eCommerce Course: PHP, PostgreSQL & XML

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eCommerce Course:PHP, PostgreSQL & XML

Javier VazquezUtrecht University

e-mail: [email protected]

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LContents

• Architecture of the combined catalog system

• PHP

• PHP and PostgreSQL database

• PHP for XML parsing

• Useful links

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Architecture of the combined catalog system

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LArchitecture of the combined catalog system (1/2)Entities and integration problem

dbdb--11

RETAILER 1RETAILER 1

dbdb--22


dbdb--33

VENDOR 1VENDOR 1

dbdb--44

VENDOR 2VENDOR 2

STORE WEBSITESTORE WEBSITE

??

ProductProductSupplierSupplier

ProductsProducts

GoodsGoods--forfor--SaleSale

CategoryCategoryProductProduct

HTMLHTML

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LArchitecture of the combined catalog system (2/2)Our solution

dbdb--11


XMLXML

dbdb--22


dbdb--33

VENDOR 1VENDOR 1

dbdb--44

VENDOR 2VENDOR 2


HTMLHTML

XMLXML

XMLXML

XMLXML

XMLXML

XSLTXSLT

PHPPHP

XSLTXSLT

XSLTXSLT

XSLT

XSLT

XSLTXSLT

• What is PHP?

• DB (SQL) XML?

• XML HTML?

PHPPHP

PHPPHP

PHPPHP

•• What is PHP?

• DB (SQL) XML?

• XML HTML?

PHPPHP

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PHP

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LPHP (1/7)What is PHP?

• PHP is a server-side scripting language embedded in HTML– Allows dynamic HTML pages

• Page content may change for each visitor and/or for each access

– The scripts are executed in the server

– The client sees only the final HTML page

• Depends not in client-side browser capabilities (cookies, JavaScript) or plug-ins (java applets).

• Scripts cannot be disconnected by the client.

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LPHP (2/7)An example

<HTML> <head><?php

error_reporting(E_ALL); // Paranoid interpreter

define("pi",3.141159);$name = 10;$name = "Javier";echo "<title>Example for $name</title>";

?></head><body><?php

echo "Howdy $name, I'm a PHP script!";

?> Generated in html.</body>

</HTML>

(Adapted from (Adapted from Jurrian Hage’sJurrian Hage’s PHP slides PHP slides [2]))Test it: Test it: http://www.students.http://www.students.cscs..uuuu..nlnl/~/~jvazquezjvazquez//phpphp--1.1.phpphp

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LPHP (2/7)An example

<HTML> <head><?php

error_reporting(E_ALL); // Paranoid interpreter

define("pi",3.141159);$name = 10;$name = "Javier";echo "<title>Example for $name</title>";

?></head><body><?php

echo "Howdy $name, I'm a PHP script!";

?> Generated in html.</body>

</HTML>

(Adapted from (Adapted from Jurrian Hage’sJurrian Hage’s PHP slides PHP slides [2]))Test it: Test it: http://www.students.http://www.students.cscs..uuuu..nlnl/~/~jvazquezjvazquez//phpphp--1.1.phpphp

<HTML> <head><title>Example for Javier</title>;

</head><body>Howdy Javier, I'm a PHP script! Generated in html.

</body></HTML>


</head><body>Howdy Javier, I'm a PHP script! Generated in html.

</body></HTML>

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LPHP (3/7)Syntaxis

• Syntax is an adaptation of C– ; {} // /* */– variable names with $– no type definition– for , while, if …else,

do…while, switch– foreach for associative arrays– assignation with =,

comparison with = =– strings with ' ' or " "– whitespaces and breaklines are

ignored by browser• Use \n or \n\r

<HTML> <head><?phperror_reporting(E_ALL); echo "<title>Example of PHP</title>";

?></head><body><?php$name = 10;$name = "Javier";$times = 5;for ($i = 0; $i < $times; $i++)for ($i = 0; $i < $times; $i++){echo "Howdy $name,

I'm a PHP script!\n";if($i = ($times if($i = ($times -- 2))2))echo "so.. Don’t forget!\n";

} ?> Generated in html.

</body></HTML>

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LPHP (3/7)Syntaxis

• Syntax is an adaptation of C– ; {} // /* */– variable names with $– no type definition– for , while, if …else,

do…while, switch– foreach for associative

arrays– assignation with =,

comparison with = =– strings with ' ' or " "– whitespaces and breaklines

are ignored by browser• Use \n or \n\r

<HTML> <head><?phperror_reporting(E_ALL); echo "<title>Example of PHP</title>";

?></head><body><?php$name = 10;$name = "Javier";$times = 5;for ($i = 0; $i < $times; $i++){echo "Howdy $name,

I'm a PHP script!\n";if($i = ($times - 2))echo "so.. Don’t forget!\n";

} ?> Generated in html.

</body></HTML>


</head><body>Howdy Javier, I'm a PHP script!Howdy Javier, I'm a PHP script!Howdy Javier, I'm a PHP script!Howdy Javier, I'm a PHP script!so... Don’t forget!Howdy Javier, I'm a PHP script! Generated in html.

</body></HTML>


</head><body>Howdy Javier, I'm a PHP script!Howdy Javier, I'm a PHP script!Howdy Javier, I'm a PHP script!Howdy Javier, I'm a PHP script!so... Don’t forget!Howdy Javier, I'm a PHP script! Generated in html.

</body></HTML>

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LPHP (4/7)Data types

• Booleans– true, false– FALSE 0 0.0 "" NULL

• Integers and floats– 5, 7, 39.5– + - * / += -= ++ --

• Strings– ’hello’, "hello"– Single ‘ gives literal strings (no

interpretation of what is inside)• ’Hello $name /n/t’

– To print a string:echo "hello";print("hello");

• Associative arrays– Map keys to values– Keys can be numbers or strings– They are not ordered by key

– array_keys($Arr) gives (1,2,”Scary”,0)

– array_value($Arr) gives (“Dog”,”Cat”,”Bat”,”Rat”)

– There are some sort functions:sort, asort, ksort,…

– To print an array value: print_r($Arr)

$Arr = array (1 => "Dog", "Cat", "Scary" => "Bat");

$Arr[0] = "Rat";

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LPHP (5/7)Data types

class Cart {var $items; //items in the shopping cart

function add_item ($function add_item ($artnumartnum,$num),$num){

$this$this-->items[$>items[$artnrartnr] += $num;] += $num;}

function remove_item ($artnum,$num){if ($this->items[$artnr] > $num){$this->items[$artnr] -=;return true;

}else return false;

}}

$cart = new Cart;$cart = new Cart;

$cart$cart-->add_item("10",1);>add_item("10",1);

• Objects and classes

– Similar to C++ but simplified

– Objects are dynamic• methods and attributes can

be added at runtime

– $this refers to the object itself

– -> to refer to the object’s attributes and methods

• right: $object->field

• wrong: $object->$field

– :: to refer to static methods• Class::method()

(Adapted from (Adapted from Jurrian Hage’sJurrian Hage’s PHP slides PHP slides [2]))

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LPHP (6/7)Global arrays accessible from PHP. Use of foreach

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">

<html><head><title>Global Array</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"></head><body><h1>Global Array</h1><p><?php

foreachforeach($GLOBALS as $key=>$value)($GLOBALS as $key=>$value)print $key$key . " = " . $value$value . "<br>";

?></p></body></html>

(Adapted from the Juicy Studio PHP tutorial (Adapted from the Juicy Studio PHP tutorial [4]))Test it: Test it: http://www.students.http://www.students.cscs..uuuu..nlnl/~/~jvazquezjvazquez//foreachforeach..phpphp

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LPHP (6/7)Global arrays accessible from PHP. Use of foreach

(Adapted from the Juicy Studio PHP tutorial (Adapted from the Juicy Studio PHP tutorial [4]))Test it: Test it: http://www.students.http://www.students.cscs..uuuu..nlnl/~/~jvazquezjvazquez//foreachforeach..phpphp


<html><head><title>Global Array</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"></head><body><h1>Global Array</h1><p><?php

foreachforeach($GLOBALS as $key=>$value)($GLOBALS as $key=>$value)print $key$key . " = " . $value$value . "<br>";


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LPHP (7/7)Form handling

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">

<html><head><title>User Details</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type"

content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"></head><body><h1>User Details</h1><form id="userDetails" name="userDetails"

method="post" action="welcome.welcome.phpphp"><p>

Enter your Name: <br><input type="text" size="40" value="" name="namename"><br>Enter your Age: <br><input type="text" size="5" value="" name="ageage"><br><input type="submit" value="Enter" name="welcome">

</p></form></body></html>


<html><head><title>Welcome</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type"

content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"></head><body><p><?php

print "Welcome " . $_POST["name"]$_POST["name"] . "<br>";print "I see you are " . $_POST["age"]$_POST["age"] . " years old! <br>";


(Adapted from the Juicy Studio PHP tutorial (Adapted from the Juicy Studio PHP tutorial [4]))Test it: Test it: http://www.students.http://www.students.cscs..uuuu..nlnl/~/~jvazquezjvazquez//simpleFormsimpleForm.html.html

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LPHP (7/7)Form handling


<html><head><title>User Details</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type"

content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"></head><body><h1>User Details</h1><form id="userDetails" name="userDetails"

method="post" action="welcome.welcome.phpphp"><p>

Enter your Name: <br><input type="text" size="40" value="" name="namename"><br>Enter your Age: <br><input type="text" size="5" value="" name="ageage"><br><input type="submit" value="Enter" name="welcome">

</p></form></body></html>


<html><head><title>Welcome</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type"

content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"></head><body><p><?php

print "Welcome " . $_POST["name"]$_POST["name"] . "<br>";print "I see you are " . $_POST["age"]$_POST["age"] . " years old! <br>";


(Adapted from the Juicy Studio PHP tutorial (Adapted from the Juicy Studio PHP tutorial [4]))Test it: Test it: http://www.students.http://www.students.cscs..uuuu..nlnl/~/~jvazquezjvazquez//simpleFormsimpleForm.html.html

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PHP and PostgreSQL database

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LPHP and PostgreSQL database (1/6)Introduction

• PostgreSQL is an open source DBMS with most of the features present in large commercial DBMS’s– Transactions, subselects, triggers, foreign key referencial integrity– Multi-user, views, multi-version concurrency control

• MySQL is another open source DBMS– faster for simple queries– lacks almost all the characteristics above.

• PostgreSQL is highly reliable, and used by companies.

• PHP has library functions to connect easily to PostgreSQL (and also to MySQL).

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LPHP and PostgreSQL database (2/6)Connecting, disconnecting and error handling

<?php$dbcomm = @pg_connect@pg_connect("host=tricolor.students.cs.uu.nl

port=5432 dbname=XXXXX user=YYYYYY password=WWWWWW")or die("Could not connect to db");

echo "Connected succesfully";pg_close($dbcomm);

?>

(Adapted from PHP manual(Adapted from PHP manual [3]))Test it: http://www.students.Test it: http://www.students.cscs..uuuu..nlnl/~/~jvazquezjvazquez//DBtestDBtest..phpphp

<?php$dbcomm = pg_connectpg_connect("host=tricolor.students.cs.uu.nl

port=5432 dbname=XXXXX user=YYYYYY password=WWWWWW")or dieor die("Could not connect to db");


?>

<?php$$dbcommdbcomm = pg_connect("host=tricolor.students.= pg_connect("host=tricolor.students.cscs..uuuu..nlnl

port=5432port=5432 dbnamedbname=XXXXX user=YYYYYY password=WWWWWW")=XXXXX user=YYYYYY password=WWWWWW")

if(!$dbconn){ echo "Could not connect to db. \n";exit;

}

echo "Connected succesfully";pg_close($pg_close($dbcommdbcomm));

?>

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LPHP and PostgreSQL database (2/6)Connecting, disconnecting and error handling

<?php$dbcomm = @pg_connect@pg_connect("host=tricolor.students.cs.uu.nl

port=5432 dbname=XXXXX user=YYYYYY password=WWWWWW")or die("Could not connect to db");


?>

(Adapted from PHP manual(Adapted from PHP manual [3]))Test it: http://www.students.Test it: http://www.students.cscs..uuuu..nlnl/~/~jvazquezjvazquez//DBtestDBtest..phpphp

<?php$dbcomm = pg_connectpg_connect("host=tricolor.students.cs.uu.nl

port=5432 dbname=XXXXX user=YYYYYY password=WWWWWW")or dieor die("Could not connect to db");


?>

<?php$$dbcommdbcomm = pg_connect("host=tricolor.students.= pg_connect("host=tricolor.students.cscs..uuuu..nlnl

port=5432port=5432 dbnamedbname=XXXXX user=YYYYYY password=WWWWWW")=XXXXX user=YYYYYY password=WWWWWW")

if(!$dbconn){ echo "Could not connect to db. \n";exit;

}

echo "Connected succesfully";pg_close($pg_close($dbcommdbcomm));

?>

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LPHP and PostgreSQL database (3/6)Displaying all rows and fields as a HTML table

<?php$dbcomm = pg_connect("host=tricolor.students.cs.uu.nl port=5432

dbname=XXXXX user=YYYYYY password=WWWWWWW")or die("Could not connect to db");

$result = pg_query($$result = pg_query($dbcommdbcomm,"SELECT * FROM test"),"SELECT * FROM test")or die("An error occured during the query");

$rows = pg_num_rows($result);pg_num_rows($result);$fields = pg_num_fields($result);pg_num_fields($result);

echo "rows = " . $rows . ", fields = " . $fields;

echo "<table border=\"1\">\n";

for($row_num = 0; $row_num < $rows; $row_num++){

$arr = pg_fetch_array($result);pg_fetch_array($result);

echo "<tr>\n";

for($field_num = 0; $field_num < $fields; $field_num++){

echo "<td>" . $$arrarr[$field_num][$field_num] . "</td>\n";}

echo "</tr>\n";}

echo "</table>\n";

pg_close($dbcomm);?>

Test it: Test it: http://www.students.http://www.students.cscs..uuuu..nlnl/~/~jvazquezjvazquez/DBtest2./DBtest2.phpphp

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$result = pg_query($$result = pg_query($dbcommdbcomm,"SELECT * FROM test"),"SELECT * FROM test")or die("An error occured during the query");

$rows = pg_num_rows($result);pg_num_rows($result);$fields = pg_num_fields($result);pg_num_fields($result);


echo "<table border=\"1\">\n";


$arr = pg_fetch_array($result);pg_fetch_array($result);

echo "<tr>\n";


echo "<td>" . $$arrarr[$field_num][$field_num] . "</td>\n";}

echo "</tr>\n";}

echo "</table>\n";



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$result = pg_query($dbcomm,"SELECT * FROM DemographyDemography")or die("An error occured during the query");

$rows = pg_num_rows($result);$fields = pg_num_fields($result);


echo "<table border=\"1\">\n";for($row_num = 0; $row_num < $rows; $row_num++){

$arr = pg_fetch_array($result);

echo "<tr>\n";


echo "<td>" . $arr[$field_num] . "</td>\n";}

echo "</tr>\n";}

echo "</table>\n";


Test it: Test it: http://www.students.http://www.students.cscs..uuuu..nlnl/~/~jvazquezjvazquez/DBtest2b./DBtest2b.phpphp

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$result = pg_query($dbcomm,"SELECT * FROM DemographyDemography")or die("An error occured during the query");



echo "<table border=\"1\">\n";for($row_num = 0; $row_num < $rows; $row_num++){


echo "<tr>\n";


echo "<td>" . $arr[$field_num] . "</td>\n";}

echo "</tr>\n";}

echo "</table>\n";


Test it: Test it: http://www.students.http://www.students.cscs..uuuu..nlnl/~/~jvazquezjvazquez/DBtest2b./DBtest2b.phpphp

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LPHP and PostgreSQL database (5/6)Accessing to row fields by name


dbname=XXXX user=YYYY password=WWWWWW")or die("Could not connect to db");

$result = pg_query($dbcomm,"SELECT * FROM test")or die("An error occured during the query");



echo "<table border=\"1\">\n";echo "<echo "<trtr> <> <thth>id</>id</thth> <> <thth>name</>name</thth> </> </trtr>";>";



echo "<tr>\n";

echo "<td>" . $$arrarr["id"]["id"] . "</td>\n";echo "<td>" . $$arrarr["name"]["name"] . "</td>\n";

echo "</tr>\n";}

echo "</table>\n";



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LPHP and PostgreSQL database (5/6)Accessing to row fields by name


dbname=XXXX user=YYYY password=WWWWWW")or die("Could not connect to db");

$result = pg_query($dbcomm,"SELECT * FROM test")or die("An error occured during the query");



echo "<table border=\"1\">\n";echo "<echo "<trtr> <> <thth>id</>id</thth> <> <thth>name</>name</thth> </> </trtr>";>";



echo "<tr>\n";

echo "<td>" . $$arrarr["id"]["id"] . "</td>\n";echo "<td>" . $$arrarr["name"]["name"] . "</td>\n";

echo "</tr>\n";}

echo "</table>\n";



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LPHP and PostgreSQL database (6/6)Adapting this to the assignment

dbdb--11

RETAILER 1RETAILER 1• Adapting the last example to

create a XML structure instead of a HTML table is straight-forward

– Place XML element tags instead of the HTML tabletags

• In the assignment you have to adapt it for each of the DB’s that you want to connect

XMLXML


dbdb--22


dbdb--33

VENDOR 1VENDOR 1

dbdb--44

VENDOR 2VENDOR 2

XMLXML

XMLXML

XMLXML

PHPPHP

XSLT

XSLT

XSLT

XSLT

PHPPHPXML

PHPPHP

PHPPHP

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PHP for XML parsing

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LPHP for XML parsing (1/9)Introduction

• PHP provides some library functions for XML parsing.

• This library functions are not part of the basic PHP library…

• … but an extension that is usually installed in most webservers

• The library allows to parse, but not validatebut not validate, XML documents.

• It supports three source character encodings: – US-ASCII, ISO-8859-1 and UTF-8. – UTF-16 is not supported.

• It is based on the creation of a parametrized parser, that the programmer can adapt within some limits.

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LPHP for XML parsing (2/9)catalog.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?><catalog>

<product> <name> Textil </name><manufacturer>

<mname> Bazar </mname><price> 19.99 </price><address> India </address>

</manufacturer></product><product>

<name> Red glass dragon </name><manufacturer>

<mname> Mirota </mname><price> 22.99 </price><address> Indonesia </address>

</manufacturer></product>

</catalog>

• As an example, we will use a simplified XML catalog– Products and

manufacturers.– All tags are different

(Adapted from example in eCommerce XML slides)(Adapted from example in eCommerce XML slides)

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LPHP for XML parsing (3/9)Setting the XML parser


<html><head>

<title>XML with PHP</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

</head><body><?php

echo "<table border=\"1\">";//Initialize Parser$parser=xml_parser_create();$parser=xml_parser_create();//Specify Handlers to start and ending tagxml_set_element_handler($parser, "start_tag", "end_tag");xml_set_element_handler($parser, "start_tag", "end_tag");//Data Handlerxml_set_character_data_handler($parser, "content_handler");xml_set_character_data_handler($parser, "content_handler");//Open the Data File $$fpfp==fopenfopen("catalog.xml", "r") ;("catalog.xml", "r") ;//read Datawhile ($data=freadfread($($fpfp, 4096), 4096)){

xml_parse($parser, $data,xml_parse($parser, $data,feoffeof($($fpfp)) or )) or diedie (sprintf("XML Error: %s at line %d",

xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($parser)),xml_get_current_line_number($parser)));

}xml_parser_free($parser)xml_parser_free($parser);echo "</table>";

function start_tag($parser, $tag_name, $attrs){

switch($tag_name){case "PRODUCT":

echo "<tr>";break;

case "NAME":echo "<td>";break;

case "MNAME":echo "<td>";break;

case "PRICE":echo "<td>";break;

case "ADDRESS":echo "<td>";

}}

function end_tag($parser, $tag_name){

switch($tag_name){case "PRODUCT":

echo "</tr>";break;

case "NAME":echo "</td>";break;

case "MNAME":echo "</td>";break;

case "PRICE":echo "</td>";break;

case "ADDRESS":echo "</td>";

}}

function content_handler($parser,$data){

echo $data;}

?></body></html>

(Adapted from PHP manual (Adapted from PHP manual [3]))Test it: Test it: http://www.students.http://www.students.cscs..uuuu..nlnl/~/~jvazquezjvazquez/xml2html./xml2html.phpphp

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LPHP for XML parsing (4/9)

• Problems– It doesn’t use DTD’s– It transforms the XML elements one by one, and in the order that

they appear• Highly dependent on the order of the tags

– If there is more than one tag with the same name• E.g., <product> <name> … and <manufacturer> <name>…

• Solution– Store the XML nodes in an intermediate structure, in memory

• PHP arrays.– Transform the PHP arrays in something else easier to handle

• PHP classes and objects.

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LPHP for XML parsing (5/9)moldb.xml

• We will start with a simplier XML file– A molecule database

• We parse the XML file, storing the contents in PHP associative arrays

• Then we transform the arrays in objects, for an easier use.

<?xml version="1.0"?><moldb>

<molecule><name>Alanine</name><symbol>ala</symbol><code>A</code><type>hydrophobic</type>

</molecule>

<molecule><name>Lysine</name><symbol>lys</symbol><code>K</code><type>charged</type>

</molecule>

</moldb>

(Adapted from PHP manual (Adapted from PHP manual [3]))

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LPHP for XML parsing (6/9)Improving the XML parser

(Adapted from PHP manual (Adapted from PHP manual [3]))Test it: Test it: http://www.students.http://www.students.cscs..uuuu..nlnl/~/~jvazquezjvazquez//parseMolDBparseMolDB..phpphp

<?php

classclass AminoAcidAminoAcid {{varvar $name; //$name; // aaaa namenamevarvar $symbol; // three letter symbol$symbol; // three letter symbolvarvar $code; // one letter code$code; // one letter codevarvar $type; // hydrophobic, charged or neutral$type; // hydrophobic, charged or neutral

functionfunction AminoAcidAminoAcid ($($aaaa)){{

foreachforeach ($($aaaa as $k=>$v)as $k=>$v)$this$this-->$k = $>$k = $aaaa[$k];[$k];

}}}}

function readDatabase($filename){

// read the XML database of aminoacids$data = implode("", file($filename));$parser = xml_parser_create();xml_parser_set_option($parser, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING, 0);xml_parser_set_option($parser, XML_OPTION_SKIP_WHITE, 1);xml_parse_into_struct($parser, $data, $values, $tags);xml_parser_free($parser);echo"<pre>"; //HTML pre-formatted text tagecho "\n\n***************************** Original XML file

**************************\n";echo " ------- (Use the 'View Page Source' option of

your browser) -------\n";print($data);echo "\n\n***************************** PHP values array

**************************\n";print_r($values);echo "\n\n***************************** PHP index array

**************************\n";print_r($tags);echo"</pre>";

// loop through the structuresforeach ($tags as $key=>$val) {

if ($key == "molecule") {$molranges = $val;// each contiguous pair of array entries are the// lower and upper range for each molecule definitionfor ($i=0; $i < count($molranges); $i+=2) {

$offset = $molranges[$i] + 1;$len = $molranges[$i + 1] - $offset;$tdb[] = parseMol(array_slice($values, $offset,

$len));}

} else {continue;

}}return $tdb;

}

function parseMol($mvalues){

for ($i=0; $i < count($mvalues); $i++) {$mol[$mvalues[$i]["tag"]] = $mvalues[$i]["value"];

}return newreturn new AminoAcidAminoAcid($mol)($mol);

}

$db = readDatabase("moldb.xml");echo"<pre>"; //HTML pre-formatted text tagecho "\n\n***************************** Final data structure **************************\n";print_r($db);echo"</pre>";?>

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LPHP for XML parsing (6/9)Improving the XML parser

************ PHP values array **************Array(

[0] => Array(

[tag] => moldb[type] => open[level] => 1

)

[1] => Array(

[tag] => molecule[type] => open[level] => 2

)

[2] => Array(

[tag] => name[type] => complete[level] => 3[value] => Alanine

)

[3] => Array(

[tag] => symbol[type] => complete[level] => 3[value] => ala

)

[4] => Array(

[tag] => code[type] => complete[level] => 3[value] => A

)

[5] => Array(

[tag] => type[type] => complete[level] => 3[value] => hydrophobic

)

[6] => Array(

[tag] => molecule[type] => close[level] => 2

)

*********** PHP index array *******Array(

[moldb] => Array(

[0] => 0[1] => 13

)

[molecule] => Array(

[0] => 1[1] => 6[2] => 7[3] => 12

)

[name] => Array(

[0] => 2[1] => 8

)

[symbol] => Array(

[0] => 3[1] => 9

)

[code] => Array(

[0] => 4[1] => 10

)

[type] => Array(

[0] => 5[1] => 11

)

)

********* Final data structure ********Array(

[0] => aminoacid Object(

[name] => Alanine[symbol] => ala[code] => A[type] => hydrophobic

)

[1] => aminoacid Object(

[name] => Lysine[symbol] => lys[code] => K[type] => charged

)

)

[7] => Array(

[tag] => molecule[type] => open[level] => 2

)

[8] => Array(

[tag] => name[type] => complete[level] => 3[value] => Lysine

)

[9] => Array(

[tag] => symbol[type] => complete[level] => 3[value] => lys

)

[10] => Array(

[tag] => code[type] => complete[level] => 3[value] => K

)

[11] => Array(

[tag] => type[type] => complete[level] => 3[value] => charged

)

[12] => Array(

[tag] => molecule[type] => close[level] => 2

)

[13] => Array(

[tag] => moldb[type] => close[level] => 1

)

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LPHP for XML parsing (7/9)Adapting the parser to our catalogAdapting the parser to our catalog

(Adapted from PHP manual (Adapted from PHP manual [3]))Test it: Test it: http://www.students.http://www.students.cscs..uuuu..nlnl/~/~jvazquezjvazquez//parseCatalogparseCatalog..phpphp

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1"></head><body><?php

class Product {class Product {varvar $name; // product name$name; // product namevarvar $$mnamemname; // manufacturer name; // manufacturer namevarvar $price; //$price; //varvar $address; // $address; //

function Product ($function Product ($aaaa)){{

foreachforeach ($($aaaa as $k=>$v)as $k=>$v){{if ($k!="manufacturer")if ($k!="manufacturer"){{$this$this-->$k = $>$k = $aaaa[$k];[$k];

}}} }

}}

}

function readDatabase($filename){

// read the XML database of aminoacids$data = implode("", file($filename));$parser = xml_parser_create();xml_parser_set_option($parser, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING, 0);xml_parser_set_option($parser, XML_OPTION_SKIP_WHITE, 1);xml_parse_into_struct($parser, $data, $values, $tags);xml_parser_free($parser);echo"<pre>"; //HTML pre-formatted text tagecho "\n\n***************************** Original XML file

**************************\n";echo " ------- (Use the 'View Page Source' option

of your browser) -------\n";print($data);echo "\n\n***************************** PHP values array

**************************\n";print_r($values);echo "\n\n***************************** PHP index array

**************************\n";print_r($tags);echo"</pre>";

// loop through the structuresforeach ($tags as $key=>$val) {

if ($key == "product""product") {$molranges = $val;// each contiguous pair of array entries are the// lower and upper range for each product definitionfor ($i=0; $i < count($molranges); $i+=2) {

$offset = $molranges[$i] + 1;$len = $molranges[$i + 1] - $offset;$tdb[] = parseMol(array_slice($values, $offset, $len));

}} else {

continue;}

}return $tdb;

}

function parseMol($mvalues){

for ($i=0; $i < count($mvalues); $i++) {$mol[$mvalues[$i]["tag"]] = $mvalues[$i]["value"];

}return new Product($mol);return new Product($mol);

}

functionfunction printAsTableprintAsTable($($aaaa)){{

echo "<table border=echo "<table border=\\"1"1\\">";">";

foreachforeach ($($aaaa as $k=>$v)as $k=>$v){{

print "<print "<trtr><td>" . $v><td>" . $v-->name . "</td><td>" . >name . "</td><td>" . $v$v-->>mnamemname . "</td><td>" . $v. "</td><td>" . $v-->price . "</td><td>" .>price . "</td><td>" .$v$v-->address . "</td></>address . "</td></trtr>";>";

} } echo"</table>"; echo"</table>";

}}

$db = readDatabase("catalog.xmlcatalog.xml");echo"<pre>"; //HTML pre-formatted text tagecho "\n\n***************************** Final data structure **************************\n";print_r($db);echo"</pre>";printAsTableprintAsTable($db);($db);

?> </body></html>

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LPHP for XML parsing (7/9) Adapting the parser to our catalogAdapting the parser to our catalog

***** PHP values array *********Array(

[0] => Array(

[tag] => catalog[type] => open[level] => 1

)

[1] => Array(

[tag] => product[type] => open[level] => 2

)

[2] => Array(

[tag] => name[type] => complete[level] => 3[value] => Textil

)

[3] => Array(

[tag] => manufacturer[type] => open[level] => 3

)

[4] => Array(

[tag] => mname[type] => complete[level] => 4[value] => Bazar

)

[5] => Array(

[tag] => price[type] => complete[level] => 4[value] => 19.99

)

[6] => Array(

[tag] => address[type] => complete[level] => 4[value] => India

)

[7] => Array(

[tag] => manufacturer[type] => close[level] => 3

)

[8] => Array(

[tag] => product[type] => close[level] => 2

)

[9] => Array(

[tag] => product[type] => open[level] => 2

)

[10] => Array(

[tag] => name[type] => complete[level] => 3[value] => Red glass dragon

)

[11] => Array(

[tag] => manufacturer[type] => open[level] => 3

)

[12] => Array(

[tag] => mname[type] => complete[level] => 4[value] => Mirota

)

[13] => Array(

[tag] => price[type] => complete[level] => 4[value] => 22.99

)

[14] => Array(

[tag] => address[type] => complete[level] => 4[value] => Indonesia

)

[15] => Array(

[tag] => manufacturer[type] => close[level] => 3

)

[16] => Array(

[tag] => product[type] => close[level] => 2

)

[17] => Array(

[tag] => catalog[type] => close[level] => 1

)

)

******* PHP index array *******Array(

[catalog] => Array(

[0] => 0[1] => 17

)

[product] => Array(

[0] => 1[1] => 8[2] => 9[3] => 16

)

[name] => Array(

[0] => 2[1] => 10

)

[manufacturer] => Array(

[0] => 3[1] => 7[2] => 11[3] => 15

)

[mname] => Array(

[0] => 4[1] => 12

)

[price] => Array(

[0] => 5[1] => 13

)

[address] => Array(

[0] => 6[1] => 14

)

)

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******************* Final data structure ******************Array(

[0] => product Object(

[name] => Textil [mname] => Bazar [price] => 19.99 [address] => India

)


[name] => Red glass dragon [mname] => Mirota [price] => 22.99 [address] => Indonesia

)

)

Textil Bazar 19.99 India

Red glass dragon Mirota 2.99 Indonesia

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******************* Final data structure ******************Array(


[name] => Textil [mname] => Bazar [price] => 19.99 [address] => India

)


[name] => Red glass dragon [mname] => Mirota [price] => 22.99 [address] => Indonesia

)

)

Textil Bazar 19.99 India

Red glass dragon Mirota 2.99 Indonesia

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LPHP for XML parsing (8/9)Some observations

• Problems– It still doesn’t use DTD’s– If there is more than one tag with the same name

• E.g., <product> <name> … and <client> <name>…– It is ignoring the tag <manufacturer>, placing its fields as

<product> fields.

• Further improvements– Keep track of the current position in the tree (the level, the name of the

elements) and use the full path as field name to solve tag ambiguity– Define a Manufacturer Class, and include it as a field of Product

• The Class structure is highly dependable on the XML structure to be parsed

– Generic Solution: create a DTD parser in PHP that gives as output the PHP code to parse the XML

• Too complex!

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LPHP for XML parsing (9/9)Adapting this to the assignment

• Parsing complex XML files is harder in PHP– The parser has to be adapted to the

XML structure• Why to use PHP for XML

parsing?– When you don’t have

control over the server and you can’t have a XSLT engine installed.

– The XML extension is usually installed in most webservers.

– The XSLT extension is hardly installed in the webservers.

• In the assignment you can decide which option (PHP/XSLT) to use.


HTMLHTMLXMLXML

XSLTXSLT

PHPPHP

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LUseful links

• HTML tutorial– [1] http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/#tutorials

• Internet Programming course slides (PHP,HTML,CSS,XML…)– [2] http://www.cs.uu.nl/docs/vakken/inp/iplectures.html

• PHP manual– [3] http://nl.php.net/

• PHP tutorial– [4] http://www.juicystudio.com/tutorial/php/index.asp

• PHP Coding Standard– [5] http://alltasks.net/code/php_coding_standard.html

• PHP and PostgreSQL functions– [6] http://nl.php.net/manual/en/ref.pgsql.php

• PostgreSQL documentation– [7a] http://www.cs.uu.nl/sw/pkg/postgresql/doc/– [7b] http://www.postgresql.org/

• PHP and XML functions– [8] http://nl.php.net/manual/en/ref.xml.php

To download the source files of the examples:To download the source files of the examples:http://www.http://www.cscs..uuuu..nlnl/people//people/javierjavier/teaching/PHP/teaching/PHP--lesles--files.zipfiles.zip

http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/#tutorials

http://www.cs.uu.nl/docs/vakken/inp/iplectures.html

http://nl.php.net/

http://www.juicystudio.com/tutorial/php/index.asp

http://alltasks.net/code/php_coding_standard.html

http://nl.php.net/manual/en/ref.pgsql.php

http://www.cs.uu.nl/sw/pkg/postgresql/doc/

http://www.postgresql.org/

http://nl.php.net/manual/en/ref.xml.php

Documents

eCommerce Course: PHP, PostgreSQL & XML