationships between the study of the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors in environmentsbiotic and abiotic factors in environments

ecoeco (G) root home, abode (G) root home, abodeecoeco (G) root home, abode (G) root home, abode

ecoecoclimateclimateecoecoclimateclimateecoecosystemsystemecoecosystemsystemecoecotourismtourismecoecotourismtourism

log, -o, ylog, -o, y (G) suffix study of(G) suffix study oflog, -o, ylog, -o, y (G) suffix study of(G) suffix study of

zozoologyologyzozoologyologyepidemiepidemiologyologyepidemiepidemiologyologyclimatclimatologyologyclimatclimatologyology

EcologyEcologyEcoEco logylogy


OrganismOrganismOrganismOrganism

2.2.An organism is an An organism is an individual living thingindividual living thing (such as an alligator)(such as an alligator)


OrganismOrganism

PopulationPopulation

PopulationPopulation

3.3.A population is a group A population is a group of the same species of the same species that lives in one area.that lives in one area.


OrganismOrganism

Population

Population

CommunityCommunity

CommunityCommunity

4.4.A community is a A community is a group of different group of different species that live species that live together in one area.together in one area.


While the earth is huge, life is found in a very narrow layer, called the biosphere. If the earth could be shrunk to the size of an apple, the biosphere would be no thicker than the apple's skin.


The biosphere, like the human body, is made up of systems that interact and are dependent on each other.

The biosphere’s systems are called ECOSYSTEMS.


OrganismOrganism

Population

Population

Community

Community

EcosystemEcosystem

EcosystemEcosystem

5.5. An ecosystem includes all of An ecosystem includes all of the organisms as well as the the organisms as well as the other nonliving things in a other nonliving things in a given areagiven area.. (such as climate, soil, (such as climate, soil, water, rocks)water, rocks)


OrganismOrganism

Population

Population

Community

Community

Ecosystem

Ecosystem

BiomeBiome6.6. A biome is a major regional or A biome is a major regional or global community of organismsglobal community of organisms

characterized by the climate characterized by the climate conditions and plant communities conditions and plant communities that thrive there.that thrive there.


a major regional or global biotic a major regional or global biotic community, a community, a super ecosystemsuper ecosystem, defined , defined chiefly by the dominant forms of plant life chiefly by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climateand the prevailing climate

a major regional or global biotic a major regional or global biotic community, a community, a super ecosystemsuper ecosystem, defined , defined chiefly by the dominant forms of plant life chiefly by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climateand the prevailing climate

BiomeBiome


desertdesertdesertdesert

grasslandgrasslandgrasslandgrassland

tropical rain foresttropical rain foresttropical rain foresttropical rain forest

deciduous forestdeciduous forestdeciduous forestdeciduous forest

coniferous forestconiferous forestconiferous forestconiferous forest

tundratundratundratundra

Major Biomes of the WorldMajor Biomes of the World

oceanoceanoceanocean

13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & AbioticLevels of OrganizationLevels of Organizationsmallest unit of smallest unit of living thingsliving thingssmallest unit of smallest unit of living thingsliving thingsgroup of similar cells group of similar cells organized to work organized to work togethertogether

group of similar cells group of similar cells organized to work organized to work togethertogether

group of different group of different kinds of tissues kinds of tissues working togetherworking together

group of different group of different kinds of tissues kinds of tissues working togetherworking together

group of organs group of organs working togetherworking togethergroup of organs group of organs working togetherworking togetherone individual living one individual living thingthingone individual living one individual living thingthingall organisms of the all organisms of the same kind living in same kind living in one areaone area

all organisms of the all organisms of the same kind living in same kind living in one areaone area

all interacting all interacting populations in an populations in an ecosystem ecosystem

all interacting all interacting populations in an populations in an ecosystem ecosystem

all living and all living and nonliving things nonliving things interacting within a interacting within a certain area certain area

all living and all living and nonliving things nonliving things interacting within a interacting within a certain area certain area

large region with large region with typical plants and typical plants and animals that includes animals that includes several ecosystems several ecosystems

large region with large region with typical plants and typical plants and animals that includes animals that includes several ecosystems several ecosystems

cell


Section 13.2 KEY CONCEPTSection 13.2 KEY CONCEPT: :

Every ecosystem includes both Every ecosystem includes both living and nonliving factors.living and nonliving factors.


III.III. Elements in an EcosystemElements in an Ecosystem

1.1. Biotic factors are living things.Biotic factors are living things.

• Remember, Remember, BIOBIO means means LIFELIFE! (like ! (like BioBiology)logy)

a.a. plantsplants

b.b. animalsanimals

c.c. fungifungi

d.d. bacteriabacteria


Examples of Biotic FactorsExamples of Biotic Factors

include plants, include plants, animals, fungi, animals, fungi, microorganismsmicroorganisms

include plants, include plants, animals, fungi, animals, fungi, microorganismsmicroorganisms


2.2. Abiotic factors are nonliving things.Abiotic factors are nonliving things. • Remember, “Remember, “AA” means ” means NOTNOT (like (like

AsymmetricalAsymmetrical means means notnot symmetrical) symmetrical)

a.a. sunlightsunlight

b.b. temperaturetemperature

c.c. windwind

d.d. MoistureMoisturei.i. Water, rain, cloudsWater, rain, clouds

e.e. soilsoil

13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships / 13.2 Biotic & AbioticExamples of Abiotic FactorsExamples of Abiotic Factors

include air, include air, water, soil, water, soil, temperature, temperature, wind, source of wind, source of energy (usually energy (usually sun)sun)

include air, include air, water, soil, water, soil, temperature, temperature, wind, source of wind, source of energy (usually energy (usually sun)sun)


Ecological NicheEcological Niche

• A plant's or animal's ecological niche is a way of life A plant's or animal's ecological niche is a way of life that is unique to that species.that is unique to that species.

• Niche and habitat are not the same. While many Niche and habitat are not the same. While many

species may share a habitat, this is not true of a species may share a habitat, this is not true of a niche. Each plant and animal species is a member of niche. Each plant and animal species is a member of a community. a community.

• The niche describes the species' role or function The niche describes the species' role or function within this community.within this community.


• For example, the red fox's habitat, which might include For example, the red fox's habitat, which might include forest edges, meadows and the bank of a river, is shared forest edges, meadows and the bank of a river, is shared with many animals . with many animals .

• The niche of the red fox is that of a predator which feeds The niche of the red fox is that of a predator which feeds on the small mammals, amphibians, insects, and fruit on the small mammals, amphibians, insects, and fruit found in this habitat. Red foxes are active at night. They found in this habitat. Red foxes are active at night. They provide blood for blackflies and mosquitoes, and are host provide blood for blackflies and mosquitoes, and are host to numerous diseases. The scraps, or carrion, left behind to numerous diseases. The scraps, or carrion, left behind after a fox's meal provide food for many small scavengers after a fox's meal provide food for many small scavengers and decomposers. This, then, is the ecological niche of the and decomposers. This, then, is the ecological niche of the red fox. red fox.

• Only the red fox occupies this niche in the meadow-forest Only the red fox occupies this niche in the meadow-forest edge communities. In other plant communities different edge communities. In other plant communities different species of animal may occupy a similar niche to that of the species of animal may occupy a similar niche to that of the red foxred fox. .


KeystoneKeystone

3.3. Changing one factor in an ecosystem Changing one factor in an ecosystem can affect can affect manymany other factors. other factors.

4.4. A keystone species is a species that A keystone species is a species that has an unusually large effect on its has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem.ecosystem.

If you moved this stone the If you moved this stone the whole arch would fall downwhole arch would fall down


creation ofwetlandecosystem

increased waterfowlPopulation

increased fishpopulation

nesting sites for birds

keystone species

5.5.Keystone species form and Keystone species form and maintain a complex web of maintain a complex web of life.life.


Chapter 13-1 & 13-2 Review questionsChapter 13-1 & 13-2 Review questions

1.1. What is Ecology?What is Ecology?

2.2. Define organism, population, community, biome, Define organism, population, community, biome, biotic, and abiotic factors.biotic, and abiotic factors.

3.3. Give two examples of biotic and abiotic factors.Give two examples of biotic and abiotic factors.

4.4. What is a keystone species?What is a keystone species?

5.5. What does every ecosystem include?What does every ecosystem include?

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