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Economic Development & Culture
The Power of Solar EnergyAn Introduction to the Opportunities for
CondosNovember 23rd, 2010
Rob McMonagleSenior Advisor – Green Sector,
Economic Development & Culture, City of Toronto
Economic Development & Culture
Presentation Outline
Background on SolarSolar TechnologiesSite ConsiderationsFinancial Support ProgramsOwnership ModelsProject Development, Risks and Expectations
Economic Development & Culture
Myth – Canada doesn’t have enough sunlight
Canada has more solar energy that the world’s solar leaders (Japan and Germany)
Economic Development & Culture
Toronto Receives More Solar Radiation than Miami!
Miami’s solar radiation is reduced in summer due to moisture – solar radiation and air temperature are not directly linked
Economic Development & Culture
The Challenge of a Variable Energy Source
Solar Radiation varies through the year
75% of solar energy in 6 warm months
Is it a good mix with the energy needs of the building? Electricity can be fed into the
gridBut thermal energy needs to
be stored/used on site
Economic Development & Culture
Just how long has solar been used?
First documented use of solar was in 500BC when Greek city planners oriented buildings south to catch passive solar
Romans used “solar” rooms to grow vegetables in 100 AD
First solar hot water heaters were developed in France in the 1600s
First solar hot water heaters installed in Canada in the 1890s (in BC)
Economic Development & Culture
Solar Technologies
Background on Solar“Solar” technologies are really three
technologies that use the same energy sourcePassive Solar – natural energy flow into a buildingPhotovoltaics – direct creation of electricitySolar Thermal – generation of heat
Solar air systems – make up, ventilation and space heatingSolar hot water – process, domestic, pools, space heating
Economic Development & Culture
Solar Hot Water
Largest solar market globally is for solar hot water
Small systems dominate the market
Certain countries it is now a requirement so use solar water heating in all new buildings
Estimated that 1 million people are employed in the Chinese solar hot water industry
Facilities Management Division
Fire Hall 212 – Fire Hall 212 – Solar Hot Solar Hot WaterWater
Fire Hall 212Fire Hall 212
Location:Location: ScarboroughScarborough
Address:Address: 8500 Sheppard Ave. E.8500 Sheppard Ave. E.
Technology:Technology: Solar Hot WaterSolar Hot Water
Date Installed:Date Installed: 20072007
Size:Size: 16.2 m16.2 m22
Energy Output:Energy Output: 11.3 kW11.3 kWt t of heatof heat
COCO22 Emission Reductions: Emission Reductions: 2.2 tonnes/year2.2 tonnes/year11
Economic Development & Culture
Solar Pool Heating
Largest solar market in North America is for solar pool heating
Economics can be very good – payback of under 10 years without government support
Ideal for seasonal pools
Agincourt Recreation Centre Agincourt Recreation Centre Solar Pool HeatingSolar Pool Heating
Facilities Management Division
Agincourt Recreation CentreAgincourt Recreation Centre
Location:Location: AgincourtAgincourt
Address:Address: 31 Glen Watford Dr.31 Glen Watford Dr.
Technology:Technology: Solar Pool HeatingSolar Pool Heating
Date Installed:Date Installed: 20062006
Size:Size: 238 m238 m22
Energy Output:Energy Output: 166 kW166 kWt t of heatof heat
COCO22 Emission Reductions: Emission Reductions: 32 tonnes/year32 tonnes/year13
Economic Development & Culture
Solar Air Heating
Provides heated makeup air Ideal for large buildings with good south
facing walls High rise buildings are starting to use. TCHC has a number of solar air heating
systems
Facilities Management Division
Scadding Court Community Centre Scadding Court Community Centre Solar Air HeatingSolar Air Heating
Scadding Court Community CentreScadding Court Community Centre
Location:Location: Downtown WestDowntown West
Address:Address: 707 Dundas St. W.707 Dundas St. W.
Technology:Technology: Solar Air HeatingSolar Air Heating
Date Installed:Date Installed: 20062006
Size:Size: 165 m165 m22
Energy Output:Energy Output: 115 kW115 kWt t of heatof heat
COCO22 Emission Reductions: Emission Reductions: 22 tonnes/year22 tonnes/year15
Economic Development & Culture
Photovoltaic or solar electricity
Most costly of the solar technologiesHowever the “value” of
electricity is greater than heat
Has the advantage that the energy produced can be fed into the electrical grid – so no on site storage required
Solar electricity is also in line with the demand for electricity – Ontario is summer peaking due to electric air conditioners
Facilities Management Division17
Exhibition Place PV Project – Phase IExhibition Place PV Project – Phase I
Location:Location: Exhibition PlaceExhibition Place
Address:Address: Horse PalaceHorse Palace
Technology:Technology: PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics
Date Installed:Date Installed: 20062006
Size:Size: 100 kW100 kW
Energy Output:Energy Output: 100,000 kWh/year100,000 kWh/year
COCO22 Emission Reductions: Emission Reductions: 24 tonnes/year24 tonnes/year
Exhibition Place Exhibition Place PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics
Economic Development & CultureBuilding Integrated PhotoVoltaics (BIPV)
Huge opportunity in both recladding of large buildings plus in new construction
Cost of BIPV product can be the comparable to the cost other building façade material
Facilities Management Division
F.J. Horgan Water Treatment Plant F.J. Horgan Water Treatment Plant Building Integrated Solar PVBuilding Integrated Solar PV
F.J. Horgan WTPF.J. Horgan WTP
Location:Location: TorontoToronto
Address:Address: F.J. Horgan WTPF.J. Horgan WTP
Technology:Technology: PV – building integratedPV – building integrated
Date Installed:Date Installed: 20092009
Size:Size: 86 kW86 kW
Energy Output (estimated):Energy Output (estimated): 77,500 kWh/year77,500 kWh/year
COCO22 Emission Reductions: Emission Reductions: 20 tonnes/year20 tonnes/year19
Economic Development & Culture
Site Conditions for Solar
Its all about 2 things:1. Sunlight
Even 10% shading can reduce PV output by 50%!
Ontario does not have Right to Light legislation – will high rise buildings block your sunlight in the next 10 – 20 years?
2. Building roof structureOntario buildings not designed for
loading of solar arrays on the roof Uplift load from wind Build up of snow around the array
Economic Development & Culture
Financial Support Programs
Solar ThermalOntario Solar Thermal Heating
Incentive (OSTHI)Provides a 15% rebate on
commercial solar thermal projects$/kWt
PhotovoltaicsFeed in TariffPays for energy produced over a
20 year contract$/Kwh
Project Size(kW)
Rate (cents/kWh)
<10 80.2
10 - 250 71.3
250- 500 53.9
Ground mount (<10
MW)
44.3
Economic Development & Culture
Ownership Models
Solar ThermalPower Purchase Agreement
Solar company installs and maintains project – client pays for the energy it produces
PhotovoltaicsRoof Leasing – solar company “leases” the roof
and pays owner an agreed upon feeCould be a set fee or based on a % of the income
Economic Development & CultureProject Development Considerations
Solar “pays” for itself by the energy it produces over its life – 20-30 years
Proper design, performance monitoring and maintenance are critical
Economic Development & CultureProject Study before you begin to shop…
Energy load analysisOften lack of information on seasonal variances
Occupancy patterns, seasonal energy use (i.e. outdoor pools)
Energy
Prefeasibility Study Modelling of solar performance
Feasibility StudyShade analysis – checking of zoning heights of
adjacent propertiesRoof report – condition of roof, structural support
Economic Development & Culture
Performance Verification
Provides verification of savings or energy produced
Web based monitoring is becoming popular allows for billing of solar energy
example – Exhibition Place - http://view2.fatspaniel.net/FST/Portal/TorontoHorsePalace/index.swf
Economic Development & Culture
Rob McMonagleSenior Advisor – Green Technology and Green Energy
Economic Development & CultureCity of Toronto