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Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 2009 1
Economic Aspects of Geothermal District Heating and Power Generation German Experience Transferable?
Dr. Thomas Reif, Sonntag & Partner
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 20092
The topics:1. Deep geothermal potential and its use in Germany2. Business environment for district heating and electricity generation3. Economic analysis electricity generation4. Economic analysis district heating5. Project design - project optimization (CHP)6. „Parameters“ (simplified assumptions) for Estonian project examples7. „Simulation“ of an electricity project in Estonia8. „Simulation“ of a district heating project in Estonia9. SummaryBackup:10. Geothermal systems11. About us
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 20093
1. Deep geothermal potential and its use in Germany a) Hydrothermal sources in Germany
source: Bayerischer Geothermieatlas
North German Basin
Molasse BasinUpper Rhine
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 20094
b) Geological situation in the Bavarian Molasse Basin
fresh-water Molasse
upper sea Molasse
lower sea Molasse
Eocene
shalkstone
malmdogger
crystalsource: Bernried Erdwärme AG
marine transgression
disturbance zones
North
Geothermal gradient: ca. 3°C per 100 m TVD
Hot water aquifer with good flow rates!
South
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 20095
c) Major district heating and electricity generation projects
district heating projects electricity projects
- Straubing- Erding- Riem- Pullach- Simbach/
Braunau- Unterschleisheim- Aschheim/Feldkichen/
Kirchheim- Unterföhring
Neustadt-Glewe
Waren / MüritzNeubrandenburgPrenzlau
Offenbacha.d. Queich
Speyer
Unterhaching
Landau
DürrnhaarKirchstockach
Mauerstetten SauerlachBad Urach
InsheimSoultz-sous-Forêts
Landau
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 20096
d) Geothermal project-featureslocation status
geothermal power in MW
usesupply
temperature in °C
flow rates in l/s
depthin m
Erding operation 8,0 district heating, balneology 65 55 2.200
München Riem operation 9,0 district heating 90 64 2.747
Pullach operation 5,2 district heating 102 30 3.443
Simbach-Braunau operation 7,0 district heating 80 80 1.942
Straubing operation 4,0 district heating, balneology 37 45 825
Unterhaching operation 30,0 district heating, power generation 120 118 3.446
Unterschleißheim operation 13,0 district heating 81 90 1.960
Neubrandenburg operation 3,8 district heating 53 28 1.267
Neustadt-Glewe operation 6,5 district heating, power generation 95 35 2.300
Landau operation 8,0 district heating, power generation 150 unknown 3.400
Aschheim, Feldkirchen, Kirchheim under construction 6,2 (intended) district heating 84 55 2.500
Unterföhring under construction 10,4 (intended) district heating 85 75 2.500
Sauerlach under construction 8,0 (intended) district heating, power generation 130 240 4.000
Dürrnhaar under construction unknown district heating, power generation unknown unknown 3.700
Kirchstockach under construction unknown district heating, power generation unknown unknown 3.700
Mauerstetten under construction 5,0 (intended) district heating, power generation 130 80 4.660
Insheim under construction district heating, power generation >155 unknown 3.000
Soultz-sous-Forêts under construction 30,0 (intended) district heating, power generation 175 140 5.000source: GeotIS, Geothermische Vereinigung
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 20097
e) Low enthalpy - but huge contribution to energy supply
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500hours
capa
city
in k
W
peak load peak boiler (oil): 24.232 kWth (100%),
heat production: 2.334 MWh (3%), 96 full use hours
base load geothermal energy 6.217 kWth (26%), heat production: 41.635 MWh (48%), 6.697 full use hours
installed load (customer): 46.756 kW, heat capacity (system): 24.232 kW,
heat production: 86.164 MWh, 3.556 full use hours
medium load biomass 4.000 kWth (17%), heat production: 4.301 MWh (5%), 1.075 full use hours
heat pump 10.552 kWth (44%), heat production: 37.894 MWh (44%), 3.591 full use hours
source: KESS GbmH
6.200
geothermal load
increased geothermal load
10.700
temperature: 84°C
flow rate: 55 kg/s
Example 1 district heating: annual load duration curve 10.000 inhabitants
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 20098
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500hours
capa
city
in k
W
heat pump 16.234 kWth (27%), heat production: 101.063 MWh (44%), 6.225 full use hours
peak load peak boiler (oil): 59.868 kWth (100%),
heat production: 14.648 MWh (6%), 245 full use hours
base load geothermal energy 6.217 kWth (10%), heat production: 50.782 MWh (22%), 8.168 full use hours
installed load (customer): 110.418 kW, heat capacity (system): 59.868 kW,
heat production: 231.122 MWh, 3.861 full use hours
medium load biomass 19.000 kWth (32%), heat production: 64.628 MWh (28%), 3.401 full use hours
source: KESS GmbH
temperature: 84°C
flow rate: 55 kg/s
6.200
geothermal load
13.000
increased geothermal load
Example 2 district heating: annual load duration curve 30.000 inhabitants
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 20099
2. Business environment for heat and electricity generation
geothermal electricity generation geothermal district heating
feed-in tarif based on theRenewable Energy Sources Act (EEG)
Fixed price perMWh - subsidized by all
power customersGeothermal energy supplies
base-load!
market heat-price
„marketable“price competitive to traditional energies oil, gas, biomass etc.
(Almost) no subsidies!
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200910
revenues from the German feed-in tarif (EEG)
EEG 2004 EEG 2009
up to 5 MWel 15,00 16,00up to 10 MWel 14,00 16,00up to 20 MWel 8,95 10,50beyond 20 MWel 7,16 10,50
operation by 31.12.2015 - 4,00
facilities up to 10 MWel - 3,00
petrothermal technique (EGS etc.) - 4,00
basic compensation ct/kWh
bonus for thermal use ct/kWh
bonus for fast projects ct/kWh
technology-bonus ct/kWhexcluding VAT
• EEG subsidizes the gross electricity output, station demand of 20-30% of the capacity / energy is not deducted!
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200911
3. Economic analysis electricity generation a) Project features
geology
flow rate in l/s 120
delivery temperature in °C 140
number of wells 2
drilling depth per well in m (TVD) 4.800power plant
cycle process ORC
temperature after power plant process in °C 70degree of efficiency 11,50%
electricity generation nominal capacity in kW 3.961investment
total investment (without reinvestment) ca. 42.244.000
Project scenario
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200912
b) Investment overview2009 2010 2011
land 500.000 0 0
exploration 3.000.000 0 0
drilling site 1.000.000 0 0
wells 0 24.000.000 0
discovery inurance 4.200.000 0 0
power plant (incl. technique) 0 3.272.000 3.272.000
delivery pumps 0 0 600.000
pump electrical connection 0 0 400.000
grid connection / infrastructure 0 0 300.000
outlying structures 0 0 500.000
power plant building 0 0 500.000
switchgears 0 0 200.000
heat delivery 0 0 500.000
SUM 8.700.000 27.272.000 6.272.000 42.244.000
SUM
ca. 2,5 Mio.€/ 1.000 m MD
(wells >4.000 m TVD and 8 1/2 “ diameter at total depth including typical “troubles” / contingencies)
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200913
Electricity generation costs
0,010,020,030,040,050,060,070,080,090,0
100,0110,0120,0130,0140,0150,0160,0170,0180,0
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
2023
2025
2027
2029
2031
2033
2035
2037
€ / M
Wh
material / energy
labour costs /administration
insurances
service /maintenance
depreciation
interest
other operatingcosts
c) Electricity generation costs End of depreciation of wells and plant
• Depreciation of wells and plant within 20 years (feed-in-period: 20 [+1] yrs.)• Inflation included (e.g. 4 % p.a. increase in energy prices for station supply!)
3 years construction period (2009 - 2011)
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200914
d) Project profitabilityGeothermal electricity project - earnings preview
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
2023
2025
2027
2029
2031
2033
2035
2037
year
Mio
. €
earnings EBITDA EBIT EBT interest, repayments
break-even-point
„market price break“ after the end of feed-in-tarif-period
• Internal Rate of Free Cash Flow (IRR) before taxes ca. 10%• Thus just matching the benchmarks of typical energy investors
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200915
e) Profitability and geology - geology is crucial
0,00%
2,00%
4,00%
6,00%
8,00%
10,00%
12,00%
14,00%
80 90 100 110 120flow rate in l/s
Inte
rnal
Rat
e of
FCF
bef
ore
taxe
s
IRR of FCF b. taxes with 140 °C IRR of FCF b. taxes with 150 °C
to secure by discovery insurance
7% increase in temperature>30% increase in profitabilityand vice versa
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200916
f) Profitability and investment (flow rate 120 l/s)
0,00%
2,00%
4,00%
6,00%
8,00%
10,00%
12,00%
14,00%
16,00%
18,00%
120 110 100 90 80
investment volume in % of planning
Inte
rnal
Rat
e of
FC
F be
fore
taxe
s
IRR of FCF b. taxes with 140 °C IRR of FCF b. taxes with 150 °C
10 % increase in investmentca. 10 % loss of profitabilityand vice versa
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200917
4. Economic analysis heat generation a) Project features (e.g.: town with ca. 30.000 inhabitants)
geology
delivery temperature in °C 84
flow rate in kg/s 55
geothermal capacity in kW 6.217district heat process / sales
biomass (medium load) operation after 3 years
heat pump (medium load) operation after 4 years
installed load (customer) in kW ca. 110.000
total heat consumption in MWh ca. 180.000
total number of connected objects 4.300investment
total investment (without reinvestment) ca. 171.000.000thereof drilling and drilling site 16.200.000
land, outlying structures, biomass, heat pump, reserves 20.900.000
distribution network, service connections, heat-transfer stations 134.000.000
Project scenario
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200918
b) Investment overview
Investment district heating project
outlyingstructures
1%
geothermal station and equipment
2%
peak-loadheating plant
1%biomass
equipment2% heat-pump
equipment5%
drilling, drilling site
8%land1%reserves
2%
planningnetwork
7%
heat-transfers stations
12%
distribution network
44%
service connections
15% Distribution system is by far dominating
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200919
c) Project profitability
District heating project - earnings preview
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
2023
2025
2027
2029
2031
2033
2035
2037
year
Mio
. €
earnings EBT EBT accumulated
Usually 5 - 15 years to break-even, if a distribution network has to be built up
Losses accrued
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200920
• Competitive (average) heat price is around 70 € / MWh (excl. VAT)10-15% below oil or gas to get the customers connected
• Initial investment in drilling, energy center and backbone of the distribution network is stressing economics!
Existing network as a large advantage!
• Thus 100% cost covering is not possible during the first years of operation
• Losses will occur for 5 - 15 years, varying on customer density, marketing …
• Assumed inflation of heat price based on escalation clause is 3-4%
• Initial ratio of connected customers is 30-60% per construction phase / street, depending on town / client structures
• Final ratio will be around 75-80%
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200921
Cost of heat sold to customers
010
2030
405060
7080
90100
110120130
140150
160170
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
2023
2025
2027
2029
2031
2033
2035
2037
€ / M
Wh
expenses ofmaterial
labour costs /administration
insurances, dues,advertising
service /maintenance
depreciation
interest expense
other operatingcosts
d) Heat production costs
Decrease in cost of heat / MWh because of increase in connected customers (= economies of scale and scope)
Increase in cost of heat / MWh, primarily because of increase in cost of material
(biomass, electricity, oil)
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200922
e) Energy prices vs. geothermal heat prices
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
300%
350%
400%
450%
Jan
98
Apr 9
8
Jul 9
8
Okt
98
Jan
99
Apr 9
9
Jul 9
9
Okt
99
Jan
00
Apr 0
0
Jul 0
0
Okt
00
Jan
01
Apr 0
1
Jul 0
1
Okt
01
Jan
02
Apr 0
2
Jul 0
2
Okt
02
Jan
03
Apr 0
3
Jul 0
3
Okt
03
Jan
04
Apr 0
4
Jul 0
4
Okt
04
Jan
05
Apr 0
5
Jul 0
5
Okt
05
Jan
06
Apr 0
6
Jul 0
6
Okt
06
Jan
07
Apr 0
7
Jul 0
7
Okt
07
Jan
08
Apr 0
8
Jul 0
8
Okt
08
Jan
09
natural gas fuel oil geothermal energy
price basis:1998
Based on a typical escalation clause for the geothermal district heating energy rate (e.g. 10% oil, 20% electricity, 30% biomass, 30% invest, 10% wages)
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200923
electricity150 °C140 °C130 °C electricity120 °C110 °C100 °C heat heat "electricity heat90 °C80 °C70 °C60 °C50 °C40 °C30 °C "waste" "waste" "waste"20 °C10 °C
at the location the available temperature range heat pump regularly to the electricity production used temperature range (return cooling) too "cold" for the electricity regularly to the heat supply necessary temperature range regularly unused temperature range
>120°C < 120°C < 90°C
"BOTTLENECK"
project: high temperature middle temperature low temperature
bottleneck range
5. Project design - project optimization (CHP)
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200924
• District heating project- peak load covering by additional energy source- integration of a medium load component- improved efficiency of the geothermal source by cooling the return flow
via heat pump- refinement of the medium load (second medium load component) etc.
capital costs instead of „fuel costs “maximum use of the most capital-intensive geothermal energy as base load
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200925
• Combined heat and power projects- heat-focused vs. power-focused
(geothermal heating vs. amortization of the power station)- parallel vs. serial use of thermal water- regime change after power station amortization etc.- hybrid forms (heating the residual temperature of power plant for the heat use)- value of “cold” heat at 70-75°C > 15 € / MWh
• The bottleneck situation is only partly solvable (especially with temperatures < 140°C)
- when no / less energy for heating is needed (day / night, summer / winter), the power station efficiency is approximately 30% below average!
- “electricity in the summer and heat in the winter” is a simplified concept
Geothermal (low enthalpy!) CHP requires permanent optimization!
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200926
• Geology in Estonia- Low geothermal gradient (Ø ca. 1,2°C/100 m) - or just lack of wells / statistics?
lower supply temperatures comp. to Germany with comparable / larger depthsNecessity of research / identification of favorable geothermal sites (e.g. gradients > 2°C/100 m)
- small probability of naturally high flow ratesEGS instead of hydrothermal (flow rate about 50 l/s as Soultz-sous-Forêts)
• Energy prices in Estonia- Heat prices ca. 55-60 €/MWh (in Germany ca. 70 €/MWh)- Purchase price for electricity ca. 40 €/MWh (in Germany ca. 80 €/MWh)
advantageous relation earnings / expense
6. „Parameters“ for Estonian project examples very simplified assumptions!
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200927
• Operating expenses- labour costs substantially lower compared to Germany (assumption -50%)- interest on borrowed capital scarcely under / around the EU-average
• Investment
- Drilling, plant, feed pumps etc. world market costs
- in total higher exploration costs compared to Germany because of• deeper drillings• stimulation measures for enhanced geothermal systems (EGS / HDR / HFR)
- cheaper buildings, connectors, distribution network and energy centers because of reduced labour / construction costs (assumption -50%)
advantage: possible use of already existing distribution network
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200928
7. „Simulation“ of an EGS electricity project in Estonia a) Project features
geology
geothermal gradient in °C/100m 2
flow rate in l/s 50
delivery temperature in °C (2°C / 100 m + 5°C surface) 125
number of wells 2
drilling depth per well in m (TVD) 6.000power plant
cyclic process Kalina
temperature after power plant process in °C 55
degree of efficiency 12,10%
electricity generation nominal capacity in kW 1.736investment / expenses
total investment (without reinvestment) ca. 42.854.000construction costs in % from German standard (except drilling, plant etc.) 50%
Project scenario
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200929
b) Investment overviewyear 1 year 2 year 3
land 250.000 0 0
exploration 1.500.000 0 0
reservoir stimulation / engineering 4.000.000 0 0
drilling site 500.000 0 0
wells 0 30.000.000 0
power plant (incl. technique) 0 2.652.000 2.352.000
delivery, injecting pumps 0 0 400.000
pump electrical connection 0 0 200.000
grid connection / infrastructure 0 0 150.000
outlying structures 0 0 250.000
power plant building 0 0 250.000
switchgears 0 0 100.000
heat delivery 0 0 250.000
SUM 6.250.000 32.652.000 3.952.000 42.854.000
SUM
EGS / HDR / HFR
ca. 2,5 Mio.€/ 1.000 m MD
(wells >5.000 m TVD and 6 1/8 “ diameter at total depth including contingencies)
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200930
c) Electricity generation costs
Electricity generation costs
0,0
50,0
100,0
150,0
200,0
250,0
300,0
350,0
400,0
year
1
year
3
year
5
year
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year
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year
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year
13
year
15
year
17
year
19
year
21
year
23
year
25
year
27
year
29
€ / M
Wh
material / energy
labour costs /administration
insurances
service /maintenance
depreciation
interest expense
other operatingcosts
3 years construction period (2009 - 2011)
End of depreciation of wells and plant
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200931
Sensitivity of electricity cost to changes in parameters
The delivery temperature has by far the largest influence on the electricity production costs / project profitability.
Sensitivity of parameters (change +/- 10%)
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
-10%
-8%
-6%
-4%
-2%
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%
sensitivity of parameters in %
aver
age
elec
tric
ity p
rodu
ctio
n co
sts
in
€
flow rate inkg/s
deliverytemperaturein °C
investment
stationsupply(energy)
Average price during project period
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200932
d) Summary geothermal power generation in Estonia
Based on the (very) simplified assumptions:
• Investment per MW / for an EGS-project in Estonia would be about twice the amount compared to an hydro-geothermal project in Germany
• Geothermal electricity would cost about 340 € / MWh (first project years)
that would still be below the feed-in-tarif for solar power in Germany!
• that could become competitive in reasonable time- in case there will be a certain learning curve and- an increase in electricity prices by > 3-4% p.a.
• Project optimization by CHP
Essential: Geological research and research drilling in Estonia (gradients!)
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200933
8. „Simulation“ of a district heating project in Estonia a) Project features (with ca. 30.000 inhabitants)
geology
geothermal gradient in °C/100m 2number of wells 2drilling depth per well in m (TVD) 5.000delivery temperature in °C (2°C / 100 m + 5°C surface) 105flow rate in kg/s 50geothermal capacity in kW 10.048district heat process / sales
use of biomass and heap pump (medium load) xinstalled load (customer) in kW ca. 110.000total heat consumption in MWh ca. 180.000total number of connected objects 4.300investment
total investment (without reinvestment) ca. 110.600.000thereof drilling and drilling site 31.400.000
land, outlying structures, biomass, heat pump, reserves 12.300.000distribution network, service connections, heat-transfer stations 66.900.000
construction costs in % from German standard (except drilling etc.) 50%
Project scenario
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200934
b) Investment overview
Investment district heating project
geothermal station and equipment
2%
biomass equipment
2% heat-pump equipment
4%drilling, drilling site, stimulation
26%
reserves2%
planningnetwork
6%heat-transfers
stations10%
distribution network
33%
service connections
12%
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200935
c) Energy concept (Estonian town with 30.000 inhabitants)
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500Stunden
Cap
acity
in k
W
heat pump 14.758 kWth (25%), heat production: 83.443 MWh (36%), 5.654 full use hours
peak load peak boiler (oil): 59.868 kWth (100%),
heat production: 12.616 MWh (5%), 211 full use hours
base load geothermal energy 10.048 kWth (17%), heat production: 79.724 MWh (34%), 7.934 full use hours
installed load (customer): 110.418 kW, heat capacity (system): 59.868 kW,
heat production: 231.122 MWh, 3.861 full use hours
medium load biomass 18.000 kWth (30%), heat production: 55.339 MWh (24%), 3.074 full use hours
Projektjahr 23 source: KESS GmbH
temperature: 105°C
flow rate: 50 kg/s
10.050
geothermal load
17.300
Increased geothermal load
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200936
d) Heat production costs
Cost of heat sold to customers
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
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110
year
1
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3
year
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year
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year
15
year
17
year
19
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21
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23
year
25
year
27
year
29
€/M
Wh
material / energy
labour costs /administration
insurances, dues,advertising
service /maintenance
depreciation
interest expense
other operatingcosts
Usual increase in cost of heat / MWh, because of increase in cost of material (biomass, electricity, oil)
Decrease in cost of heat / MWh because of lower cost of network construction than in Germany and significant economies of scale concerning capital costs of the wells.
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200937
e) Summary geothermal district heating in Estonia
Based on the (very) simplified assumptions:
• Geothermal heat (base load) could be produced and distributed at fairly competitive prices in Estonia
as part of a district heating system with medium load based onbiomass at matching rates (here: 50 € / t at 30-40% humidity)
if geothermal energy / capacity with relatively high cost of capitalwill have more than 7.000 full utilization hours
• Economic aspects of geothermal district heating will improve significantly if an existing network (suitable for < 100°C) can be used / extended
Essential: Knowledge about geothermal gradients at sites close to larger towns > 10.000 inhabitants!
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200938
9. Summary
Examples: cost of reservoir exploration / Pth in MW
0,95
2,34 2,532,89
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,50
electricity projectGermany
heat projectGermany
electricity projectEstonia
heat projectEstonia
project example
Cos
t / M
Wth
in M
io. €
“Affordable” differences in exploration costs at least for heating purposes
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200939
• Deep geothermal energy in Estonia will most likely be explored by EGS / HDR / HFR systems
alternative / additional possibility: shallow geothermal energy
• Geothermal district heating seems to be technically and economically feasible under current (near future) market conditions
• Geothermal electricity generation could contribute to a sustainable energy supply and energy independence in mid- to long-term view
Essential:- Estonia playing an active part in EGS research programs- Geological research and research drilling in Estonia
(knowledge about geothermal gradients!)
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200940
Backup
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200941
10. Geothermal systems a) Open / closed systems
geothermal heatcollector
- closed distributionnetwork
- use: heating andcooling of small building
geothermal probe
- closed U-tube in wells to 150 mdepth
- use: heating andcooling of buildings
deep geothermal probe
- closed double tube in wells of 2.000 to 3.000 meter depth
- use: heating forindustry, largebuilding, network
closed systems:shallow geothermal energy
also: deep geothermal probe (> 400m)
source: fesa e.V. Freiburg
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200942
Hot-Dry-Rock
- system of heatexchange
- use: heat andelectricityproduction
- for industry,large building,distributionnetworkhydrothermal
geothermal energy
- well in deep thermalwater areas
- use: heat andelectricity production
- for industry, largebuilding, distributionnetwork
open systems:deep geothermal energy
• hydrothermal geothermal energy
possible in Germany
• HDR / HFR / EGSmost likely in Estonia
also: ground-water heat pump
source: fesa e.V. Freiburg
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200943
b) Hydrothermal geothermal energy
• at least two wells needed: production and injection well
„geothermal doublet“
• direct use for heating, indirect use for electricity generation
• depending on particular local conditions (hot water aquifer, disturbance zones etc.)
• vertical or distracted drilling
source: Bernried Erdwärme AG
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200944
c) Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) / Hot-Dry-Rock (HDR) / Hot Fractured Rock (HFR)
• enhanced extraction of hot water after hydraulic stimulation
• generation of artificial cracks in hot, dry rock formations
• generation of new (rather extension of already existing flow paths) by water pressure
example: Soultz-sous-Forêts)
source: Geothermal Explorers Ltd
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200945
d) electricity generation
source: Bernried Erdwärme AG
techniques of power plants:
• Organic Rankine Cycle- based on organic working media
(usually hydrocarbon)- preheated and evaporated with
the thermal water
• Kalina Cycle- based on a mixture of media
(usually ammonia and water)- cycle efficiency higher than ORC
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200946
11. About us a) S&P geothermal-team Dr. Thomas Reif
Dipl.-Volkswirt, Rechtsanwalt,Fachanwalt für Steuerrecht
Birgit ManethRechtsanwältin, LL.M.,Fachanwältin für gewerblichenRechtsschutz
Dr. Martina VollmarRechtsanwältin, Fachanwältinfür Steuerrecht, Steuerberaterin
Karin GohmRechtsanwaltsfachangestellte
Gerd Wolter, C.P.A.Dipl.-Kaufmann, Steuerberater,Wirtschaftsprüfer
Irene LangDipl.- Betriebswirtin
Ramona TrommerDipl.-Kauffrau, Wiss. Assistentin
Gerd Wolter, C.P.A.
Harald AsumDipl.-Betriebswirt
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200947
b) Some reference projects - www.geothermiekompetenz.de• geothermal project Riem (heat) – realized• geothermal project Pullach (heat) – realized• geothermal project Mauerstetten/Kaufbeuren (electricity/heat) – in realization• geothermal project Aschheim/Feldkirchen/Kirchheim (heat) – in realization• geothermal project Sauerlach (electricity/heat) – in realization• geothermal project Dürrnhaar (electricity/heat) – in realization• geothermal project Unterföhring (heat) – in realization• geothermal project Oberhaching (heat) – in realization• geothermal project Geretsried (electricity/heat) – in planning• geothermal project Garching (heat) – in realization• geothermal project Grünwald (heat) – in realization• geothermal project Vaterstetten/Grasbrunn – in planning• geothermal project Holzkirchen – in planning• geothermal project Traunstein (electricity/heat) – in planning• and further more ...
Tallinn University of Technology, 17. April 200948
Dr. rer. pol. Thomas ReifDipl.-Volksw., Rechtsanwalt, Fachanwalt für Steuerrecht
www.geothermiekompetenz.de
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