E/CN.15/2001/3 Distr.: General · E/CN.15/2001/3 Distr.: General 2 April 2001 Russian Original: English V.01-82439 (R) 200401 040501 ````` ˘ ˇ ˆ ˘ ˘˙ ˘ ˘ ˆ

�� E/CN.15/2001/3

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D is tr. : G e n e r a l2 A p r i l 2 0 0 1

R u s s ia nO r ig in a l : E n g l i s h

V.01-82439 (R) 200401 040501

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<_gZ� �±�� fZy �� ]h^Z

Imgdl � ij_^\Zjbl_evghc ih\_kldb ^gy

F_`^mgZjh^gh_ khljm^gbq_kl\h b [hjv[Z

k ljZgkgZpbhgZevghc ij_klmighklvx

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GZklhysbc ^hdeZ^ ih^]hlh\e_g \h bkiheg_gb_ j_ahexpbb �� hl

4 ^_dZ[jy �� ]h^Z� \ dhlhjhc =_g_jZevgZy :kkZf[e_y ijbagZeZ

p_e_khh[jZaghklv jZajZ[hldb wnn_dlb\gh]h f_`^mgZjh^gh±ijZ\h\h]h ^hdmf_glZ

ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb�

< j_ahexpbb �� =_g_jZevgZy :kkZf[e_y ijhkbeZ =_g_jZevgh]h k_dj_lZjy

ih^]hlh\blv ^hdeZ^� kh^_j`Zsbc ZgZeba \k_o khhl\_lkl\mxsbo f_`^mgZjh^gh±

ijZ\h\uo b ^jm]bo ^hdmf_glh\ b j_dhf_g^Zpbc� dZkZxsboky dhjjmipbb� Z lZd`_

ijhkbeZ Dhfbkkbx ih ij_^mij_`^_gbx ij_klmighklb b m]heh\ghfm ijZ\hkm^bx

gZ __ ^_kylhc k_kkbb jZkkfhlj_lv b ijhZgZebabjh\Zlv wlhl ^hdeZ^ b gZ wlhc

hkgh\_ knhjfmebjh\Zlv j_dhf_g^Zpbb b jmdh\h^ysb_ mdZaZgby \ hlghr_gbb

[m^ms_c jZ[hlu ih ih^]hlh\d_ ijZ\h\h]h ^hdmf_glZ ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb�

Djhf_ lh]h� :kkZf[e_y ijhkbeZ =_g_jZevgh]h k_dj_lZjy kha\Zlv

f_ìjZ\bl_evkl\_ggmx ]jmiim wdki_jlh\ hldjulh]h khklZ\Z êy jZkkfhlj_gby b

ih^]hlh\db ± gZ hkgh\_ ^hdeZ^Z =_g_jZevgh]h k_dj_lZjy b j_dhf_g^Zpbc

Dhfbkkbb� knhjfmebjh\Zgguo gZ __ ^_kylhc k_kkbb� ± ijh_dlZ fZg^ZlZ gZ

jZajZ[hldm [m^ms_]h ijZ\h\h]h ^hdmf_glZ ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb�

* E / C N / 1 5 /2 0 0 1 /1 .

2

E/CN/15/2001/3

�� Imgdlu Klj�

I . <\_^_gb_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 7 4

I I . H[ahj f_`^mgZjh^gh±ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glh\� dZkZxsboky dhjjmipbb . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 3 3 4

A . Hj]ZgbaZpby H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 – 1 2 4

B . Kh\_l ?\jhiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 – 1 6 5

C . ?\jhi_ckdbc khxa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 – 2 7 5

D . Hj]ZgbaZpby Zf_jbdZgkdbo ]hkm^Zjkl\ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 – 2 9 7

E . Hj]ZgbaZpby wdhghfbq_kdh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z b jZa\blby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0 – 3 3 7

I I I . KjZ\gbl_evguc ZgZeba hkgh\guo iheh`_gbc f_`^mgZjh^gh±ijZ\h\uo

^hdmf_glh\� dZkZxsboky dhjjmipbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 – 1 2 7 8

A . Bkihevah\Zgb_ l_jfbgh\ �beb hij_^_e_gby� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 – 4 2 8

B . DjbfbgZebaZpby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 – 5 4 9

C . Hl\_lkl\_gghklv xjb^bq_kdbo ebp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5 – 6 0 11

D . F_ju b kZgdpbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1 – 6 5 1 2

E . Ij_^mij_`^_gb_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6 – 7 0 1 3

F . Xjbk^bdpby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 – 8 0 1 3

G . F_`^mgZjh^gh_ khljm^gbq_kl\h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 – 9 5 1 5

H . Dhgljhev aZ hkms_kl\e_gb_f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6 – 1 0 9 1 7

I . >jm]b_ f_ju . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 0 – 1 2 7 1 9

IV . J_dhf_g^Zpbb b ^jm]b_ ^hdmf_glu� dZkZxsb_ky dhjjmipbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 – 1 9 1 2 2

A . Hj]ZgbaZpby H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 8 – 1 4 8 2 2

1 . F_`^mgZjh^guc dh^_dk ih\_^_gby ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo ^he`ghklguo ebp . . 1 2 8 – 1 3 0 2 2

2 . >_deZjZpby Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c b

\aylhqgbq_kl\hf \ f_`^mgZjh^guo dhff_jq_kdbo hi_jZpbyo . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 1 – 1 3 5 2 2

3 . <u\hû b j_dhf_g^Zpbb Kh\_sZgby =jmiiu wdki_jlh\ ih ijh[e_f_

dhjjmipbb b __ nbgZgkh\uf dZgZeZf� khklhy\r_]hky \ IZjb`_

3 0 fZjlZ - 1 Zij_ey �� ]h^Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 6 – 1 4 0 2 3

4 . F_ju ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb �j_ahexpby �� =_g_jZevghc :kkZf[e_b� . . . . 1 4 1 – 1 4 3 2 4

5 . >hdeZ^ ^_kylh]h Dhg]j_kkZ Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ih

ij_^mij_`^_gbx ij_klmighklb b h[jZs_gbx k ijZ\hgZjmrbl_eyfb . . . . . 1 4 4 – 1 4 8 2 4

B . >jm]b_ f_ìjZ\bl_evkl\_ggu_ hj]ZgbaZpbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 9 – 1 6 2 2 5

1 . Kh\_l ?\jhiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 9 – 1 5 9 2 5

2 . Hj]ZgbaZpby wdhghfbq_kdh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z b jZa\blby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 0 – 1 6 2 2 6

3

E/CN.15/2001/3

C . >jm]b_ mqj_`^_gby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 3 – 1 9 1 2 7

1 . ;Za_evkdbc dhfbl_l ih [Zgdh\kdhfm dhgljhex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 3 – 1 6 6 2 7

2 . P_e_\Zy ]jmiiZ ih nbgZgkh\uf f_jhijbylbyf êy [hjv[u k hlfu\Zgb_f

^_g_] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 7 – 1 7 1 2 7

3 . =eh[ZevgZy dhZebpby êy :njbdb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 2 – 1 8 0 2 8

4 . =eh[Zevguc nhjmf ih [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 1 – 1 8 8 2 9

5 . =jmiiZ \hkvfb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 9 – 1 9 1 3 1

V . <hijhk g_e_]Zevgh i_j_\h^bfuo kj_^kl\ b j_iZljbZpbb lZdbo kj_^kl\ \ kljZgu

bo ijhbkoh`^_gby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 2 – 2 0 8 3 1

A . IjZdlbq_kdb_ \hijhku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 7 – 1 9 8 3 2

B . Iheblbq_kdb_ \hijhku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 9 – 2 0 0 3 2

C . IjZ\h\u_ \hijhku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 1 – 2 0 8 3 2

V I . <u\hû . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 9 – 2 1 4 3 3

Ijbeh`_gby

I . Kms_kl\mxsb_ f_`^mgZjh^gh±ijZ\h\u_ ^hdmf_glu ih dhjjmipbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 0

I I . J_dhf_g^Zpbb b ^jm]b_ ^hdmf_glu ih dhjjmipbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5

4

E/CN/15/2001/3

I. ��

1 . < k\h_c j_ahexpbb �� hl � ^_dZ[jy �� ]h�

^Z =_g_jZevgZy :kkZf[e_y ijbagZeZ p_e_khh[jZa�

ghklv jZajZ[hldb wnn_dlb\gh]h f_`^mgZjh^gh±ijZ�

\h\h]h ^hdmf_glZ ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb b ihklZgh\beZ

ijbklmiblv d jZajZ[hld_ lZdh]h ^hdmf_glZ \ rlZ[±

d\Zjlbj_ P_gljZ ih f_`^mgZjh^ghfm ij_^mij_`�

^_gbx ij_klmighklb MijZ\e_gby ih dhgljhex gZ^

gZjdhlbdZfb b ij_^mij_`^_gbx ij_klmighklb \

<_g_�

2 . =_g_jZevgZy :kkZf[e_y ijhkbeZ =_g_jZevgh]h

k_dj_lZjy ih^]hlh\blv ^hdeZ^� kh^_j`Zsbc ZgZeba

\k_o khhl\_lkl\mxsbo f_`^mgZjh^gh±ijZ\h\uo b

^jm]bo ^hdmf_glh\ b j_dhf_g^Zpbc� dZkZxsboky

dhjjmipbb� b ijhkbeZ Dhfbkkbx ih ij_^mij_`^_�

gbx ij_klmighklb b m]heh\ghfm ijZ\hkm^bx gZ __

^_kylhc k_kkbb jZkkfhlj_lv b ijhZgZebabjh\Zlv wlhl

^hdeZ^ b gZ wlhc hkgh\_ knhjfmebjh\Zlv j_dhf_g^Z�

pbb b jmdh\h^ysb_ mdZaZgby \ hlghr_gbb [m^ms_c

jZ[hlu ih ih^]hlh\d_ ijZ\h\h]h ^hdmf_glZ ijhlb\

dhjjmipbb�

3 . Djhf_ lh]h� :kkZf[e_y ijhkbeZ =_g_jZevgh]h

k_dj_lZjy kha\Zlv f_ìjZ\bl_evkl\_ggmx ]jmiim

wdki_jlh\ hldjulh]h khklZ\Z êy jZkkfhlj_gby b

ih^]hlh\db – gZ hkgh\_ ^hdeZ^Z =_g_jZevgh]h k_dj_�lZjy b j_dhf_g^Zpbc Dhfbkkbb� knhjfmebjh\Zgguo

gZ __ ^_kylhc k_kkbb� ± ijh_dlZ fZg^ZlZ gZ jZajZ[hl�

dm [m^ms_]h ijZ\h\h]h ^hdmf_glZ ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb�

4 . < k\h_c j_ahexpbb �� hl �� ^_dZ[jy

2 0 0 0 ]h^Z� haZ]eZ\e_gghc �Ij_^mij_`^_gb_ dhjjmi�

pbb b g_aZdhggh]h i_j_\h^Z kj_^kl\ b [hjv[Z k gbfb

b j_iZljbZpby g_aZdhggh i_j_\_^_gguo kj_^kl\ \

kljZgu ijhbkoh`^_gby�� =_g_jZevgZy :kkZf[e_y

ij_êh`beZ kha\Zgghc kh]eZkgh j_ahexpbb 5 5 /6 1f_ìjZ\bl_evkl\_gghc ]jmii_ wdki_jlh\ hldjulh]h

khklZ\Z gZ wlhc `_ hkgh\_ bamqblv \hijhk h g_aZdhg�

gh i_j_\h^bfuo kj_^kl\Zo b j_iZljbZpbb lZdbo

kj_^kl\ \ kljZgu ijhbkoh`^_gby�

5 . <h bkiheg_gb_ ijhkv[u� kh^_j`Zs_cky \ j_ah�

expbb �� ijh_dl gZklhys_]h ^hdeZ^Z [ue ij_^�

klZ\e_g gZ jZkkfhlj_gb_ f_`k_kkbhggh]h kh\_sZgby

Dhfbkkbb �� n_\jZey �� ]h^Z� k l_f qlh[u ]hkm�

^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu kfh]eb ij_^klZ\blv aZf_qZgby Dh�

fbkkbb ^h gZqZeZ __ ^_kylhc k_kkbb�

6 . < ijhp_kk_ ih^]hlh\db ^hdeZ^Z [ueb mql_gu

lZd`_ j_amevlZlu dhgkmevlZpbc k khhl\_lkl\mxsbfb

f_ìjZ\bl_evkl\_ggufb hj]ZgbaZpbyfb� aZf_qZgby

dhlhjuo hljZ`_gu \ l_dkl_�

7 . < p_eyo kh^_ckl\by jZ[hl_ Dhfbkkbb b f_`�

ijZ\bl_evkl\_gghc ]jmiiu wdki_jlh\ hldjulh]h khk�

lZ\Z� dhlhjZy [m^_l aZgbfZlvky ih^]hlh\dhc ijh_dlZ

kn_ju ho\ZlZ i_j_]h\hjh\ h [m^ms_f ijZ\h\hf ^hdm�

f_gl_ ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb� K_dj_lZjbZl ih^]hlh\be

^\_ lZ[ebpu� \ dhlhjuo djZldh baeZ]Zxlky hkgh\gu_

dhfihg_glu kms_kl\mxsbo f_`^mgZjh^gh±ijZ\h�

\uo ^hdmf_glh\� Z lZd`_ j_dhf_g^Zpbc b ^jm]bo

^hdmf_glh\� dZkZxsboky dhjjmipbb �kf� ijbeh`_�

gby , b ,,� khhl\_lkl\_ggh��

II. !"�� #�� #��

8 . < l_q_gb_ ihke_^g_]h ^_kylbe_lby ih^ w]b^hc

jZaebqguo f_ìjZ\bl_evkl\_gguo hj]ZgbaZpbc [u�

eh ih^]hlh\e_gh g_kdhevdh ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glh\�

dZkZxsboky dhjjmipbb� ;hevrbgkl\h ba gbo _s_ g_

\klmibeh \ kbem1.

9 . Ihke_ djZldh]h h[ahjZ wlbo ^hdmf_glh\ ijb�

\h^blky kjZ\gbl_evguc ZgZeba bo hkgh\guo iheh�

`_gbc�

$� �� " �� !%��#�& ��

1 0 . < k\h_c j_ahexpbb �� hl �� ^_dZ[jy

1 9 9 9 ]h^Z =_g_jZevgZy :kkZf[e_y ihjmqbeZ Ki_�

pbZevghfm dhfbl_lm ih jZajZ[hld_ dhg\_gpbb ijh�

lb\ ljZgkgZpbhgZevghc hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmigh�

klb \dexqblv \ l_dkl ijh_dlZ dhg\_gpbb f_ju ih

[hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c� k\yaZgghc k hj]Zgbah\Zgghc

ij_klmighklvx� \ lhf qbke_ iheh`_gby� dZkZxsb_ky

gZdZaZgby aZ Zdlu dhjjmipbb k mqZklb_f ]hkm^Zjkl�

\_gguo ^he`ghklguo ebp� Dhg\_gpby Hj]ZgbaZpbb

H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ijhlb\ ljZgkgZpbhgZevghc

hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmighklb ��Dhg\_gpby Hj]Zgb�

aZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc�� ijbgylZy =_g_jZev�

ghc :kkZf[e__c \ __ j_ahexpbb �� hl �� ghy[jy

2 0 0 0 ]h^Z b hldjulZy êy ihîbkZgby k �� ih �� ^_�

dZ[jy �� ]h^Z \ IZe_jfh� BlZeby2 � kh^_j`bl jy^

iheh`_gbc� dZkZxsboky dhjjmipbb�

5

E/CN.15/2001/3

11 . Dhg\_gpby Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc

ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l� \ qZklghklb� djbfbgZebaZpbx dhj�

jmipbb im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp� ijbgylb_ lZ�

dbo f_j� dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f qlh[u

ijbagZlv \ dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZam_fh]h mqZklb_ \

dZq_kl\_ khh[sgbdZ \ kh\_jr_gbb lZdh]h ij_klmie_�

gby� hl\_lkl\_gghklv xjb^bq_kdbo ebp� kh\_jrZ�

xsbo ih^dmi im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp� ijbgy�

lb_ f_j êy ij_^mij_`^_gby b \uy\e_gby dhjjmipbb

kj_^b im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp b gZdZaZgby aZ

g__� kh^_ckl\b_ ijbf_g_gbx dhgp_ipbb �^h[jhkh�

\_klghklb� im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp b ij_^h�

klZ\e_gby ^hklZlhqghc g_aZ\bkbfhklb dhfi_l_gl�

guf hj]ZgZf \ bo ^_yl_evghklb ih ij_^mij_`^_gbx

b \uy\e_gbx dhjjmipbb kj_^b im[ebqguo ^he`ghkl�

guo ebp b gZdZaZgbx aZ g__�

1 2 . Dhg\_gpby \klmibl \ kbem gZ ��c ^_gv ihke_

^Zlu k^Zqb gZ ojZg_gb_ khjhdh\hc jZlbnbdZpbhgghc

]jZfhlu beb ^hdmf_glZ h ijbgylbb� ml\_j`^_gbb

beb ijbkh_^bg_gbb�

�� '��

1 3 . < ghy[j_ �� ]h^Z Dhfbl_l fbgbkljh\ Kh\_lZ

?\jhiu ijbgye l_dkl Dhg\_gpbb h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_l�

kl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx ��Dhg\_gpby Kh\_lZ ?\jh�

iu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb�� b ihklZgh\be

hldjulv __ êy ihîbkZgby ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb – qe_gZfbKh\_lZ ?\jhiu b g_ y\eyxsbfbky _]h qe_gZfb ]hkm�

^Zjkl\Zfb� dhlhju_ ijbgbfZeb mqZklb_ \ i_j_]h\h�

jZo� �� yg\Zjy �� ]h^Z3.

1 4 . Dhg\_gpby \klmibl \ kbem ihke_ k^Zqb gZ ojZ�

g_gb_ q_lujgZ^pZlhc jZlbnbdZpbhgghc ]jZfhlu4.

1 5 . Dhg\_gpby Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h ]jZ`^Zgkdh±ijZ�

\h\hc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx ��Dhg\_gpby

Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h ]jZ`^Zgkdh±ijZ\h\hc hl\_lkl\_g�

ghklb�� ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc i_j\mx ihiuldm hij_^_�

eblv h[sb_ f_`^mgZjh^gu_ ghjfu \ h[eZklb ]jZ`�

^Zgkdh]h ijZ\Z b dhjjmipbb� < Dhg\_gpbb kh^_j`bl�

ky lj_[h\Zgb_ h lhf� qlh[u dZ`^Zy klhjhgZ h[_ki_�

qbeZ \ k\h_f \gmlj_gg_f aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_ wnn_d�

lb\gu_ kj_^kl\Z ijZ\h\hc aZsblu êy ebp� dhlhju_

ihg_keb ms_j[ \ j_amevlZl_ dhjjmipbb� k l_f qlh[u

hgb fh]eb aZsblblv k\hb ijZ\Z b bgl_j_ku� \dexqZy

\hafh`ghklv ihemq_gby dhfi_gkZpbb aZ ms_j[�

1 6 . Dhg\_gpby [ueZ hldjulZ êy ihîbkZgby ]hkm�

^Zjkl\Zfb±qe_gZfb b g_ y\eyxsbfbky qe_gZfb

Kh\_lZ ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb� dhlhju_ ijbgbfZeb mqZklb_ \

__ ih^]hlh\d_� Z lZd`_ ?\jhi_ckdbf khh[s_kl\hf

4 ghy[jy �� ]h^Z� HgZ \klmibl \ kbem ihke_ k^Zqb

gZ ojZg_gb_ q_lujgZ^pZlhc jZlbnbdZpbhgghc ]jZ�

fhlu5.

�� '��"

1 7 . Dhg\_gpby h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\

?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\� jZajZ[hlZggZy gZ hkgh\_

klZlvb D�� >h]h\hjZ h ?\jhi_ckdhf khxa_ ��Dhg\_g�

pby ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_�

j_kh\�� ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc i_j\h_ kh]eZr_gb_ \

khhl\_lkl\bb k jZa^_ehf V I >h]h\hjZ h ?\jhi_ckdhfkhxa_ �iheh`_gby h khljm^gbq_kl\_ ihebp_ckdbo b

km^_[guo hj]Zgh\ ih m]heh\guf ^_eZf�� \ dhlhjhf

jZkkfZljb\Zxlky \hijhku h fhr_ggbq_kdbo hi_jZ�

pbyo� gZghkysbo ms_j[ [x^`_lm ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[�

s_kl\� Dhg\_gpby gZijZ\e_gZ gZ aZsblm nbgZgkh�

\uo bgl_j_kh\ ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\ b ijbau\Z_l

h[_ki_qblv m]heh\gh_ ij_ke_^h\Zgb_ aZ fhr_ggb�

q_kdb_ ^_ckl\by� ijbqbgyxsb_ ms_j[ lZdbf bgl_j_�

kZf� Z lZd`_ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l êy wlbo p_e_c ijbgy�

lb_ _^bgh]h hij_^_e_gby lZdbo ^_ckl\bc�

1 8 . Dhg\_gpby [ueZ ijbgylZ Kh\_lhf ?\jhi_c�

kdh]h khxaZ �� bxey 1 9 9 5 ]h^Z� < khhl\_lkl\bb kh

klZlv_c �� Dhg\_gpby ihê_`bl ijbgylbx ]hkm^Zj�

kl\Zfb±qe_gZfb kh]eZkgh bo khhl\_lkl\mxsbf dhg�

klblmpbhgguf lj_[h\Zgbyf� =hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu m\_�

^hfeyxl =_g_jZevgh]h k_dj_lZjy Kh\_lZ h aZ\_jr_�

gbb dhgklblmpbhgguo ijhp_^mj� k\yaZgguo k ijbgy�

lb_f Dhg\_gpbb� dhlhjZy \klmiZ_l \ kbem q_j_a

9 0 ^g_c ihke_ ihemq_gby hl ihke_^g_]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gZ lZdh]h m\_^hfe_gby h aZ\_jr_gbb nhjfZevguo

ijhp_^mj6.

1 9 . Ijhlhdhe d Dhg\_gpbb h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo

bgl_j_kh\� jZajZ[hlZgguc gZ hkgh\_ klZlvb D�� >h�

]h\hjZ h ?\jhi_ckdhf khxa_ ��I_j\uc ijhlhdhe d

Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh�

\uo bgl_j_kh\�� [ue jZajZ[hlZg \ dZq_kl\_ ^hdm�

f_glZ� ^hihegyxs_]h Dhg\_gpbx êy mkbe_gby aZ�

sblu nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[�

s_kl\� < Ijhlhdhe_ ij_`^_ \k_]h jZkkfZljb\Zxlky

Zdlu dhjjmipbb� \ dhlhjuo mqZkl\mxl ^he`ghklgu_

ebpZ hl^_evguo kljZg b khh[s_kl\Z� Z lZd`_ ms_j[

beb \_jhylguc ms_j[ nbgZgkh\uf bgl_j_kZf ?\jh�

i_ckdbo khh[s_kl\�

6

E/CN/15/2001/3

2 0 . Ijhlhdhe [ue ijbgyl Kh\_lhf ?\jhi_ckdh]h

khxaZ �� k_gly[jy ��6 ]h^Z� < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZ�

lv_c � Ijhlhdhe ihê_`bl ijbgylbx ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±

qe_gZfb kh]eZkgh bo khhl\_lkl\mxsbf dhgklblm�

pbhgguf lj_[h\Zgbyf� =hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu m\_^hf�

eyxl =_g_jZevgh]h k_dj_lZjy Kh\_lZ h aZ\_jr_gbb

ijhp_^mj� g_h[oh^bfuo kh]eZkgh bo khhl\_lkl\m�

xsbf dhgklblmpbhgguf ghjfZf êy ijbgylby

IjhlhdheZ� dhlhjuc \klmiZ_l \ kbem q_j_a �� ^g_c

ihke_ ihemq_gby m\_^hfe_gby hl ]hkm^Zjkl\Z� dh�

lhjh_ y\eyehkv qe_ghf ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ gZ ^Zlm

ijbgylby Kh\_lhf ZdlZ h[ ml\_j`^_gbb IjhlhdheZ b

dhlhjh_ ihke_^gbf aZ\_jrbeh lZdb_ nhjfZevgu_

ijhp_^mju� ?keb gZ wlm ^Zlm Dhg\_gpby g_ \klmibl \

kbem� lh Ijhlhdhe \klmiZ_l \ kbem \ ^Zlm \klmie_gby

\ kbem Dhg\_gpbb7.

2 1 . <lhjhc ijhlhdhe d Dhg\_gpbb h aZsbl_ nbgZg�

kh\uo bgl_j_kh\ ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\� jZajZ[h�

lZgguc gZ hkgh\_ klZlvb D�� >h]h\hjZ h ?\jhi_c�

kdhf khxa_ ��<lhjhc ijhlhdhe d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jh�

i_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\��

ihk\ys_g� \ qZklghklb� \hijhkZf hl\_lkl\_gghklb

xjb^bq_kdbo ebp� dhgnbkdZpbb� hlfu\Zgby ^_g_] b

khljm^gbq_kl\Z f_`^m ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±qe_gZfb b

?\jhi_ckdhc dhfbkkb_c \ p_eyo aZsblu nbgZgkh\uo

bgl_j_kh\ ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\ b aZsblu k\yaZg�

guo k wlbf ebqguo ^Zgguo�

2 2 . <lhjhc Ijhlhdhe [ue ijbgyl Kh\_lhf �� bxgy

1 9 9 7 ]h^Z� < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c �� Ijhlhdhe

ihê_`bl ijbgylbx ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±qe_gZfb kh]eZ�

kgh bo khhl\_lkl\mxsbf dhgklblmpbhgguf lj_[h\Z�

gbyf� =hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu m\_^hfeyxl =_g_jZevgh]h

k_dj_lZjy Kh\_lZ h aZ\_jr_gbb ijhp_^mj� g_h[oh^b�

fuo kh]eZkgh bo khhl\_lkl\mxsbf dhgklblmpbhg�

guf ghjfZf êy ijbgylby IjhlhdheZ� dhlhjuc

\klmiZ_l \ kbem q_j_a �� ^g_c ihke_ ihemq_gby m\_�

^hfe_gby hl ]hkm^Zjkl\Z� dhlhjh_ y\eyehkv qe_ghf

?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ gZ ^Zlm ijbgylby Kh\_lhf ZdlZ

h[ ml\_j`^_gbb IjhlhdheZ b dhlhjh_ ihke_^gbf

aZ\_jrbeh lZdb_ nhjfZevgu_ ijhp_^mju� ?keb gZ

wlm ^Zlm Dhg\_gpby g_ \klmibl \ kbem� lh Ijhlhdhe

\klmiZ_l \ kbem \ ^Zlm \klmie_gby \ kbem Dhg�

\_gpbb8.

2 3 . Dhg\_gpby h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c kj_^b ^he`�

ghklguo ebp ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\ beb ^he`ghkl�

guo ebp ]hkm^Zjkl\ – qe_gh\ ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ�

jZajZ[hlZggZy gZ hkgh\_ klZlvb D�� k� >h]h\hjZ

h ?\jhi_ckdhf khxa_ ��Dhg\_gpby ?\jhi_ckdh]h

khxaZ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c�� [ueZ jZajZ[hlZgZ êy

h[_ki_q_gby djbfbgZebaZpbb \k_o ^_ygbc� k\yaZg�

guo k dhjjmipb_c kj_^b ^he`ghklguo ebp Khh[s_�

kl\Z beb ^he`ghklguo ebp ]hkm^Zjkl\±qe_gh\� Z g_

lhevdh ^_ygbc� dhlhju_ k\yaZgu k fhr_ggbq_kl\hf�

ijbqbgyxsbf ms_j[ nbgZgkh\uf bgl_j_kZf ?\jh�

i_ckdbo khh[s_kl\� >h ijbgylby Dhg\_gpbb m]h�

eh\gh_ ijZ\h [hevrbgkl\Z ]hkm^Zjkl\±qe_gh\ g_

ij_^mkfZljb\Zeh djbfbgZebaZpbb ^_ygbc� gZijZ\�

e_gguo gZ ih^dmi ^he`ghklguo ebp ^jm]bo ]hkm�

^Zjkl\±qe_gh\� ^Z`_ _keb hgb bf_eb f_klh gZ bo

kh[kl\_gghc l_jjblhjbb b \ wlhf mqZkl\h\Zeb bo

]jZ`^Zg_� < lhl fhf_gl� dh]^Z kblmZpby gZqZeZ \uau�

\Zlv ih\ur_ggh_ [_kihdhckl\h� Kh\_l aZgbfZeky

jZajZ[hldhc I_j\h]h ijhlhdheZ d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jh�

i_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\� L_f

g_ f_g__ k mq_lhf ij_^f_lZ kZfhc Dhg\_gpbb

Ijhlhdhe fh] kh^_j`Zlv lhevdh lj_[h\Zgb_ h lhf�

qlh[u ]hkm^Zjkl\Z ijbagZeb gZdZam_fufb ^_ygby�

k\yaZggu_ k fhr_ggbq_kdbfb ^_ckl\byfb� gZghky�

sbfb ms_j[ nbgZgkh\uf bgl_j_kZf ?\jhi_ckdbo

khh[s_kl\� Ohly Dhg\_gpby h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c

kj_^b ^he`ghklguo ebp ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\ beb

^he`ghklguo ebp ]hkm^Zjkl\ – qe_gh\ ?\jhi_ckdh]hkhxaZ \ agZqbl_evghc kl_i_gb hkgh\ZgZ gZ iheh`_�

gbyo b hij_^_e_gbyo� dhlhju_ [ueb kh]eZkh\Zgu

^_e_]Zpbyfb \ oh^_ jZg__ khklhy\rboky h[km`^_gbc

ih Ijhlhdhem� hgZ y\ey_lky kZfhklhyl_evguf f_`^m�

gZjh^gh±ijZ\h\uf ^hdmf_glhf� \ dhlhjhf jZkkfZl�

jb\Zxlky \k_ ^_ygby� k\yaZggu_ k dhjjmipb_c kj_^b

^he`ghklguo ebp Khh[s_kl\Z beb ]hkm^Zjkl\±

qe_gh\9.

2 4 . Kh\_l ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ ijbgye wlm Dhg\_g�

pbx �� fZy �� ]h^Z� < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c 1 3Dhg\_gpby ihê_`bl ijbgylbx ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±qe_�

gZfb kh]eZkgh bo khhl\_lkl\mxsbf dhgklblmpbhg�

guf lj_[h\Zgbyf� =hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu m\_^hfeyxl

=_g_jZevgh]h k_dj_lZjy Kh\_lZ ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ

h aZ\_jr_gbb ijhp_^mj� g_h[oh^bfuo kh]eZkgh bo

khhl\_lkl\mxsbf dhgklblmpbhgguf lj_[h\Zgbyf

êy ijbgylby Dhg\_gpbb� dhlhjZy \klmiZ_l \ kbem

q_j_a 9 0 ^g_c ihke_ ihemq_gby m\_^hfe_gby hl

ihke_^g_]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gZ� aZ\_jrb\r_]h lZdb_

nhjfZevgu_ ijhp_^mju10.

2 5 . Kh\f_klgu_ ^_ckl\by \ hlghr_gbb dhjjmipbb

\ qZklghf k_dlhj_ hl �� ^_dZ[jy �� ]h^Z� ijbgylu_

Kh\_lhf gZ hkgh\_ klZlvb D�� >h]h\hjZ h ?\jhi_c�

kdhf khxa_ ��Kh\f_klgu_ ^_ckl\by ?\jhi_ckdh]h

khxaZ�� gZijZ\e_gu� \ qZklghklb� gZ [hjv[m k

7

E/CN.15/2001/3

dhjjmipb_c \ qZklghf k_dlhj_ gZ f_`^mgZjh^ghf

mjh\g_�

2 6 . < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c �� Kh\f_klgu_ ^_c�

kl\by ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ \klmiZxl \ kbem k ^Zlu

bo im[ebdZpbb \ O ffic ia l J o u r n a l �l�_� �� ^_dZ[jy

1 9 9 8 ]h^Z�� Ih \hijhkm h[ hkms_kl\e_gbb \ klZlv_ 8Kh\f_klguo ^_ckl\bc ij_^mkfZljb\Z_lky� qlh dZ`�

^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±qe_g \ l_q_gb_ ^\mo e_l ihke_

\klmie_gby Kh\f_klguo ^_ckl\bc \ kbem \u^\b]Z_l

khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ ij_êh`_gby ih bo hkms_kl\e_�

gbx gZ jZkkfhlj_gb_ dhfi_l_glguo hj]Zgh\ \ p_eyo

bo ijbgylby� Ihke_ wlh]h Kh\_l gZ hkgh\_ khhl\_l�

kl\mxs_c bgnhjfZpbb ijh\h^bl hp_gdm \uiheg_gby

]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±qe_gZfb k\hbo h[yaZl_evkl\ \ khhl�

\_lkl\bb k Kh\f_klgufb ^_ckl\byfb g_ iha^g__

lj_o e_l ihke_ bo \klmie_gby \ kbem�

2 7 . < ^_deZjZpbb� kh^_j`Zs_cky \ ij_êh`_gbb d

Kh\f_klguf ^_ckl\byf ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ� hlf_�

qZ_lky� qlh wlhl ^hdmf_gl y\ey_lky i_j\uf rZ]hf� Z

lZd`_ mdZau\Z_lky� qlh k mq_lhf j_amevlZlh\ hp_gdb�

dhlhjZy [m^_l ijh\_^_gZ Kh\_lhf ^h dhgpZ �� ]h^Z�

gZ [he__ iha^g_f wlZi_ [m^ml ijbgylu ^Zevg_crb_

f_ju� LZdbf h[jZahf� Dhfbkkby lsZl_evgh jZkkfhl�

jbl j_amevlZlu hp_gdb hkms_kl\e_gby Kh\f_klguo

^_ckl\bc \ p_eyo ijbgylby j_r_gby hlghkbl_evgh

p_e_khh[jZaghklb gh\uo bgbpbZlb\ \ jZfdZo kn_ju

__ dhfi_l_gpbb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k :fkl_j^Zfkdbf

^h]h\hjhf �� ]h^Z� kh^_j`Zsbf ihijZ\db d >h]h�

\hjm h ?\jhi_ckdhf khxa_� >h]h\hjZf h kha^Zgbb

?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\ b g_dhlhjuf kf_`guf

^hdmf_glZf� k l_f qlh[u h[_ki_qblv dhfie_dkguc

ihôh^ d [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c \ qZklghf k_dlhj_�

D . �� " �� #��

2 8 . F_`Zf_jbdZgkdZy dhg\_gpby ih [hjv[_ k dhj�

jmipb_c ��Dhg\_gpby H:=�� [ueZ ijbgylZ gZ Ki_�

pbZevghc f_`Zf_jbdZgkdhc dhgn_j_gpbb b hldjulZ

êy ihîbkZgby \ DZjZdZk_ �� fZjlZ �� ]h^Z� P_ev

Dhg\_gpbb aZdexqZ_lky \ ihhsj_gbb b mkbe_gbb

^_yl_evghklb \ dZ`^hf ba ]hkm^Zjkl\±mqZklgbdh\ ih

kha^Zgbx f_oZgbafh\� g_h[oh^bfuo êy ij_^mij_`�

^_gby� \uy\e_gby b bkdhj_g_gby dhjjmipbb b gZdZ�

aZgby aZ g__� Z lZd`_ \ ihhsj_gbb� jZa\blbb b j_�

]mebjh\Zgbb khljm^gbq_kl\Z f_`^m ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±

mqZklgbdZfb \ p_eyo h[_ki_q_gby wnn_dlb\ghklb

f_j b ^_ckl\bc ih ij_^mij_`^_gbx� \uy\e_gbx b

bkdhj_g_gbx dhjjmipbb ijb \uiheg_gbb im[ebqguo

nmgdpbc b Zdlh\ dhjjmipbb� g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh k\y�

aZgguo k \uiheg_gb_f lZdbo nmgdpbc� b gZdZaZgbx

aZ gbo�

2 9 . Dhg\_gpby H:= \klmibeZ \ kbem � fZjlZ

1 9 9 7 ]h^Z� KlZlvy ;;9 ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l \klmie_gb_

Dhg\_gpbb \ kbem gZ ljb^pZluc ^_gv ihke_ ^Zlu

k^Zqb gZ ojZg_gb_ \lhjhc jZlbnbdZpbhgghc ]jZfh�

lu11.

'� �� " ��(��

�� "��

3 0 . Dhg\_gpby h [hjv[_ k ih^dmihf bghkljZgguo

]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo ^he`ghklguo ebp \ f_`^mgZjh^�

guo dhff_jq_kdbo k^_edZo ��Dhg\_gpby HWKJ� [ueZ

ihîbkZgZ �� ^_dZ[jy �� ]h^Z b [ueZ ih^]hlh\e_gZ

]jmiihc �� kljZg� �� kljZg – qe_gh\ Hj]ZgbaZpbb

wdhghfbq_kdh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z b jZa\blby �HWKJ� b

iylv kljZg� g_ y\eyxsboky qe_gZfb Hj]ZgbaZpbb

�:j]_glbgZ� ;he]Zjby� ;jZabeby� Keh\Zdby b

Qbeb�12.

3 1 . Dhg\_gpby HWKJ h[_ki_qb\Z_l jZfdb êy djb�

fbgZebaZpbb dhjjmipbb \ f_`^mgZjh^guo dhff_j�

q_kdbo k^_edZo� Klhjhgu Dhg\_gpbb h[yamxlky

h[_ki_qblv gZdZaZgb_ ebp� h[\bgy_fuo \ ih^dmi_

^he`ghklguo ebp bghkljZgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\� \dexqZy

^he`ghklguo ebp \ kljZgZo� dhlhju_ g_ y\eyxlky

klhjhgZfb Dhg\_gpbb� êy p_e_c ihemq_gby beb

khojZg_gby \hafh`ghklb hkms_kl\eylv f_`^mgZjh^�

gmx dhff_jq_kdmx ^_yl_evghklv� < Dhg\_gpbb

ij_îjbgbfZ_lky ihiuldZ h[_ki_qblv nmgdpbhgZev�

gmx wd\b\Ze_glghklv f_j� ijbgbfZ_fuo klhjhgZfb

êy gZdZaZgby aZ ih^dmi bghkljZgguo ^he`ghklguo

ebp� h^gZdh ijb wlhf g_ lj_[m_lky h[_ki_q_gb_

_^bghh[jZaby beb \g_k_gb_ baf_g_gbc \ hkgh\hih�

eZ]Zxsb_ ijbgpbiu ijZ\h\uo kbkl_f klhjhg13.

3 2 . Dhg\_gpby HWKJ \klmibeZ \ kbem �� n_\jZey

1 9 9 9 ]h^Z� KljZgu±mqZklgbpu ^h]h\hjbebkv h lhf�

qlh Dhg\_gpby \klmibl \ kbem gZ r_klb^_kyluc ^_gv

ihke_ ^Zlu k^Zqb gZ ojZg_gb_ ^hdmf_glh\ h ijb�

gylbb� ml\_j`^_gbb beb jZlbnbdZpbb iylvx ba

^_kylb kljZg� dhlhju_ h[eZ^Zxl �� gZb[hevrbfb

^heyfb \ h[t_f_ wdkihjlZ kljZg HWKJ b gZ dhlhju_

ijboh^blky ih f_gvr_c f_j_ �� ijhp_glh\ kh\hdmi�

gh]h h[t_fZ wdkihjlZ wlbo �� kljZg14.

8

E/CN/15/2001/3

3 3 . D Dhg\_gpbb fh`_l ijbkh_^bgblvky ex[Zy

kljZgZ� dhlhjZy klZg_l iheguf qe_ghf JZ[hq_c ]jmi�

iu HWKJ ih \hijhkZf ih^dmiZ \ f_`^mgZjh^guo

dhff_jq_kdbo k^_edZo� Z lZd`_ `_eZ_l b \ khklhygbb

\aylv gZ k_[y khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ h[yaZl_evkl\Z� =hkm�

^Zjkl\Z� `_eZxsb_ ijbkh_^bgblvky d Dhg\_gpbb�

^he`gu klZlv qe_gZfb JZ[hq_c ]jmiiu HWKJ� Qe_gu

JZ[hq_c ]jmiiu ijbgbfZxl lZd`_ gZ k_[y h[yaZ�

l_evkl\Z� i_j_qbke_ggu_ \ I_j_kfhlj_gghc j_dh�

f_g^Zpbb h [hjv[_ k ih^dmihf \ f_`^mgZjh^guo

dhff_jq_kdbo k^_edZo b \ J_dhf_g^Zpbb h gZeh�

]h\uo \uq_lZo kmff ih^dmiZ bghkljZgguo ^he`�

ghklguo ebp� hgb ^he`gu lZd`_ ijbgbfZlv mqZklb_

\ f_jhijbylbyo f_oZgbafZ fhgblhjbg]Z ih^ mijZ\�

e_gb_f JZ[hq_c ]jmiiu�

III. �� "��#�� #�� #��

3 4 . < gZklhys_f jZa^_e_ ij_îjbgbfZ_lky ihiul�

dZ ^Zlv kjZ\gbl_evguc ZgZeba hkgh\guo iheh`_gbc

f_`^mgZjh^gh±ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glh\� mihfygmluo \

jZa^_e_ ,,� Ihkdhevdm wlb ^hdmf_glu bf_xl ZgZeh�

]bqgmx kljmdlmjm� lZdhc ZgZeba fh`gh ijh\h^blv \

jZfdZo ke_^mxsbo h[sbo l_f� bkihevah\Zgb_ l_j�

fbgh\� djbfbgZebaZpby� hl\_lkl\_gghklv xjb^b�

q_kdbo ebp� f_ju b kZgdpbb� ij_^mij_`^_gb_� xjbk�

^bdpby� f_`^mgZjh^gh_ khljm^gbq_kl\h� fhgblh�

jbg] hkms_kl\e_gby b ^jm]b_ f_ju�

3 5 . < dZq_kl\_ ij_^\Zjbl_evgh]h b h[s_]h aZf_qZ�

gby ke_^m_l hlf_lblv� qlh h^gh ba hkgh\guo jZa�

ebqbc f_`^m jZkkfZljb\Z_fufb ^hdmf_glZfb kh�

klhbl \ lhf� dZdbf h[jZahf b^_glbnbpbjmxlky ^_c�

kl\by� dhlhju_ ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdb h[yaZgu ijb�

agZ\Zlv m]heh\gh gZdZam_fufb ^_ygbyfb \ khhl\_l�

kl\bb k dZ`ûf ba lZdbo ^hdmf_glh\� < g_dhlhjuo

^hdmf_glZo� gZijbf_j \ Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ� ijbf_gy�

_lky madbc ihôh^ b ij_^mkfZljb\Z_lky lhevdh djb�

fbgZebaZpby lZd gZau\Z_fh]h �Zdlb\gh]h ih^dmiZ�

bghkljZgguo ^he`ghklguo ebp15� \ lh \j_fy dZd \

^jm]bo� gZijbf_j \ Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[

m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx� ho\Zlu�

\Z_lky [he__ rbjhdbc djm] ^_ygbc� k\yaZgguo k

dhjjmipb_c�

3 6 . <\b^m hkh[h]h oZjZdl_jZ b kn_ju ijbf_g_gby

Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h ]jZ`^Zgkdh±ijZ\h\hc

hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx wlhl ^hdmf_gl \

gZklhys_f jZa^_e_ jZkkfZljb\Z_lky hl^_evgh�

$� )��"��

��

3 7 . < [hevrbgkl\_ ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glh\ kh^_j�

`blky hij_^_e_gb_ l_jfbgZ �im[ebqgh_ ^he`ghkl�

gh_ ebph�� H^gZdh \ wlhc k\yab ijhke_`b\Zxlky

hij_^_e_ggu_ jZaebqby�

3 8 . < khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c H:= �im[ebqgh_

^he`ghklgh_ ebph� �beb �ijZ\bl_evkl\_ggh_ ^he`�

ghklgh_ ebph�� beb �im[ebqguc kem`Zsbc�� hagZ�

qZ_l �ex[h_ ^he`ghklgh_ ebph beb kem`Zs_]h ]hkm�

^Zjkl\Z beb _]h mqj_`^_gbc� \dexqZy ebp� dhlhju_

[ueb \u[jZgu� gZagZq_gu beb ba[jZgu êy \uihe�

g_gby ^_yl_evghklb beb nmgdpbc hl bf_gb ]hkm^Zj�

kl\Z beb gZ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc kem`[_ gZ ex[hf

b_jZjobq_kdhf mjh\g_ � �klZlvy I�� < Dhg\_gpbb H:=

kh^_j`blky lZd`_ kkuedZ gZ dhgp_ipbx �im[ebqghc

nmgdpbb�� dhlhjZy hagZqZ_l �ex[mx \j_f_ggmx beb

ihklhyggmx� hieZqb\Z_fmx beb ihq_lgmx ^_yl_ev�

ghklv� \uihegy_fmx nbabq_kdbf ebphf hl bf_gb

]hkm^Zjkl\Z beb gZ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc kem`[_� beb \

]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo bgklblmlZo� gZ ex[hf b_jZjob�

q_kdhf mjh\g_� �klZlvy I �� KkuedZ gZ �im[ebqgmx

nmgdpbx� kh^_j`blky lZd`_ \ hij_^_e_gbb im[ebq�

gh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ� dhlhjh_ bkihevam_lky \

Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ �kf� gb`_��

3 9 . Dhgp_ipby �im[ebqgu_ mkem]b� bkihevam_lky \

hij_^_e_gbb im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp� kh^_j`Z�

s_fky \ Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo

GZpbc� \ dhlhjhc mdZau\Z_lky� qlh �im[ebqgh_ ^he`�

ghklgh_ ebph� hagZqZ_l �im[ebqgh_ ^he`ghklgh_ eb�

ph beb ebph� ij_^hklZ\eyxs__ dZdmx�eb[h im[ebq�

gmx mkem]m� dZd wlh hij_^_ey_lky \h \gmlj_gg_f

aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_ ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ� \ dhlhjhf

^Zggh_ ebph \uihegy_l lZdb_ nmgdpbb� beb dZd wlh

ijbf_gy_lky \ m]heh\ghf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_ wlh]h

]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ� �klZlvy 8 ) .

4 0 . Dhg\_gpby Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_l�

kl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx hlkueZ_l d hij_^_e_gbyf

ihgylbc �^he`ghklgh_ ebph�� im[ebqgh_ ^he`gh�

klgh_ ebph�� fwj�� fbgbklj� b �km^vy�� kh^_j`Z�

sbfky \ gZpbhgZevghf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_ ]hkm^Zj�

9

E/CN.15/2001/3

kl\Z� \ dhlhjhf ^Zggh_ ebph \uihegy_l lZdb_

nmgdpbb� b dZd wlh aZdj_ie_gh \ m]heh\ghf aZdhgh�

^Zl_evkl\_ wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z �klZlvy �� :gZeh]bq�

guf h[jZahf \ I_j\hf ijhlhdhe_ d Dhg\_gpbb

?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\

b \ Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h [hjv[_ k dhj�

jmipb_c ijb hij_^_e_gbb l_jfbgZ �gZpbhgZevgh_

^he`ghklgh_ ebph� ^_eZ_lky kkuedZ gZ hij_^_e_gb_

ihgylby �^he`ghklgh_ ebph� beb �im[ebqgh_ ^he`�

ghklgh_ ebph� \ gZpbhgZevghf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_

]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gZ� \ dhlhjhf ^Zggh_ ebph \uihe�

gy_l lZdb_ nmgdpbb� êy p_e_c ijbf_g_gby m]heh\�

gh]h aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gZ�

4 1 . K ^jm]hc klhjhgu� \ Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ ij_îjb�

gbfZ_lky ihiuldZ ^Zlv Z\lhghfgh_ hij_^_e_gb_ ih�

gylby �im[ebqgh_ ^he`ghklgh_ ebph�� < khhl\_l�

kl\bb k wlhc Dhg\_gpb_c l_jfbg �bghkljZggh_

im[ebqgh_ ^he`ghklgh_ ebph� nZdlbq_kdb hagZqZ_l

�ex[h_ ebph� aZgbfZxs__ dZdhc�eb[h ihkl \ aZdh�

gh^Zl_evguo� Z^fbgbkljZlb\guo beb km^_[guo hj]Z�

gZo bghkljZggh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z� g_aZ\bkbfh hl lh]h�

[ueh eb hgh gZagZq_gh beb ba[jZgh� ex[h_ ebph�

\uihegyxs__ im[ebqgu_ nmgdpbb \ bghkljZgghf

]hkm^Zjkl\_� \dexqZy im[ebqgu_ mqj_`^_gby beb

im[ebqgu_ ij_îjbylby� b ex[h_ ^he`ghklgh_ ebph

beb ij_^klZ\bl_ev im[ebqghc f_`^mgZjh^ghc hj]Z�

gbaZpbb� �klZlvy 1 ) .

4 2 . Hij_^_e_gb_ ihgylby �xjb^bq_kdh_ ebph�

kh^_j`blky lhevdh \ Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[

m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx� Z lZd`_ \h

<lhjhf ijhlhdhe_ d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ

h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ b \ Kh\f_klguo

^_ckl\byo ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ� < wlbo lj_o ^hdm�

f_glZo bkihevam_lky ZgZeh]bqgh_ hij_^_e_gb_�

Kh]eZkgh bo l_dklZf �kf� klZlvx � \h \k_o lj_o ^hdm�

f_glZo� �xjb^bq_kdh_ ebph� nZdlbq_kdb hagZqZ_l

�ex[h_ h[jZah\Zgb_� h[eZ^Zxs__ lZdbf klZlmkhf \

khhl\_lkl\bb k ijbf_gbfuf gZpbhgZevguf aZdhgh�

^Zl_evkl\hf� aZ bkdexq_gb_f ]hkm^Zjkl\ beb ^jm]bo

im[ebqguo hj]Zgh\� \uihegyxsbo ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_

iheghfhqby� Z lZd`_ im[ebqguo f_`^mgZjh^guo

hj]ZgbaZpbc��

B . �� " ��

4 3 . Hkgh\gh_ iheh`_gb_ Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb

H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc� dZkZxs__ky djbfbgZebaZpbb�

kh^_j`blky \ klZlv_ �� \ imgdl_ 1 dhlhjhc mdZau\Z�

_lky ke_^mxs__�

" 1 . DZ`^h_ =hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l

lZdb_ aZdhgh^Zl_evgu_ b ^jm]b_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml

ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f qlh[u ijbagZlv \ dZq_kl\_ m]h�

eh\gh gZdZam_fuo ke_^mxsb_ ^_ygby� dh]^Z hgb

kh\_jrZxlky mfure_ggh�

Z� h[_sZgb_� ij_êh`_gb_ beb ij_^hklZ\�

e_gb_ im[ebqghfm ^he`ghklghfm ebpm� ebqgh beb

q_j_a ihkj_^gbdh\� dZdh]h�eb[h g_ijZ\hf_jgh]h ij_�

bfms_kl\Z êy kZfh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ beb bgh]h

nbabq_kdh]h beb xjb^bq_kdh]h ebpZ� k l_f qlh[u

wlh ^he`ghklgh_ ebph kh\_jrbeh dZdh_�eb[h ^_ckl�

\b_ beb [_a^_ckl\b_ ijb \uiheg_gbb k\hbo ^he`gh�

klguo h[yaZgghkl_c�

b ) \ufh]Zl_evkl\h beb ijbgylb_ im[ebqguf

^he`ghklguf ebphf� ebqgh beb q_j_a ihkj_^gbdh\�

dZdh]h�eb[h g_ijZ\hf_jgh]h ij_bfms_kl\Z êy kZ�

fh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ beb bgh]h nbabq_kdh]h beb

xjb^bq_kdh]h ebpZ� k l_f qlh[u wlh ^he`ghklgh_

ebph kh\_jrbeh dZdh_�eb[h ^_ckl\b_ beb [_a^_ckl�

\b_ ijb \uiheg_gbb k\hbo ^he`ghklguo h[yaZg�

ghkl_c��

4 4 . DZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd lZd`_ ijbgbfZ_l

lZdb_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f qlh[u

ijbagZlv \ dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZam_fh]h mqZklb_ \

dZq_kl\_ khh[sgbdZ \ kh\_jr_gbb dZdh]h�eb[h ij_�

klmie_gby� ijbagZggh]h lZdh\uf \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh

klZlv_c �� Djhf_ lh]h� dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd

jZkkfZljb\Z_l \hafh`ghklv ijbgylby lZdbo aZdhgh�

^Zl_evguo b ^jm]bo f_j� dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky�

k l_f qlh[u ijbagZlv \ dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZ�

am_fuo ^_ygby� mdZaZggu_ \ur_� dh]^Z \ gbo mqZkl�

\m_l dZdh_�eb[h bghkljZggh_ ^he`ghklgh_ ebph beb

f_`^mgZjh^guc ]jZ`^Zgkdbc kem`Zsbc� Z lZd`_

ijbagZlv m]heh\gh gZdZam_fufb ^jm]b_ nhjfu dhj�

jmipbb�

4 5 . Djhf_ lh]h� \ Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^b�

g_gguo GZpbc mdZau\Z_lky� qlh ij_klmie_gby� ijb�

agZggu_ lZdh\ufb� \ qZklghklb� \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh

klZlv_c �� ijbagZxlky lZdh\ufb \h \gmlj_gg_f aZdh�

gh^Zl_evkl\_ dZ`^h]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ g_aZ\b�

kbfh hl we_f_glh\ ljZgkgZpbhgZevgh]h oZjZdl_jZ

beb ijbqZklghklb hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmighc ]jmi�

iu �klZlvy 3 4 ) .

10

E/CN/15/2001/3

4 6 . P_ev Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc

hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx aZdexqZ_lky \ kdhhj�

^bgbjh\Zgghc djbfbgZebaZpbb rbjhdh]h djm]Z

^_ygbc� k\yaZgguo k dhjjmipb_c� Z� Zdlb\guc b

iZkkb\guc ih^dmi gZpbhgZevguo b bghkljZgguo

im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp16; b ) Zdlb\guc b iZk�

kb\guc ih^dmi gZpbhgZevguo b bghkljZgguo iZjeZ�

f_glZjb_\ b qe_gh\ f_`^mgZjh^guo iZjeZf_glkdbo

ZkkZf[e_c17� k� Zdlb\guc b iZkkb\guc ih^dmi

^he`ghklguo ebp f_`^mgZjh^guo hj]ZgbaZpbc�

d ) Zdlb\guc b iZkkb\guc ih^dmi km^_c b ^he`gh�

klguo ebp f_`^mgZjh^guo km^h\� _� Zdlb\gh_ b

iZkkb\gh_ bkihevah\Zgb_ \ebygby \ dhjuklguo

p_eyo� I� hlfu\Zgb_ ^hoh^h\� ihemq_gguo \ j_amev�

lZl_ dhjjmipbhgguo ij_klmie_gbc� Z lZd`_ [mo]Ze�

l_jkdb_ ij_klmie_gby� k\yaZggu_ k dhjjmipb_c

�klZlvb 2 – 1 4 ) .

4 7 . Djhf_ lh]h� ij_îheZ]Z_lky� qlh dZ`^Zy klh�

jhgZ ijbf_l lZdb_ aZdhgh^Zl_evgu_ b ^jm]b_ f_ju�

dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f qlh[u ijbagZlv \

dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZam_fh]h kh^_ckl\b_ beb

ih^klj_dZl_evkl\h d kh\_jr_gbx dZdh]h�eb[h m]h�

eh\gh]h ij_klmie_gby� ijbagZggh]h lZdh\uf� \

khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c �klZlvy 1 5 ) .

4 8 . Ke_^m_l ih^q_jdgmlv� qlh ihfbfh ^hdmf_glZ h

Kh\f_klguo ^_ckl\byo ?\jhi_ckdh]h KhxaZ� \ dhlh�

jhf dhgdj_lgh jZkkfZljb\Z_lky dhjjmipby \ qZklghf

k_dlhj_� Dhg\_gpby Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc

hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx y\ey_lky _^bgkl�

\_gguf ba jZkkfZljb\Z_fuo ^hdmf_glh\� \ dhlhjhf

m]heh\gh gZdZam_fuf ^_ygb_f ijbagZ_lky Zdlb\guc

b iZkkb\guc ih^dmi \ qZklghf k_dlhj_ �klZlvb 7b 8 ) 18 .

4 9 . < khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c ?\jhi_ckdh]h

khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±

qe_gu ijbagZxl \ dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZam_fh]h

^_ygby �fhr_ggbq_kl\h�19 � dhlhjh_ gZghkbl ms_j[

nbgZgkh\uf bgl_j_kZf ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\

�klZlvy �� I_j\uc ijhlhdhe d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_c�

kdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ ij_�

^mkfZljb\Z_l ijbagZgb_ \ dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZ�

am_fh]h ^_ygby iZkkb\ghc b Zdlb\ghc dhjjmipbb20

^he`ghklguo ebp Khh[s_kl\Z beb gZpbhgZevguo

^he`ghklguo ebp� dhlhjZy gZghkbl beb fh`_l

gZg_klb ms_j[ nbgZgkh\uf bgl_j_kZf ?\jhi_ckdbo

khh[s_kl\ �klZlvb � b �� Z \h <lhjhf ijhlhdhe_

m]heh\gh gZdZam_fuf ^_ygb_f ijbagZ_lky hlfu\Z�

gb_ ^_g_] �klZlvy 2 ) 21 .

5 0 . < khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c ?\jhi_ckdh]h

khxaZ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu

h[yaZgu ijbagZlv \ dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZam_fh]h

^_ygby iZkkb\gmx b Zdlb\gmx dhjjmipbx kj_^b

^he`ghklguo ebp Khh[s_kl\Z beb gZpbhgZevguo

^he`ghklguo ebp �klZlvb � b ��22 � Z Kh\f_klgu_

^_ckl\by ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ ijbau\Zxl ijbagZlv

m]heh\gh gZdZam_fufb ^_ygbyfb ij_klmie_gby� k\y�

aZggu_ k iZkkb\ghc23 b Zdlb\ghc24 dhjjmipb_c \

qZklghf k_dlhj_ �klZlvb � b ��

5 1 . < khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c H:= ]hkm^Zj�

kl\Z±mqZklgbdb� dhlhju_ _s_ g_ k^_eZeb wlh]h� h[y�

aZgu ijbgylv g_h[oh^bfh_ aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h beb

^jm]b_ f_ju� k l_f qlh[u ijbagZlv \ dZq_kl\_

m]heh\gh gZdZam_fuo Zdlu dhjjmipbb� Z� \ufh]Z�

l_evkl\h beb ijbgylb_� ebqgh beb q_j_a ihkj_^gbdZ�

ijZ\bl_evkl\_gguf ^he`ghklguf ebphf beb ebphf�

dhlhjh_ \uihegy_l im[ebqgu_ nmgdpbb� ex[h]h

ij_^f_lZ� bf_xs_]h ^_g_`gmx klhbfhklv� beb

^jm]h]h ij_bfms_kl\Z \ h[f_g gZ ex[h_ ^_ckl\b_

beb [_a^_ckl\b_ ijb bkiheg_gbb _]h im[ebqguo

nmgdpbc� b ) ij_êh`_gb_ beb ij_^hklZ\e_gb_� ebqghbeb q_j_a ihkj_^gbdZ� dZdhfm�eb[h ijZ\bl_evkl\_g�

ghfm ^he`ghklghfm ebpm beb ebpm� dhlhjh_ \uihe�

gy_l im[ebqgu_ nmgdpbb� ex[h]h ij_^f_lZ� bf_�

xs_]h ^_g_`gmx klhbfhklv� beb ^jm]h]h ij_bfms_�

kl\Z \ h[f_g gZ ex[h_ ^_ckl\b_ beb [_a^_ckl\b_ ijb

bkiheg_gbb _]h im[ebqguo nmgdpbc� k� ex[h_ ^_c�

kl\b_ beb [_a^_ckl\b_ ijb bkiheg_gbb ]hkm^Zjkl�

\_gguf ^he`ghklguf ebphf beb ebphf� \uihe�

gyxsbf im[ebqgu_ nmgdpbb� k\hbo h[yaZgghkl_c \

p_eyo g_aZdhggh]h ihemq_gby ij_bfms_kl\ êy k_[y

beb êy dZdhc�eb[h lj_lv_c klhjhgu� d ) fhr_ggb�q_kdh_ bkihevah\Zgb_ beb khdjulb_ bfms_kl\Z�

ihemq_ggh]h \ j_amevlZl_ ex[h]h ^_ygby� mihfygm�

lh]h \ ^Zgghc klZlv_� b _� mqZklb_ \ dZq_kl\_ bkihe�

gbl_ey� khbkihegbl_ey� ih^klj_dZl_ey� khh[sgbdZ

beb khmqZklgbdZ ihke_ kh[ulby ij_klmie_gby beb

dZdbf�eb[h bguf h[jZahf \ kh\_jr_gbb beb ihiul�

d_ kh\_jr_gby beb `_ \ dZdhf�eb[h k]h\hj_ beb

lZcghf k]h\hj_ êy kh\_jr_gby ex[h]h ba \ur_mih�

fygmluo ^_ygbc �klZlvb V I b V I I ) .

5 2 . < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlvyfb 9,,, b ,; k mq_lhf

k\h_c dhgklblmpbb b hkgh\hiheZ]Zxsbo ijbgpbih\

k\h_c ijZ\h\hc kbkl_fu dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZkl�

gbd� dhlhjh_ _s_ g_ k^_eZeh wlh]h� ijbgbfZ_l g_h[�

oh^bfu_ f_ju êy ijbagZgby \ dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh

gZdZam_fh]h ^_ygby ljZgkgZpbhgZevgh]h ih^dmiZ25 b

g_aZdhggh]h h[h]Zs_gby26 � >ey l_o ]hkm^Zjkl\±

11

E/CN.15/2001/3

mqZklgbdh\� \ dhlhjuo ljZgkgZpbhgZevguc ih^dmi b

g_aZdhggh_ h[h]Zs_gb_ ijbagZxlky ij_klmie_gb_f�

lZdb_ ij_klmie_gby jZkkfZljb\Zxlky êy p_e_c

Dhg\_gpbb \ dZq_kl\_ ZdlZ dhjjmipbb� Ex[h_ ]hkm�

^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd� \ dhlhjhf ljZgkgZpbhgZevguc

ih^dmi b g_aZdhggh_ h[h]Zs_gb_ g_ ijbagZxlky

ij_klmie_gb_f� h[_ki_qb\Z_l \ ij_^_eZo� ^himklb�

fuo \ khhl\_lkl\bb k _]h aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf� ij_^h�

klZ\e_gb_ ihfhsb b hdZaZgb_ kh^_ckl\by \ hlghr_�

gbb lZdbo ij_klmie_gbc� dZd wlh ij_^mkfhlj_gh \

Dhg\_gpbb�

5 3 . < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c � Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ

]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdb ijbgbfZxl f_ju� k l_f qlh�

[u ijbagZlv \ dZq_kl\_ m]heh\gh gZdZam_fh]h ^_ygby

mfure_ggh_ ij_êh`_gb_� h[_sZgb_ beb ij_^hklZ\�

e_gb_ ex[uf ebphf ex[h]h fZl_jbZevgh]h [eZ]Z

beb ^jm]h]h ij_bfms_kl\Z� ebqgh beb q_j_a ihkj_^�

gbdh\� dZdhfm�eb[h bghkljZgghfm im[ebqghfm

^he`ghklghfm ebpm êy kZfh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ

beb êy dZdhc�eb[h lj_lv_c klhjhgu� k l_f qlh[u wlh

^he`ghklgh_ ebph kh\_jrbeh dZdh_�eb[h ^_ckl\b_

beb [_a^_ckl\b_ ijb \uiheg_gbb k\hbo ^he`gh�

klguo h[yaZgghkl_c� k l_f qlh[u ihemqblv beb

khojZgblv \hafh`ghklv hkms_kl\eylv dhff_jq_kdmx

^_yl_evghklv beb ^jm]b_ g_hijZ\^Zggu_ ij_bfm�

s_kl\Z ijb hkms_kl\e_gbb f_`^mgZjh^ghc dhff_j�

q_kdhc ^_yl_evghklb� DZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd

ijbgbfZ_l lZd`_ ex[u_ f_ju� g_h[oh^bfu_ êy

ijbagZgby lh]h� qlh khmqZklb_ \ dZdhf�eb[h ^_ckl�

\bb� \dexqZy ih^klj_dZl_evkl\h� kh^_ckl\b_ b ih�

kh[gbq_kl\h� beb kZgdpbhgbjh\Zgb_ dZdh]h�eb[h

^_ckl\by� k\yaZggh]h k ih^dmihf bghkljZggh]h im[�

ebqgh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ� y\ey_lky m]heh\gh gZdZ�

am_fuf ^_ygb_f� Djhf_ lh]h� ihiuldZ ih^dmiZ beb

k]h\hjZ \ p_eyo ih^dmiZ dZdh]h�eb[h bghkljZggh]h

im[ebqgh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ y\ey_lky m]heh\gh

gZdZam_fuf ^_ygb_f \ lZdhc `_ kl_i_gb� dZd b ih�

iuldZ ih^dmiZ beb k]h\hj \ p_eyo ih^dmiZ im[ebq�

gh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ ^Zggh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±

mqZklgbdZ�

5 4 . Dhg\_gpby HWKJ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l lZd`_� qlh

dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd� \ dhlhjhf ih^dmi

kh[kl\_ggh]h im[ebqgh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ ijb�

agZ_lky ij_klmie_gb_f êy p_e_c ijbf_g_gby aZdh�

gh^Zl_evkl\Z h[ hlfu\Zgbb ^_g_]� ijbgbfZ_l ZgZeh�

]bqgu_ f_ju \ hlghr_gbb ih^dmiZ bghkljZgguo

im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp �klZlvy 7 ) .

�� #��

5 5 . < [hevrbgkl\_ jZkkfZljb\Z_fuo ijZ\h\uo ^h�

dmf_glh\ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c kh^_j`Zlky iheh`_�

gby h[ hl\_lkl\_gghklb xjb^bq_kdbo ebp�

5 6 . < klZlv_ �� Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^b�

g_gguo GZpbc ij_^mkfZljb\Z_lky hl\_lkl\_gghklv

xjb^bq_kdbo ebp� \ qZklghklb aZ ij_klmie_gb_� ijb�

agZggh_ lZdh\uf \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c � �dhj�

jmipby im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp�� Ijb mkeh\bb

kh[ex^_gby ijZ\h\uo ijbgpbih\ ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZkl�

gbdZ hl\_lkl\_gghklv xjb^bq_kdbo ebp fh`_l [ulv

m]heh\ghc� ]jZ`^Zgkdh±ijZ\h\hc beb Z^fbgbkljZ�

lb\ghc�

5 7 . < khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu

h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx xjb^b�

q_kdb_ ebpZ g_kml hl\_lkl\_gghklv aZ m]heh\gu_

ij_klmie_gby Zdlb\gh]h \aylhqgbq_kl\Z� �lhj]h\eb

\ebygb_f� b hlfu\Zgby ^_g_]� dZd hgb hij_^_e_gu \

khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c� kh\_jrZ_fu_ \ bgl_j_�

kZo dZdh]h�eb[h nbabq_kdh]h ebpZ� dhlhjh_ ^_ckl�

\m_l bg^b\b^mZevgh beb \ jZfdZo hj]ZgZ xjb^bq_�

kdh]h ebpZ b dhlhjh_ aZgbfZ_l jmdh\h^ysmx ^he`�

ghklv \ jZfdZo xjb^bq_kdh]h ebpZ� Z lZd`_ aZ mqZ�

klb_ lZdh]h nbabq_kdh]h ebpZ \ dZq_kl\_ ihkh[gbdZ

beb ih^klj_dZl_ey \ \ur_mihfygmluo ij_klmi�

e_gbyo �klZlvy �� imgdl �� Djhf_ lh]h� dZ`^h_

]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l g_h[oh^bfu_ f_ju

êy h[_ki_q_gby lh]h� qlh[u xjb^bq_kdh_ ebph

fh`gh [ueh ijb\e_qv d hl\_lkl\_gghklb \ kemqZyo�

dh]^Z keZ[uc gZâhj beb dhgljhev kh klhjhgu nbab�

q_kdh]h ebpZ iha\hebe kh\_jrblv mihfygmlu_ \ur_

m]heh\gu_ ij_klmie_gby \ bgl_j_kZo wlh]h xjb^bq_�

kdh]h ebpZ ih^qbg_gguf _fm nbabq_kdbf ebphf

�klZlvy �� imgdl 2 ) .

5 8 . Dhg\_gpby ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nb�

gZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ ijb\ghkbl dhgp_ipbx �m]heh\�

ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb jmdh\h^bl_e_c ij_îjbylbc� b

mklZgZ\eb\Z_l� qlh dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±qe_g ^he`gh

ijbgylv g_h[oh^bfu_ f_ju êy h[_ki_q_gby lh]h�

qlh[u jmdh\h^bl_eb ij_îjbylbc beb ex[u_ ebpZ�

bf_xsb_ ijZ\h ijbgbfZlv j_r_gby beb hkms_kl\�

eylv dhgljhev \ jZfdZo ij_îjbylby� g_keb m]h�

eh\gmx hl\_lkl\_gghklv \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ijbg�

pbiZfb� hij_^_e_ggufb _]h gZpbhgZevguf aZdhgh�

^Zl_evkl\hf \ kemqZyo� dh]^Z fhr_ggbq_kl\h� aZljZ�

]b\Zxs__ bgl_j_ku ?\jhi_ckdh]h khh[s_kl\Z� kh�

\_jrZ_lky ih^qbg_gguf bf ebphf� ^_ckl\mxsbf hl

12

E/CN/15/2001/3

bf_gb ij_îjbylby �klZlvy �� :gZeh]bqgh_ iheh`_�

gb_ h xjb^bq_kdhc hl\_lkl\_gghklb jmdh\h^bl_e_c

ij_îjbylby kh^_j`blky \ Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h

khxaZ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c �klZlvy 6 ) .

5 9 . Ih \hijhkm hl hl\_lkl\_gghklb xjb^bq_kdbo

ebp \h <lhjhf ijhlhdhe_ d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h

khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ �klZlvy �� b \

Kh\f_klguo ^_ckl\byo ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ �klZ�

lvy �� \ agZqbl_evghc f_j_ ih\lhjyxlky iheh`_gby

Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_l�

kl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx� <h <lhjhf ijhlhdhe_ b \

Kh\f_klguo ^_ckl\byo ?\jhi_ckdh]h kh\_lZ� dZd \

ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glZo Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu� lZd`_ ij_^m�

kfZljb\Z_lky \hafh`ghklv ijb\e_q_gby xjb^bq_�

kdh]h ebpZ d hl\_lkl\_gghklb� dh]^Z hlkmlkl\b_ beb

g_^hklZlhd gZâhjZ beb dhgljhey kh klhjhgu ebpZ�

dhlhjh_ aZgbfZ_l jmdh\h^ysmx ^he`ghklv \ jZfdZo

xjb^bq_kdh]h ebpZ� iha\hebeb kh\_jrblv fhr_ggb�

q_kl\h beb Zdl Zdlb\ghc dhjjmipbb beb hlfu\Zgby

^_g_] \ bgl_j_kZo wlh]h xjb^bq_kdh]h ebpZ dZdbf�

eb[h ih^qbg_gguf _fm ebphf�

6 0 . < khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c HWKJ dZ`ûc

mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l lZdb_ f_ju� dhlhju_ fh]ml

ihlj_[h\Zlvky \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbfb ijZ\h\ufb

ijbgpbiZfb� êy mklZgh\e_gby hl\_lkl\_gghklb

xjb^bq_kdbo ebp aZ ih^dmi bghkljZggh]h ^he`ghkl�

gh]h ebpZ �klZlvy 2 ) .

D . *��

6 1 . Qlh dZkZ_lky f_j b kZgdpbc� lh Dhg\_gpby

Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ]eZkbl� qlh dZ`�

^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l aZdhgh^Zl_ev�

gu_� Z^fbgbkljZlb\gu_ b ^jm]b_ wnn_dlb\gu_ f_ju

êy kh^_ckl\by ^h[jhkh\_klghklb� Z lZd`_ êy

ij_^mij_`^_gby b \uy\e_gby dhjjmipbb kj_^b im[�

ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp b gZdZaZgby aZ g__ b

ijbgbfZ_l f_ju êy h[_ki_q_gby wnn_dlb\guo ^_c�

kl\bc _]h hj]Zgh\ \ h[eZklb ij_^mij_`^_gby b

\uy\e_gby dhjjmipbb kj_^b im[ebqguo ^he`ghkl�

guo ebp b gZdZaZgby aZ g__� \ lhf qbke_ iml_f

ij_^hklZ\e_gby lZdbf hj]ZgZf ^hklZlhqghc g_aZ\b�

kbfhklb êy \hkij_iylkl\h\Zgby g_ijZ\hf_jghfm

\ebygbx gZ bo ^_ckl\by �klZlvy �� Dhg\_gpby ij_�

^mkfZljb\Z_l lZd`_� qlh dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h h[_ki_�

qb\Z_l ijbf_g_gb_ \ hlghr_gbb xjb^bq_kdbo ebp

wnn_dlb\guo� khjZaf_jguo b hdZau\Zxsbo k^_j`b�

\Zxs__ \ha^_ckl\b_ m]heh\guo beb g_m]heh\guo

kZgdpbc� \dexqZy ^_g_`gu_ kZgdpbb �klZlvy 1 0 ) .Djhf_ lh]h� dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd aZ kh\_j�

r_gb_ dZdh]h�eb[h ij_klmie_gby� ijbagZggh]h lZdh�

\uf \ khhl\_lkl\bb� \ qZklghklb� kh klZlv_c �� ij_�

^mkfZljb\Z_l ijbf_g_gb_ lZdbo kZgdpbc� dhlhju_

mqblu\Zxl kl_i_gv hiZkghklb wlh]h ij_klmie_gby

�klZlvy 1 1 ) .

6 2 . GZ hkgh\Zgbb Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[

m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx ]hkm^Zj�

kl\Zf ij_îbku\Z_lky ijbgylv wnn_dlb\gu_� khjZa�

f_jgu_ b hdZau\Zxsb_ k^_j`b\Zxs__ \ha^_ckl\b_

kZgdpbb b f_ju� \ lhf qbke_� dh]^Z ij_klmie_gb_

kh\_jrZ_lky nbabq_kdbf ebphf� gZdZaZgby� k\yaZg�

gu_ k ebr_gb_f k\h[hû� dhlhju_ fh]ml ih\e_qv

\u^Zqm �klZlvy �� imgdl �� < hlghr_gbb xjb^b�

q_kdbo ebp ijbf_gyxlky wnn_dlb\gu_� khjZaf_jgu_

b hdZau\Zxsb_ k^_j`b\Zxs__ \ha^_ckl\b_ m]heh\�

gu_ beb g_m]heh\gu_ kZgdpbb� \dexqZy ^_g_`gu_

kZgdpbb �klZlvy �� imgdl 2 ) .

6 3 . M]heh\gu_ kZgdpbb� dhlhju_ y\eyxlky wnn_d�

lb\gufb� khjZaf_jgufb b hdZau\Zxsbfb k^_j`b�

\Zxs__ \ebygb_� \ lhf qbke_ – ih djZcg_c f_j_ \

k_jv_aguo kemqZyo – gZdZaZgby� k\yaZggu_ k ebr_�

gb_f k\h[hû� dhlhju_ fh]ml ih\e_qv \u^Zqm� ij_^m�

kfZljb\Zxlky lZd`_ Dhg\_gpb_c ?\jhi_ckdh]h khx�

aZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ �klZlvy �� I_j�

\uf ijhlhdhehf d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h

aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ �klZlvy �� Dhg\_gpbb

?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c �klZ�

lvy �� b Kh\f_klgufb ^_ckl\byfb ?\jhi_ckdh]h

khxaZ �klZlvy �� ijbf_gbl_evgh d ^_ygbyf� mihfygm�luf \ wlbo ^hdmf_glZo� Z lZd`_ d mqZklbx \ lZdbo

^_ygbyo beb ih^klj_dZl_evkl\m d gbf�

6 4 . < hlghr_gbb xjb^bq_kdbo ebp \h <lhjhf ijh�

lhdhe_ d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_

nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ �klZlvy �� b Kh\f_klguo ^_c�

kl\byo ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ �klZlvy �� ij_^mkfZl�

jb\Zxlky wnn_dlb\gu_� khjZaf_jgu_ b hdZau\Z�

xsb_ k^_j`b\Zxs__ \ha^_ckl\b_ kZgdpbb� dhlhju_

\dexqZxl m]heh\gu_ beb g_m]heh\gu_ gZdZaZgby b

fh]ml \dexqZlv lZdb_ kZgdpbb� dZd� Z� ebr_gb_ ijZ�

\Z gZ ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_ ev]hlu beb ihfhsv� E� \j_�

f_ggh_ beb ihklhyggh_ ebr_gb_ ijZ\Z aZgbfZlvky

dhff_jq_kdhc ^_yl_evghklvx� k� km^_[guc gZâhj� b

d ) ijbgm^bl_evgZy ebd\b^Zpby ih j_r_gbx km^Z�

6 5 . AZ ih^dmi bghkljZgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo ^he`�

ghklguo ebp Dhg\_gpby HWKJ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l dZd

\ hlghr_gbb nbabq_kdbo� lZd b xjb^bq_kdbo ebp27

13

E/CN.15/2001/3

m]heh\gu_ gZdZaZgby� dhlhju_ y\eyxlky wnn_dlb\�

gufb� khjZaf_jgufb b hdZau\Zxsbfb k^_j`b�

\Zxs__ \ha^_ckl\b_� < Dhg\_gpbb mlhqgy_lky� qlh

gZdZaZgby ^he`gu [ulv kh\f_klbfufb k gZdZaZ�

gbyfb� ijbf_gbfufb \ kemqZ_ ih^dmiZ ^he`gh�

klguo ebp� y\eyxsboky ]jZ`^ZgZfb ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±

mqZklgbdZ� b \ kemqZ_ nbabq_kdbo ebp ^he`gu

\dexqZlv ebr_gb_ k\h[hû gZ kjhd� ^hklZlhqguc

êy h[_ki_q_gby wnn_dlb\ghc \aZbfghc xjb^bq_�

kdhc ihfhsb b \u^Zqb �klZlvy 3 ) .

'� +��

6 6 . Ba ZgZebabjm_fuo \ gZklhys_f jZa^_e_ jZaebq�

guo ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glh\ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c

Dhg\_gpby H:= kh^_j`bl gZb[he__ ih^jh[gu_ iheh�

`_gby� dZkZxsb_ky ij_^mij_`^_gby dhjjmipbb28.

6 7 . < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c ,,, ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±

mqZklgbdb kh]eZrZxlky jZkkfhlj_lv \hijhk h ijb�

f_gbfhklb� \ jZfdZo k\hbo bgklblmpbhgZevguo kbk�

l_f� jy^Z jZaebqguo f_j êy ij_^mij_`^_gby Zdlh\

dhjjmipbb� < qZklghklb� lZdb_ f_ju gZijZ\e_gu gZ

jZajZ[hldm� ijbf_g_gb_ b mkbe_gb_ Z� ghjf ih\_�

^_gby êy dhjj_dlgh]h� q_klgh]h b gZê_`Zs_]h \u�

iheg_gby ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo nmgdpbc� E� f_oZgbafh\

h[_ki_q_gby kh[ex^_gby wlbo ghjf ih\_^_gby�

k� bgkljmdpbc êy ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo khljm^gbdh\ êy

h[_ki_q_gby ijZ\bevgh]h ihgbfZgby bfb k\hbo

h[yaZgghkl_c b wlbq_kdbo ijZ\be� j_]mebjmxsbo bo

^_yl_evghklv� G� kbkl_f j_]bkljZpbb ^hoh^Z� bfms_�

kl\Z b ^he]h\ ebp� dhlhju_ \uihegyxl ]hkm^Zjkl�

\_ggu_ nmgdpbb gZ hij_^_e_gguo ^he`ghklyo� h]h�

\hj_gguo aZdhghf� _� kbkl_f ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h gZc�

fZ b aZdmidb lh\Zjh\ b mkem]� dhlhju_ h[_ki_qb\Zeb

[u bo hldjulhklv� kijZ\_êb\hklv b wnn_dlb\ghklv�

f ) ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo kbkl_f k[hjZ b dhgljhey ih^h�

oh^guo gZeh]h\� J� aZdhgh\� dhlhju_ bkdexqZeb [u

ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ gZeh]h\uo ev]hl dZdhfm�eb[h ebpm

beb dhjihjZpbb \ k\yab k jZkoh^Zfb� ijhba\_^_g�

gufb \ gZjmr_gb_ aZdhgh\ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c

]hkm^Zjkl\±mqZklgbdh\� K� kbkl_f aZsblu ]hkm^Zj�

kl\_gguo kem`Zsbo b qZklguo ]jZ`^Zg� dhlhju_

^h[jhkh\_klgh khh[sZxl h[ ZdlZo dhjjmipbb� L� gZ^�

ahjguo hj]Zgh\ \ p_eyo h[_ki_q_gby jZ[hlu kh\j_�

f_gguo f_oZgbafh\ êy ij_^mij_`^_gby� h[gZjm�

`_gby b bkdhj_g_gby Zdlh\ dhjjmipbb b gZdZaZgby aZ

gbo� J� f_oZgbafh\� ij_iylkl\mxsbo ih^dmim gZ�

pbhgZevguo b bghkljZgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo ^he`�

ghklguo ebp� gZijbf_j f_oZgbafh\� h[_ki_qb\Z�

xsbo� qlh[u im[ebqgu_ dhfiZgbb b ^jm]b_ ZkkhpbZ�

pbb \_eb [mo]Zel_jkdb_ dgb]b b aZibkb� \ dhlhjuo

lhqgh hljZ`Zehkv [u ijbh[j_l_gb_ b jZkoh^h\Zgb_

nhg^h\� b ijbf_gyeb khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ bgkljmf_glu

\gmlj_gg_]h [mo]Zel_jkdh]h dhgljhey� iha\heyxsb_

bo khljm^gbdZf \uy\eylv Zdlu dhjjmipbb� N� f_oZ�

gbafh\� ihhsjyxsbo mqZklb_ ]jZ`^Zgkdh]h h[s_kl�

\Z b g_ijZ\bl_evkl\_gguo hj]ZgbaZpbc \ ^_yl_ev�

ghklb ih ij_^mij_`^_gbx dhjjmipbb� b O� f_oZgba�

fh\ bamq_gby ^hihegbl_evguo ij_\_glb\guo f_j�

mqblu\Zxsbo k\yav f_`^m kijZ\_êb\uf \hagZ�

]jZ`^_gb_f b ihjy^hqghklvx ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo

kem`Zsbo�

6 8 . < Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZ�

pbc ijb\ghkblky b ihhsjy_lky dhgp_ipby �^h[jhkh�

\_klghklb� im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp b ij_^m�

kfZljb\Z_lky� qlh dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd ijb�

gbfZ_l f_ju êy h[_ki_q_gby wnn_dlb\guo ^_ckl�

\bc _]h hj]Zgh\ \ h[eZklb ij_^mij_`^_gby b \uy\�

e_gby dhjjmipbb kj_^b im[ebqguo ^he`ghklguo ebp

b gZdZaZgby aZ g__� \ lhf qbke_ iml_f ij_^hklZ\�

e_gby lZdbf hj]ZgZf ^hklZlhqghc g_aZ\bkbfhklb

êy \hkij_iylkl\h\Zgby g_ijZ\hf_jghfm \ebygbx

gZ bo ^_ckl\by �klZlvy 9 ) .

6 9 . Ih \hijhkm h ij_^mij_`^_gbb Dhg\_gpby

Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ

dhjjmipbx mklZgZ\eb\Z_l� qlh dZ`ûc mqZklgbd ijb�

gbfZ_l lZdb_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml [ulv g_h[oh^bfufb

êy h[_ki_q_gby lh]h� qlh[u ebpZ beb hj]Zgu ki_�

pbZevgh aZgbfZebkv [hjv[hc k dhjjmipb_c� qlh[u

hgb h[eZ^Zeb g_h[oh^bfhc g_aZ\bkbfhklvx b qlh[u

khljm^gbdb lZdbo hj]Zgh\ bf_eb khhl\_lkl\mxsmx

ih^]hlh\dm b nbgZgkh\u_ j_kmjku êy \uiheg_gby

klhysbo i_j_^ gbfb aZ^Zq �klZlvy 2 0 ) .

7 0 . Dhg\_gpby HWKJ lj_[m_l� qlh[u mqZklgbdb

ijbgyeb g_h[oh^bfu_ f_ju \ jZfdZo bo khhl\_l�

kl\mxsbo aZdhgh\ b ijZ\be êy aZij_s_gby kha�

^Zgby kq_lh\� g_ nb]mjbjmxsbo \ [mo]Zel_jkdhc

hlq_lghklb� beb ZgZeh]bqghc ijZdlbdb� bkihev�

am_fhc êy ih^dmiZ bghkljZgguo ^he`ghklguo ebp

beb khdjulby kemqZ_\ lZdh]h ih^dmiZ �klZlvy 8 ) .

F. ,��

7 1 . Ih \hijhkm h xjbk^bdpbb Dhg\_gpby Hj]Z�

gbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ]eZkbl� qlh dZ`^h_ ]h�

14

E/CN/15/2001/3

km^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l lZdb_ f_ju� dhlhju_

fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f qlh[u mklZgh\blv k\hx

xjbk^bdpbx \ hlghr_gbb ij_klmie_gbc� ijbagZg�

guo lZdh\ufb \ Dhg\_gpbb� dh]^Z Z� ij_klmie_gb_

kh\_jr_gh gZ l_jjblhjbb wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZkl�

gbdZ� beb E� ij_klmie_gb_ kh\_jr_gh gZ [hjlm

km^gZ� dhlhjh_ g_keh neZ] wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZkl�

gbdZ \ fhf_gl kh\_jr_gby ij_klmie_gby� beb \ha�

^mrgh]h km^gZ� dhlhjh_ aZj_]bkljbjh\Zgh \ khhl\_l�

kl\bb k aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZkl�

gbdZ \ lZdhc fhf_gl �klZlvy �� imgdl �� Ijb mkeh�

\bb kh[ex^_gby klZlvb �� AZsblZ km\_j_gbl_lZ��

]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd fh`_l mklZgh\blv k\hx xjbk�

^bdpbx \ hlghr_gbb ex[h]h lZdh]h ij_klmie_gby�

dh]^Z Z� ij_klmie_gb_ kh\_jr_gh ijhlb\ ]jZ`^ZgbgZ

wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ� beb E� ij_klmie_gb_

kh\_jr_gh ]jZ`^Zgbghf wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZkl�

gbdZ beb ebphf [_a ]jZ`^Zgkl\Z� dhlhjh_ h[uqgh

ijh`b\Z_l gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb �klZlvy �� imgdl ��Z�

b ( b ) ) .

7 2 . Ke_^m_l ^h[Z\blv� qlh \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgd�

lhf �� klZlvb �� ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd� gZ l_jjblh�

jbb dhlhjh]h gZoh^blky ebph� ih^haj_\Z_fh_ \ kh�

\_jr_gbb ij_klmie_gby� _keb hgh g_ \u^Z_l lZdh_

ebph \ k\yab k ij_klmie_gb_f� d dhlhjhfm ijbf_gy�

_lky Dhg\_gpby� ebrv gZ lhf hkgh\Zgbb� qlh hgh

y\ey_lky h^gbf ba _]h ]jZ`^Zg� h[yaZgh� ih ijhkv[_

]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ� aZijZrb\Zxs_]h \u^Zqm� i_�

j_^Zlv ^_eh [_a g_hijZ\^Zgguo aZ^_j`_d k\hbf

dhfi_l_glguf hj]ZgZf êy p_eb ij_ke_^h\Zgby29.

7 3 . Kh]eZkgh iheh`_gbyf Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jh�

iu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx�

dZ`ûc mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l lZdb_ aZdhgh^Zl_evgu_

b bgu_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f

qlh[u mklZgh\blv xjbk^bdpbx \ hlghr_gbb m]heh\�

gh]h ij_klmie_gby� ijbagZ\Z_fh]h lZdh\uf \ khhl�

\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c� dh]^Z Z� ij_klmie_gb_ ihe�

ghklvx beb qZklbqgh kh\_jr_gh gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb�

b ) ebph� _]h kh\_jrb\r__� y\ey_lky h^gbf ba _]h

]jZ`^Zg� h^gbf ba _]h ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo kem`Zsbo

beb qe_ghf h^ghc ba _]h \gmlj_ggbo im[ebqguo

ZkkZf[e_c� b k� d ij_klmie_gbx ijbqZkl_g h^bg ba

_]h ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo kem`Zsbo beb qe_gh\ _]h \gml�

j_ggbo im[ebqguo ZkkZf[e_c beb ex[h_ ebph� mih�

fygmlh_ \ klZlvyo �±�� l�_� khljm^gbdb f_`^mgZ�

jh^guo hj]ZgbaZpbc� qe_gu f_`^mgZjh^guo iZjeZ�

f_glkdbo ZkkZf[e_c� Z lZd`_ km^vb b khljm^gbdb

f_`^mgZjh^guo km^h\�� dhlhjuc \ lh `_ \j_fy

y\ey_lky h^gbf ba _]h ]jZ`^Zg� Djhf_ lh]h� dZ`^h_

]hkm^Zjkl\h fh`_l \h \j_fy ihîbkZgby b ijb k^Zq_

gZ ojZg_gb_ jZlbnbdZpbhgghc ]jZfhlu beb ^hdm�

f_glZ h ijbgylbb� ml\_j`^_gbb beb ijbkh_^bg_gbb

ij_^klZ\blv =_g_jZevghfm k_dj_lZjx Kh\_lZ ?\�

jhiu m\_^hfe_gb_� \ dhlhjhf hgh j_a_j\bjm_l aZ

kh[hc ijZ\h g_ ijbf_gylv beb ijbf_gylv lhevdh \

dhgdj_lguo kemqZyo beb mkeh\byo ijZ\beZ h xjbk�

^bdpbb� baeh`_ggu_ \ Dhg\_gpbb �klZlvy 1 7 ) 30 .

7 4 . Dhg\_gpby ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nb�

gZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ ]eZkbl� qlh dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±

qe_g ijbgbfZ_l lZdb_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h�

\Zlvky� k l_f qlh[u mklZgh\blv k\hx xjbk^bdpbx \

hlghr_gbb ij_klmie_gbc� ijbagZgguo lZdh\ufb \

khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c� dh]^Z Z� fhr_ggbq_kl\h�

mqZklb_ \ fhr_ggbq_kl\_ beb ihiuldZ fhr_ggbq_�

kl\Z� aZljZ]b\Zxsb_ nbgZgkh\u_ bgl_j_ku ?\jhi_c�

kdbo khh[s_kl\� kh\_jr_gu iheghklvx beb qZklbq�

gh gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb� \ lhf qbke_ fhr_ggbq_kl\h�

\u]h^Z hl dhlhjh]h [ueZ ihemq_gZ gZ wlhc l_jjblh�

jbb� E� ebph gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb khagZl_evgh ihfh]Z_l

beb ih[m`^Z_l d kh\_jr_gbx lZdh]h fhr_ggbq_kl\Z

gZ l_jjblhjbb dZdh]h�eb[h ^jm]h]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z� b

k� ijZ\hgZjmrbl_ev y\ey_lky ]jZ`^Zgbghf khhl\_l�

kl\mxs_]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gZ� ijb mkeh\bb� qlh

aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gZ fh`_l

h[mkeh\blv gZdZam_fhklv lZdh]h ih\_^_gby lZd`_ b \

kljZg_� ]^_ lZdb_ ^_ckl\by [ueb kh\_jr_gu �klZ�

lvy 4 ) .

7 5 . I_j\uc ijhlhdhe d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h

khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ lZd`_ mklZ�

gZ\eb\Z_l jy^ djbl_jb_\ i_j_^Zqb ]hkm^Zjkl\hf±

qe_ghf xjbk^bdpbb gZ ij_ke_^h\Zgb_ b km^_[gh_

jZa[bjZl_evkl\h ^_e� k\yaZgguo k ij_klmie_gbyfb�

gZ dhlhju_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky ^Zgguc Ijhlhdhe� dh]�

^Z Z� ij_klmie_gb_ iheghklvx beb qZklbqgh kh\_j�

r_gh gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb� E� ebph� kh\_jrb\r__ ij_�

klmie_gb_� y\ey_lky h^gbf ba _]h ]jZ`^Zg beb h^gbf

ba _]h khljm^gbdh\� k� ij_klmie_gb_ kh\_jr_gh

ijhlb\ ]jZ`^ZgbgZ ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gZ� dhlhjuc

y\ey_lky ^he`ghklguf ebphf� dZd wlh hij_^_e_gh

Ijhlhdhehf� beb qe_ghf h^gh]h ba bgklblmlh\

Khh[s_kl\Z� b G� ebph� kh\_jrb\r__ ij_klmie_gb_�

y\ey_lky ^he`ghklguf ebphf Khh[s_kl\Z� jZ[hlZ�

xsbf gZ h^bg ba bgklblmlh\ Khh[s_kl\Z� beb hj]Zg�

kha^Zgguc \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ^h]h\hjZfb h kha^Zgbb

?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\� rlZ[±d\ZjlbjZ dhlhjh]h

jZkiheh`_gZ \ khhl\_lkl\mxs_f ]hkm^Zj�kl\_±qe_g_

�klZlvy 6 ) . :gZeh]bqgu_ iheh`_gby� dZkZxsb_ky

15

E/CN.15/2001/3

xjbk^bdpbb� kh^_j`Zlky \ Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h

khxaZ h [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c �klZ�lvy 7 ) .

7 6 . Kh]eZkgh Kh\f_klguf ^_ckl\byf ?\jhi_ckdh]h

khxaZ� dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±qe_g ijbgbfZ_l g_h[oh�

^bfu_ f_ju êy mklZgh\e_gby k\h_c xjbk^bdpbb \

hlghr_gbb ij_klmie_gbc iZkkb\ghc beb Zdlb\ghc

dhjjmipbb \ qZklghf k_dlhj_� dh]^Z lZdh_ ij_klmi�

e_gb_ kh\_jr_gh Z� iheghklvx beb qZklbqgh gZ _]h

l_jjblhjbb� beb b ) h^gbf ba _]h ]jZ`^Zg� ijb

mkeh\bb� qlh aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±

qe_gZ fh`_l lj_[h\Zlv gZdZaZgby aZ lZdh_ ^_ygb_

lZd`_ b \ ]hkm^Zjkl\_� ]^_ hgh [ueh kh\_jr_gh� beb

k� \ bgl_j_kZo xjb^bq_kdh]h ebpZ� ^_ckl\mxs_]h \

qZklghf k_dlhj_� ]eZ\gZy dhglhjZ dhlhjh]h gZoh^blky

gZ l_jjblhjbb wlh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gZ �klZlvy 7 ) .

7 7 . < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c V Dhg\_gpbb H:=

dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l lZdb_ f_�

ju� dhlhju_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f qlh[u mklZ�

gh\blv k\hx xjbk^bdpbx \ hlghr_gbb ij_klmi�

e_gbc� ijbagZgguo lZdh\ufb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k

Dhg\_gpb_c� dh]^Z ^Zggh_ ij_klmie_gb_ Z� kh\_jr_�gh gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb� beb b ) kh\_jr_gh h^gbf ba _]h

]jZ`^Zg beb ebphf� dhlhjh_ h[uqgh ijh`b\Z_l gZ

_]h l_jjblhjbb� beb k� dh]^Z ebph� ih^haj_\Z_fh_ \

kh\_jr_gbb ij_klmie_gby� gZoh^blky gZ _]h l_jjb�

lhjbb b ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd g_ \u^Z_l lZdh_ ebph

gZ hkgh\Zgbb ]jZ`^Zgkl\Z ebpZ� ih^haj_\Z_fh]h \

kh\_jr_gbb ij_klmie_gby�

7 8 . DZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h – mqZklgbd Dhg\_gpbb

HWKJ ^he`gh mklZgh\blv xjbk^bdpbx \ hlghr_gbb

ih^dmiZ bghkljZgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo ^he`ghkl�

guo ebp� dh]^Z lZdh_ ij_klmie_gb_ kh\_jrZ_lky ihe�

ghklvx beb qZklbqgh gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb� DZ`^h_

]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd� dhlhjh_ h[eZ^Z_l xjbk^bd�

pb_c gZ ij_ke_^h\Zgb_ k\hbo ]jZ`^Zg \ k\yab k

ij_klmie_gbyfb� kh\_jr_ggufb aZ jm[_`hf� ijbgb�

fZ_l lZdb_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f

qlh[u mklZgh\blv k\hx xjbk^bdpbx gZ wlh \ hlgh�

r_gbb ih^dmiZ bghkljZggh]h ^he`ghklgh]h ebpZ

�klZlvy �� imgdlu � b ��

7 9 . Djhf_ lh]h� Dhg\_gpby HWKJ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l�

qlh mqZklgbdb i_j_kfZljb\Zxl k\hx gug_rgxx

hkgh\m êy xjbk^bdpbb b ijbgbfZxl f_ju ih

bkijZ\e_gbx iheh`_gby� _keb hgZ g_ y\ey_lky

wnn_dlb\ghc \ [hjv[_ k ih^dmihf bghkljZgguo

^he`ghklguo ebp� MqZklgbdb ^he`gu dhgkmevlbjh�

\Zlvky ^jm] k ^jm]hf� dh]^Z [he__ q_f h^bg mqZklgbd

bf__l xjbk^bdpbx \ hlghr_gbb lZdh]h ^_ygby \

p_eyo hij_^_e_gby gZb[he__ khhl\_lkl\mxs_c xjbk�

^bdpbb êy hkms_kl\e_gby ij_ke_^h\Zgby �klZlvy 4 ,imgdlu � b ��31.

8 0 . G_dhlhju_ ba jZkkfZljb\Z_fuo ^hdmf_glh\

kh^_j`Zl iheh`_gb_� gZijZ\e_ggh_ gZ h[_ki_q_gb_

]ZjZglbb lh]h� qlh[u bo khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ klZlvb�

dZkZxsb_ky xjbk^bdpbb� g_ bkdexqZeb hkms_kl\�

e_gby ex[hc m]heh\ghc xjbk^bdpbb� mklZgh\e_gghc

]hkm^Zjkl\hf±mqZklgbdhf \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbf

\gmlj_ggbf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf32.

G . *��

8 1 . Kh]eZkgh klZlv_ �� Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb

H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc \u^ZqZ lh]h beb bgh]h ebpZ ba

^jm]h]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ fh`_l [ulv aZijh�

r_gZ \ kemqZ_ q_luj_o dhgdj_lguo ij_klmie_gbc�

ho\Zlu\Z_fuo Dhg\_gpb_c33 � beb \ kemqZ_ ex[h]h

^jm]h]h ij_klmie_gby hiZkgh]h oZjZdl_jZ� dh]^Z \

g_f aZf_rZgZ hj]Zgbah\ZggZy ij_klmigZy ]jmiiZ�

dh]^Z ebph� \u^ZqZ dhlhjh]h aZijZrb\Z_lky� gZoh�

^blky \ aZijZrb\Z_fhf ]hkm^Zjkl\_±mqZklgbd_ b

dh]^Z wlh ij_klmie_gb_ gZdZam_fh ih \gmlj_gg_fm

aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\m h[hbo ]hkm^Zjkl\34.

8 2 . DZd m`_ mihfbgZehkv \ jZa^_e_� dZkZxs_fky

xjbk^bdpbb� kh]eZkgh Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb

H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd� gZ l_j�

jblhjbb dhlhjh]h gZoh^blky ebph� ih^haj_\Z_fh_ \

kh\_jr_gbb ij_klmie_gby� _keb hgh g_ \u^Z_l lZdh_

ebph \ k\yab k ij_klmie_gb_f� d dhlhjhfm ijbf_gy�

_lky Dhg\_gpby� ebrv gZ lhf hkgh\Zgbb� qlh hgh

y\ey_lky h^gbf ba _]h ]jZ`^Zg� h[yaZgh� ih ijhkv[_

]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ� aZijZrb\Zxs_]h \u^Zqm� i_�

j_^Zlv ^_eh [_a g_hijZ\^Zgguo aZ^_j`_d k\hbf

dhfi_l_glguf hj]ZgZf êy p_eb ij_ke_^h\Zgby

�klZlvy �� imgdl 1 0 ) 35 � B gZdhg_p� ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±

mqZklgbdb g_ fh]ml hldZau\Zlv \ \uiheg_gbb ijhkv�

[u h \u^Zq_ ebrv gZ lhf hkgh\Zgbb� qlh ij_klmi�

e_gb_ kqblZ_lky lZd`_ k\yaZgguf k gZeh]h\ufb

\hijhkZfb �klZlvy �� imgdl 1 5 ) .

8 3 . Kh]eZkgh klZlv_ �� ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdb hdZ�

au\Zxl ^jm] ^jm]m kZfmx rbjhdmx \aZbfgmx ijZ\h�

\mx ihfhsv \ jZkke_^h\Zgbb� m]heh\ghf ij_ke_�

^h\Zgbb beb km^_[ghf jZa[bjZl_evkl\_ \ k\yab k

ij_klmie_gbyfb� ho\Zlu\Z_fufb Dhg\_gpb_c� Iheh�

`_gby wlhc klZlvb fh]ml bkihevah\Zlvky êy ihem�

q_gby k\b^_l_evkdbo ihdZaZgbc beb ^jm]bo aZy\e_�

16

E/CN/15/2001/3

gbc� ijh\_^_gby h[ukdZ beb ijhba\h^kl\Z \u_fdb

beb Zj_klZ� \jmq_gby km^_[guo ^hdmf_glh\� hkfhljZ

h[t_dlh\ b mqZkldh\ f_klghklb� ihemq_gby ihêbg�

gbdh\ ^hdmf_glh\ beb aZ\_j_gguo dhibc� \uy\e_gby

beb hlke_`b\Zgby ^hoh^h\ hl ij_klmie_gbc beb

^jm]h]h bfms_kl\Z� ihemq_gby [Zgdh\kdbo�

dhjihjZlb\guo beb bguo ^hdmf_glh\� kh^_ckl\by

y\d_ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo ebp \ hj]Zgu aZijZrb\Z�

xs_]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ beb ihemq_gby ex[hc

bghc ihfhsb� g_ ijhlb\hj_qZs_c aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\m

khhl\_lkl\mxsbo ]hkm^Zjkl\ �klZlvy �� imgdl 3 ) .

8 4 . Kh]eZkgh imgdlm � klZlvb �� ]hkm^Zjkl\Z –mqZklgbdb Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo

GZpbc g_ hldZau\Zxl \ ij_^hklZ\e_gbb \aZbfghc

ijZ\h\hc ihfhsb gZ hkgh\Zgbb [Zgdh\kdhc lZcgu36.

8 5 . Djhf_ lh]h� \ Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^b�

g_gguo GZpbc hij_^_eyxlky lZd`_ h[sb_ hkgh\Z�

gby êy ijh\_^_gby kh\f_klguo jZkke_^h\Zgbc �klZ�

lvy �� ihjy^hd khljm^gbq_kl\Z \ bkihevah\Zgbb

ki_pbZevguo f_lh^h\ jZkke_^h\Zgby� lZdbo dZd

we_dljhggh_ gZ[ex^_gb_� b h[s_]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z

f_`^m ijZ\hhojZgbl_evgufb hj]ZgZfb �klZlvb 2 0b �� Ihhsjy_lky lZd`_ jZajZ[hldZ gZpbhgZevguo

ijh]jZff ih^]hlh\db dZ^jh\ b hdZaZgb_ l_ogbq_kdhc

ihfhsb ^jm]bf ]hkm^Zjkl\Zf \ \hijhkZo� k\yaZgguo

k ih^]hlh\dhc i_jkhgZeZ �klZlvb �� b 3 0 ) .

8 6 . Dhg\_gpby Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_l�

kl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx lZd`_ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l

bkihevah\Zgb_ f_`^mgZjh^gh]h khljm^gbq_kl\Z \

jZkke_^h\Zgbb b m]heh\ghf ij_ke_^h\Zgbb� < hlgh�

r_gbb \aZbfghc ihfhsb imgdl � klZlvb �� ]eZkbl�

qlh mqZklgbdb hdZau\Zxl ^jm] ^jm]m kZfmx rbjh�

dmx \aZbfgmx ihfhsv� \uihegyy ijhkv[u khhl\_l�

kl\mxsbo hj]Zgh\� Wlh iheh`_gb_ kh^_j`bl ^hihe�

gbl_evgh_ lj_[h\Zgb_ h g_aZf_êbl_evghf \uiheg_�

gbb ijhkv[� <h \aZbfghc ihfhsb fh`_l [ulv hldZ�

aZgh� _keb khhl\_lkl\mxsZy ijhkv[Z ih^ju\Z_l

hkgh\hiheZ]Zxsb_ bgl_j_ku� gZpbhgZevguc km\_j_�

gbl_l� gZpbhgZevgmx [_ahiZkghklv beb h[s_kl\_g�

guc ihjy^hd aZijZrb\Z_fh]h mqZklgbdZ �klZlvy 2 6 ,imgdl �� =hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdb g_ fh]ml kkueZlvky

gZ [Zgdh\kdmx lZcgm \ dZq_kl\_ hkgh\Zgby êy

hldZaZ \ f_`^mgZjh^ghf khljm^gbq_kl\_ �klZlvy 2 6 ,imgdl 3 ) .

8 7 . KlZlvy �� <u^ZqZ�� ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l� qlh m]h�

eh\gu_ ij_klmie_gby� ijbagZggu_ \ dZq_kl\_ lZdh�

\uo \ khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu�

kqblZxlky \dexq_ggufb \ ex[hc kms_kl\mxsbc

f_`^m mqZklgbdZfb ^h]h\hj h \u^Zq_ \ dZq_kl\_ ij_�

klmie_gbc� dhlhju_ fh]ml ih\e_qv \u^Zqm� MqZkl�

gbdb h[yamxlky \dexqZlv lZdb_ ij_klmie_gby \

dZq_kl\_ ij_klmie_gbc� dhlhju_ fh]ml ih\e_qv \u^Z�

qm� \ ex[hc ^h]h\hj h \u^Zq_� dhlhjuc [m^_l aZdex�

q_g f_`^m gbfb� ?keb mqZklgbd� h[mkeh\eb\Zxsbc

\u^Zqm gZebqb_f ^h]h\hjZ� ihemqZ_l ijhkv[m h

\u^Zq_ hl ^jm]h]h mqZklgbdZ� k dhlhjuf hg g_ bf__l

^h]h\hjZ h \u^Zq_� hg fh`_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv Dhg�

\_gpbx \ dZq_kl\_ ijZ\h\h]h hkgh\Zgby êy \u^Zqb

\ k\yab k ex[uf m]heh\guf ij_klmie_gb_f� d dhlh�

jhfm ijbf_gy_lky Dhg\_gpby� MqZklgbdb� g_ h[m�

keh\eb\Zxsb_ \u^Zqm gZebqb_f ^h]h\hjZ� \

hlghr_gbyo f_`^m kh[hc ijbagZxl ij_klmie_gby�

gZ dhlhju_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky Dhg\_gpby� \ dZq_kl\_

ij_klmie_gbc� dhlhju_ fh]ml ih\e_qv \u^Zqm�

8 8 . < k\yab k \hijhkhf \u^Zqb b m]heh\gh]h ij_�

ke_^h\Zgby Dhg\_gpby ?\jhi_ckdh]h KhxaZ h aZsbl_

nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ lj_[m_l� qlh[u dZ`^h_ ]hkm�

^Zjkl\h±qe_g� dhlhjh_ \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbf aZdh�

gh^Zl_evkl\hf g_ \u^Z_l k\hbo ]jZ`^Zg� ijbgyeh

g_h[oh^bfu_ f_ju êy mklZgh\e_gby k\h_c xjbk�

^bdpbb \ hlghr_gbb ij_klmie_gbc� ijbagZgguo lZ�

dh\ufb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c� dh]^Z ij_�

klmie_gb_ kh\_jrZ_lky _]h ]jZ`^ZgZfb aZ ij_^_eZfb

_]h l_jjblhjbb �klZlvy � imgdl �� Djhf_ lh]h�

]hkm^Zjkl\h±qe_g g_ fh`_l hldZau\Zlv \ \u^Zq_ \

kemqZ_ fhr_ggbq_kl\Z� aZljZ]b\Zxs_]h nbgZgkh\u_

bgl_j_ku ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[s_kl\� ebrv gZ lhf

hkgh\Zgbb� qlh hgh ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc ij_klmie_�

gb_� k\yaZggh_ k gZeh]h\ufb beb lZfh`_ggufb

\hijhkZfb �klZlvy � imgdl �� KlZlvy � ]eZkbl� qlh

]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu Zdlb\gh khljm^gbqZxl ^jm] k

^jm]hf� _keb fhr_ggbq_kl\h� kh]eZkgh hij_^_e_�

gbx� kh^_j`Zs_fmky \ Dhg\_gpbb� aZljZ]b\Z_l g_

f_g__ ^\mo ]hkm^Zjkl\±qe_gh\�

8 9 . < klZlv_ � <lhjh]h ijhlhdheZ d Dhg\_gpbb

?\jhi_ckdh]h KhxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_�

kh\ kh^_j`Zlky iheh`_gby� j_]mebjmxsb_ khljm^gb�

q_kl\h f_`^m ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±qe_gZfb b Dhfbkkb_c \

h[eZklb� gZ dhlhjmx jZkijhkljZgy_lky ^_ckl\b_ wlhc

Dhg\_gpbb b ijhlhdheh\ d g_c� b mklZgZ\eb\Zxlky

h[yaZl_evkl\Z� \ul_dZxsb_ ba wlbo iheh`_gbc h

khljm^gbq_kl\_ ijbf_gbl_evgh d Dhfbkkbb� Kh]eZ�

kgh wlhc klZlv_� ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu b Dhfbkkby kh�

ljm^gbqZxl ^jm] k ^jm]hf \ [hjv[_ k fhr_ggbq_kl�

\hf� Zdlb\ghc b iZkkb\ghc dhjjmipb_c b hlfu\Z�

gb_f ^_g_]� K wlhc p_evx Dhfbkkby hdZau\Z_l lZdmx

l_ogbq_kdmx b hi_jZlb\gmx ihfhsv� dZdmx dhfi_�

17

E/CN.15/2001/3

l_glgu_ b gZpbhgZevgu_ hj]Zgu khqlml g_h[oh�

^bfhc êy kh^_ckl\by dhhj^bgZpbb ijh\h^bfuo bfb

jZkke_^h\Zgbc� Dhfi_l_glgu_ hj]Zgu \ ]hkm^Zj�

kl\Zo±qe_gZo fh]ml h[f_gb\Zlvky bgnhjfZpb_c k

Dhfbkkb_c� k l_f qlh[u h[e_]qblv _c mklZgh\e_gb_

nZdlh\ b h[_ki_qblv ijbgylb_ wnn_dlb\guo f_j ih

[hjv[_ k fhr_ggbq_kl\hf� Zdlb\ghc b iZkkb\ghc

dhjjmipb_c b hlfu\Zgb_f ^_g_]� Dhfbkkby b dhfi_�

l_glgu_ gZpbhgZevgu_ hj]Zgu mqblu\Zxl \ dZ`^hf

dhgdj_lghf kemqZ_ lj_[h\Zgby� k\yaZggu_ k h[_ki_�

q_gb_f k_dj_lghklb jZkke_^h\Zgby b aZsblhc ^Zg�

guo�

9 0 . Iheh`_gby Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h

[hjv[_ ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb� dZkZxsb_ky \u^Zqb� m]h�

eh\gh]h ij_ke_^h\Zgby b khljm^gbq_kl\Z �klZlvb � b

�� \ agZqbl_evghc kl_i_gb hkgh\u\Zxlky gZ iheh`_�

gbyo Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nb�

gZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\� Ghjfu� kh^_j`Zsb_ky \ wlhc

Dhg\_gpbb� ijba\Zgu ^hihegblv ijbf_gbl_evgh d

dhjjmipbhgguf ij_klmie_gbyf� \ dhlhjuo aZf_rZ�

gu ^he`ghklgu_ ebpZ Khh[s_kl\Z b ^he`ghklgu_

ebpZ ]hkm^Zjkl\±qe_gh\� h[yaZl_evkl\Z h \u^Zq_

k\hbo kh[kl\_gguo ]jZ`^Zg� dhlhju_ m`_ ^_ckl\mxl

\ hlghr_gbyo f_`^m ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±qe_gZfb b

\ul_dZxl ba ^\mklhjhggbo beb fgh]hklhjhggbo

kh]eZr_gbc h \u^Zq_�

9 1 . KlZlvy X I I I Dhg\_gpbb H:= j_]mebjm_l \hijhk

h \u^Zq_ ba h^gh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdZ \ ^jm]h_

aZ ij_klmie_gby� ijbagZ\Z_fu_ \ dZq_kl\_ lZdh\uo \

khhl\_lkl\bb k wlhc Dhg\_gpb_c37 � Dhg\_gpby kh^_j�

`bl lZd`_ iheh`_gby h \aZbfghc ihfhsb b khljm^�

gbq_kl\_ b ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l� qlh ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZkl�

gbdb \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbfb \gmlj_ggbfb aZdh�

gZfb b ijbf_gbfufb ^h]h\hjZfb hdZau\Zxl ^jm]

^jm]m kZfmx rbjhdmx \aZbfgmx ihfhsv� \uihegyy

ijhkv[u hj]Zgh\� dhlhju_ kh]eZkgh bo \gmlj_gg_fm

aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\m miheghfhq_gu hkms_kl\eylv jZk�

ke_^h\Zgb_ beb m]heh\gh_ ij_ke_^h\Zgb_ \ k\yab k

ZdlZfb dhjjmipbb� hibkZggufb \ Dhg\_gpbb� ihem�

qZlv k\b^_l_evkdb_ ihdZaZgby b ijbgbfZlv ^jm]b_

g_h[oh^bfu_ f_ju êy kh^_ckl\by km^_[ghfm ijhba�

\h^kl\m b f_ju \ hlghr_gbb jZkke_^h\Zgby beb

m]heh\gh]h ij_ke_^h\Zgby \ k\yab k ZdlZfb dhj�

jmipbb �klZlvy X I V � imgdl 1 ) .

9 2 . =hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdb hdZau\Zxl lZd`_ ^jm]

^jm]m kZfh_ rbjhdh_ \aZbfgh_ l_ogbq_kdh_ kh^_c�

kl\b_ ih bkihevah\Zgbx gZb[he__ wnn_dlb\guo im�

l_c b kj_^kl\ ij_^mij_`^_gby� h[gZjm`_gby� jZk�

ke_^h\Zgby b gZdZaZgby Zdlh\ dhjjmipbb �klZ�

lvy X I V, imgdl �� Djhf_ lh]h� hl ]hkm^Zjkl\±mqZkl�

gbdh\ lj_[m_lky� k kh[ex^_gb_f bo ^_ckl\mxsbo

\gmlj_ggbo aZdhgh\ b khhl\_lkl\mxsbo ^h]h\hjh\

beb ^jm]bo kh]eZr_gbc� dhlhju_ fh]ml ^_ckl\h\Zlv \

hlghr_gbyo f_`^m gbfb� hdZau\Zlv ^jm] ^jm]m \

fZdkbfZevgh \hafh`ghf h[t_f_ ihfhsv \

\uy\e_gbb� hlke_`b\Zgbb� Zj_kl_� \u_fd_ b dhgnbk�

dZpbb bfms_kl\Z beb ^hoh^h\� dhlhju_ [ueb ihem�

q_gu beb j_Zebah\Zgu \ j_amevlZl_ kh\_jr_gby

ij_klmie_gbc� ijbagZgguo \ dZq_kl\_ lZdh\uo \

khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c� beb bkihevah\Zebkv ijb

bo kh\_jr_gbb �klZlvy X V ) .

9 3 . Kh]eZkgh klZlv_ X V I aZijZrb\Z_fh_ ]hkm^Zj�

kl\h g_ fh`_l kkueZlvky gZ [Zgdh\kdmx lZcgm \

dZq_kl\_ hkgh\Zgby êy hldZaZ \ ij_^hklZ\e_gbb ih�

fhsb� h dhlhjhc ijhkbl aZijZrb\Zxs__ ]hkm^Zj�

kl\h�

9 4 . =hkm^Zjkl\Z – mqZklgbdb Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ h[y�

amxlky hdZau\Zlv \aZbfgmx ijZ\h\mx ihfhsv� \

dhlhjhc g_ fh`_l [ulv hldZaZgh \ kemqZ_ m]heh\guo

^_e� gZ dhlhju_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky ^_ckl\b_ Dhg�

\_gpbb� gZ hkgh\Zgbb [Zgdh\kdhc lZcgu� b \uihe�

gylv ijhkv[u h \u^Zq_ \ kemqZ_ ih^dmiZ bghkljZg�

guo ^he`ghklguo ebp �klZlvb � b �� khhl\_lkl�

\_ggh��

9 5 . B gZdhg_p� [hevrbgkl\h jZkkfZljb\Z_fuo

^hdmf_glh\ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l gZagZq_gb_ gZ gZpbh�

gZevghf mjh\g_ p_gljZevgh]h hj]ZgZ k p_evx kh^_c�

kl\by f_`^mgZjh^ghfm khljm^gbq_kl\m f_`^m ]hkm�

^Zjkl\Zfb±mqZklgbdZfb38.

&� ��" ��

9 6 . ;hevrbgkl\h ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glh\ h [hjv[_ k

dhjjmipb_c ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l f_oZgbaf êy h[ahjZ b

hp_gdb oh^Z bo hkms_kl\e_gby�

9 7 . Kh]eZkgh klZlv_ �� Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb

H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc mqj_`^Z_lky Dhgn_j_gpby

mqZklgbdh\ Dhg\_gpbb \ p_eyo jZkrbj_gby \ha�

fh`ghkl_c ]hkm^Zjkl\±mqZklgbdh\ ih [hjv[_ k

ljZgkgZpbhgZevghc hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmighklvx�

Z lZd`_ kh^_ckl\by hkms_kl\e_gbx Dhg\_gpbb b

ijh\_^_gby h[ahjZ oh^Z __ hkms_kl\e_gby� Dhgn_�

j_gpby mqZklgbdh\ [m^_l kha\ZgZ =_g_jZevguf k_d�

j_lZj_f Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc g_ iha^�

g__� q_f q_j_a h^bg ]h^ ihke_ \klmie_gby Dhg\_gpbb

18

E/CN/15/2001/3

\ kbem� Ij_îheZ]Z_lky� qlh dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±

mqZklgbd [m^_l ij_^klZ\eylv Dhgn_j_gpbb mqZklgb�

dh\ bgnhjfZpbx h k\hbo ijh]jZffZo� ieZgZo b

ijZdlbd_� Z lZd`_ h aZdhgh^Zl_evguo b Z^fbgbkljZ�

lb\guo f_jZo� gZijZ\e_gguo gZ hkms_kl\e_gb_

Dhg\_gpbb�

9 8 . Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc b

]jZ`^Zgkdh±ijZ\h\hc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx

ij_^mkfZljb\Zxl kha^Zgb_ =jmiiu ]hkm^Zjkl\ ih

[hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c �=J?DH� êy gZ[ex^_gby aZ

oh^hf hkms_kl\e_gby wlbo ^hdmf_glh\ mqZklgbdZfb�

9 9 . =jmiiZ ]hkm^Zjkl\ ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb [ueZ

mqj_`^_gZ \ fZ_ �� ]h^Z ij_^klZ\bl_eyfb Dhfb�

l_lZ fbgbkljh\ ;_ev]bb� ;he]Zjbb� =_jfZgbb� =j_�

pbb� BjeZg^bb� BkeZg^bb� BkiZgbb� DbijZ� Ebl\u�

Exdk_f[mj]Z� Jmfugbb� Keh\Zdbb� Keh\_gbb� Nbg�

eyg^bb� NjZgpbb� R\_pbb b Wklhgbb39 � =J?DH [u�

eZ mqj_`^_gZ gZ i_j\hgZqZevguc i_jbh^ \ ljb ]h^Z�

ih bkl_q_gbb dhlhjh]h [m^_l ijhZgZebabjh\ZgZ __

jZ[hlZ� AZ^ZqZ =J?DH aZdexqZ_lky \ mdj_ie_gbb ih�

l_gpbZeZ __ qe_gh\ ih [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c ihkj_^�

kl\hf gZâhjZ aZ kh[ex^_gb_f ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb bo

h[yaZl_evkl\ \ wlhc h[eZklb�

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^_ey_lky h[sZy ijhp_^mjZ� dhlhjmx fh`gh Z^Zilb�

jh\Zlv ijbf_gbl_evgh d jZaguf jZkkfZljb\Z_fuf

^hdmf_glZf� =J?DH hl\_qZ_l� \ qZklghklb� aZ gZâhj

aZ kh[ex^_gb_f �� ^bj_dlb\guo ijbgpbih\ [hjv[u

k dhjjmipb_c b hkms_kl\e_gb_f f_`^mgZjh^gh±

ijZ\h\uo ^hdmf_glh\� ijbgyluo \h bkiheg_gb_ ijh�

]jZffu ^_ckl\bc ih [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c40 �dhg�

\_gpbc h[ m]heh\ghf b ]jZ`^Zgkdhf ijZ\_ b dhj�

jmipbb� b j_dhf_g^Zpbb R ( 2 0 0 0 ) �� h dh^_dkZo

ih\_^_gby ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo kem`Zsbo�

1 0 1 . Ba kibkdZ wdki_jlh\� ij_êh`_gguo qe_gZfb

=J?DH� [ueb knhjfbjh\Zgu ki_pbZevgu_ ]jmiiu

wdki_jlh\ êy hp_gdb \uiheg_gby dZ`ûf qe_ghf

khhl\_lkl\mxsbo ^hdmf_glh\ \ oh^_ dZ`^h]h jZmg^Z

hp_gdb� Ij_îheZ]Z_lky� qlh ]jmiiu ih hp_gd_ [m^ml

ZgZebabjh\Zlv hl\_lu gZ \hijhkgbdb� aZijZrb\Zlv b

jZkkfZljb\Zlv ^hihegbl_evgmx bgnhjfZpbx� dhlh�

jZy [m^_l ij_^klZ\eylvky \ mklghc beb ibkvf_gghc

nhjf_� ihk_sZlv kljZgu±qe_gu k p_evx ihemq_gby

^hihegbl_evghc bgnhjfZpbb� g_h[oh^bfhc êy ijh�

\_^_gby hp_gdb� b ih^]hlZ\eb\Zlv ijh_dlu ^hdeZ^h\

h[ hp_gd_ êy h[km`^_gby b ijbgylby gZ ie_gZjguo

k_kkbyo41.

1 0 2 . Qlh dZkZ_lky hkms_kl\e_gby ^hdmf_glh\ ?\jh�

i_ckdh]h khxaZ� lh gb h^bg ba wlbo l_dklh\ _s_ g_

\klmibe \ kbem �g_ kqblZy Kh\f_klguo ^_ckl\bc

?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ ih [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c \ qZkl�

ghf k_dlhj_� \ hlghr_gbb dhlhjh]h ijbf_gy_lky

bgZy ijhp_^mjZ�� ihkdhevdm _s_ gb h^gh ]hkm^Zj�

kl\h±qe_g g_ aZ\_jrbeh khhl\_lkl\mxsbo ijhp_^mj

ih jZlbnbdZpbb ^hdmf_glh\ gZ gZpbhgZevghf mjh\�

g_ b g_ ijbgyeh g_h[oh^bfh]h aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z ih

bo hkms_kl\e_gbx�

1 0 3 . < j_dhf_g^Zpbb �� kh^_j`Zs_cky \ ^hdmf_gl_

�Ij_^mij_`^_gb_ hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmighklb b

[hjv[Z k g_c� _\jhi_ckdZy kljZl_]by gZ gZqZeh gh\h�

]h lukyq_e_lby� Kh\_lZ ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ� dhjjmi�

pby mihfbgZ_lky \ dhgl_dkl_ nbgZgkh\hc ij_klmi�

ghklb \ dZq_kl\_ h^gh]h ba l_o ij_klmie_gbc� \ k\yab

k dhlhjufb Kh\_l ^he`_g ijbgylv ^hdmf_glu \

p_eyo \aZbfghc m\yadb aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\ ]hkm^Zjkl\±

qe_gh\ ihkj_^kl\hf kh]eZkh\Zgby h[sbo hij_^_e_�

gbc� ijZ\hgZjmr_gbc b kZgdpbc b jZajZ[hldb [he__

h[s_c iheblbdb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ� < j_dhf_g^Z�

pbb �� wlh]h `_ ^hdmf_glZ Kh\_lm b ]hkm^Zjkl\Zf±

qe_gZf gZklhyl_evgh j_dhf_g^m_lky jZlbnbpbjh\Zlv

Z� d k_j_^bg_ �� ]h^Z Dhg\_gpbx ?\jhi_ckdh]h

khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\� b ) d dhgpm

2 0 0 1 ]h^Z ^\Z ijhlhdheZ d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h

khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\� b k� d dhgpm

2 0 0 1 ]h^Z Dhg\_gpbx h [hjv[_ ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb�

aZljZ]b\Zxs_c ^he`ghklguo ebp ?\jhi_ckdbo khh[�

s_kl\ beb ^he`ghklguo ebp ]hkm^Zjkl\ – qe_gh\?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ�

1 0 4 . < k\yab k ijh\_^_gb_f h[ahjZ oh^Z hkms_kl\�

e_gby wlbo ^hdmf_glh\ ke_^m_l hlf_lblv� qlh IeZg

^_ckl\bc ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ ih [hjv[_ k hj]Zgbah�

\Zgghc ij_klmighklvx �� ]h^� ij_^mkfZljb\Ze

kha^Zgb_ f_oZgbafZ g_aZ\bkbfhc Z\lhjbl_lghc

hp_gdb� dhlhjuc \ h[eZklb [hjv[u ijhlb\ dhjjmipbb

ihdZ g_ ijbf_gyeky� H^gZdh ke_^m_l hlf_lblv� qlh

\Z`gZy jhev \ wlhf ieZg_ hl\h^blky ?\jhi_ckdhfm

km^m� dhlhjuc gZ^_e_g ijZ\hf lhedh\Zgby ijZ\h\uo

^hdmf_glh\ b fh`_l ijbgbfZlv j_r_gby \ kemqZ_

kihjh\ \ hlghr_gbb dhg\_gpbc b ijhlhdheh\ �h^gZdh

wlh g_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky gZ Kh\f_klgu_ ^_ckl\by

?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ��

1 0 5 . Qlh dZkZ_lky Dhg\_gpbb H:=� lh \ gZklhys__

\j_fy jZkkfZljb\Z_lky \hijhk h kha^Zgbb f_oZgbafZ

gZâhjZ aZ oh^hf __ hkms_kl\e_gby�

19

E/CN.15/2001/3

1 0 6 . < jZfdZo JZ[hq_c ]jmiiu HWKJ ih [hjv[_ k

ih^dmihf \ f_`^mgZjh^guo dhff_jq_kdbo k^_edZo b

\ khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c HWKJ �klZlvy �� b

i_j_kfhlj_gghc j_dhf_g^Zpb_c h [hjv[_ k ih^dmihf

\ f_`^mgZjh^guo dhff_jq_kdbo k^_edZo [ueZ ijb�

gylZ kljh]Zy ijhp_^mjZ kZfhhp_gdb b \aZbfghc

hp_gdb êy h[_ki_q_gby kh[ex^_gby Dhg\_gpbb b

\uiheg_gby i_j_kfhlj_gghc j_dhf_g^Zpbb�

1 0 7 . < jZfdZo i_j\h]h wlZiZ ijhp_kkZ h[ke_^h\Zgby�

dhlhjuc gZqZeky \ Zij_e_ �� ]h^Z� ijh\h^blky

hp_gdZ lh]h� gZkdhevdh aZdhgu kljZg� dZkZxsb_ky

hkms_kl\e_gby� khhl\_lkl\mxl Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ� <

h[s_c keh`ghklb �� kljZgZ ba �� kljZg� ihîbkZ\�

rbo Dhg\_gpbx� dhlhju_ k^Zeb gZ ojZg_gb_ k\hb

jZlbnbdZpbhggu_ ]jZfhlu beb ^hdmf_glu h

ijbkh_^bg_gbb d Dhg\_gpbb d bxgx �� ]h^Z42,ihê_`Zeb kljh]hfm g_aZ\bkbfhfm h[ke_^h\Zgbx \

jZfdZo i_j\h]h wlZiZ� Ih dZ`^hc h[ke_^h\Zgghc

kljZg_ JZ[hqZy ]jmiiZ ijbgyeZ ^hdeZ^� \dexqZy

j_amevlZlu hp_gdb� dhlhjuc [ue him[ebdh\Zg ihke_

kh\_sZgby HWKJ gZ mjh\g_ fbgbkljh\43 � H[ke_^h�

\Zgb_ \k_o hklZevguo kljZg� ihîbkZ\rbo Dhg\_g�

pbx� [m^_l ijh\_^_gh ihke_ ijbgylby bfb aZdhgh\

h[ hkms_kl\e_gbb b jZlbnbdZpbb Dhg\_gpbb� b bo

^hdeZ^� \dexqZy j_amevlZlu hp_gdb� [m^_l ij_^klZ\�

e_g fbgbkljZf \ gZqZe_ �� ]h^Z� I_j\uc wlZi

ijhp_kkZ h[ke_^h\Zgby ^he`_g [ulv aZ\_jr_g \

l_q_gb_ �� ]h^Z�

1 0 8 . DZd y\kl\m_l ba __ ^hdeZ^Z h[ hkms_kl\e_gbb

Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ� ij_^klZ\e_ggh]h \ bxg_ �� ]h�

^Z44 � JZ[hqZy ]jmiiZ hlf_lbeZ� qlh ij_h[eZ^Zxs__

[hevrbgkl\h kljZg \ p_ehf kh[ex^Zxl k\hb h[yaZ�

l_evkl\Z ih Dhg\_gpbb� < kemqZyo� dh]^Z JZ[hqZy

]jmiiZ \uy\eyeZ ihl_gpbZevgu_ eZa_cdb beb ijh[_�

eu \ aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_ beb kqblZeZ� qlh gZpbhgZev�

gu_ iheh`_gby mklmiZxl klZg^ZjlZf� hij_^_e_gguf

\ Dhg\_gpbb� hgZ \ughkbeZ dhgdj_lgu_ j_dhf_g^Z�

pbb ih mkljZg_gbx \uy\e_gguo g_^hklZldh\� <

^jm]bo kemqZyo JZ[hqZy ]jmiiZ mdZau\ZeZ� qlh l_ beb

bgu_ \hijhku lj_[mxl ^hihegbl_evgh]h bamq_gby \

dZq_kl\_ �]hjbahglZevguo \hijhkh\�� \ebyxsbo gZ

hkms_kl\e_gb_ Dhg\_gpbb �gZijbf_j� hl\_lkl\_g�

ghklv xjb^bq_kdbo ebp� kZgdpbb� \dexqZy Zj_kl b

dhgnbkdZpbx \aylhd b ^hoh^h\� xjbk^bdpby b

\aZbfgZy ijZ\h\Zy ihfhsv�� < hl^_evguo kljZgZo

ihlj_[m_lky lZd`_ hkms_kl\e_gb_ dhgdj_lguo

ihke_^mxsbo f_j gZ \lhjhf wlZi_ ijhp_kkZ h[ke_�

^h\Zgby�

1 0 9 . <lhjhc wlZi ijhp_kkZ h[ke_^h\Zgby gZqg_lky \

k_j_^bg_ �� ]h^Z� < jZfdZo wlh]h wlZiZ hkgh\gh_

\gbfZgb_ [m^_l m^_eylvky kljmdlmjZf kljZg� dhlhju_

^he`gu h[_ki_qb\Zlv kh[ex^_gb_ aZdhgh\ b ghjf�

dZkZxsboky hkms_kl\e_gby Dhg\_gpbb� b hp_gb\Zlv

bo ijbf_g_gb_ gZ ijZdlbd_� <lhjhc wlZi ij_^mkfZl�

jb\Z_l lZd`_ jZkrbj_gb_ h[ke_^h\Zgby k p_evx

[he__ ihegh ho\Zlblv bf g_ k\yaZggu_ k m]heh\guf

ijZ\hf Zki_dlu i_j_kfhlj_gghc j_dhf_g^Zpbb�

I . ��

11 0 . Ihfbfh \ur_mihfygmluo iheh`_gbc [hev�

rbgkl\h ^hdmf_glh\ kh^_j`Zl ^jm]b_ khhl\_lkl�

\mxsb_ f_ju� gZijbf_j f_ju� gZijZ\e_ggu_ gZ

Zj_kl b dhgnbkdZpbx ^hoh^h\ hl ij_klmie_gbc� gZ

dhlhju_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky ^_ckl\b_ khhl\_lkl\m�

xsbo iheh`_gbc� beb bfms_kl\Z� klhbfhklv dhlh�

jh]h khhl\_lkl\m_l h[t_fm lZdbo ^hoh^h\�

11 1 . < k\yab k dhgnbkdZpb_c b Zj_klhf Dhg\_gpby

Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc ij_^mkfZljb�

\Z_l� qlh ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdb ijbgbfZxl� \ fZd�

kbfZevghc kl_i_gb� \hafh`ghc \ jZfdZo bo \gmlj_g�

gbo ijZ\h\uo kbkl_f� lZdb_ f_ju� dhlhju_ fh]ml

ihlj_[h\Zlvky êy h[_ki_q_gby \hafh`ghklb dhg�

nbkdZpbb Z� ^hoh^h\ hl ij_klmie_gbc� ho\Zlu\Z_fuo

Dhg\_gpb_c� beb bfms_kl\Z� klhbfhklv dhlhjh]h

khhl\_lkl\m_l klhbfhklb lZdbo ^hoh^h\� b E� bfms_�

kl\Z� h[hjm^h\Zgby beb ^jm]bo kj_^kl\� bkihevah\Z\�

rboky beb ij_^gZagZqZ\rboky êy bkihevah\Zgby

ijb kh\_jr_gbb ij_klmie_gbc� ho\Zlu\Z_fuo Dhg�

\_gpb_c �klZlvy �� imgdl 1 ) .

11 2 . >ey p_e_c klZlvb �� DhgnbkdZpby b Zj_kl�� b

klZlvb �� F_`^mgZjh^gh_ khljm^gbq_kl\h \ p_eyo

dhgnbkdZpbb�� dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd mihe�

ghfhqb\Z_l k\hb kmû beb ^jm]b_ dhfi_l_glgu_

hj]Zgu ba^Z\Zlv ihklZgh\e_gby h ij_^klZ\e_gbb beb

Zj_kl_ [Zgdh\kdbo� nbgZgZkh\uo beb dhff_jq_kdbo

^hdmf_glh\� =hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdb g_ mdehgyxlky

hl ijbgylby f_j� kkueZykv gZ g_h[oh^bfhklv khojZ�

g_gby [Zgdh\kdhc lZcgu �klZlvy �� imgdl 6 ) .

11 3 . <hijhku jZkihjy`_gby dhgnbkdh\Zggufb ^h�

oh^Zfb hl ij_klmie_gbc beb bfms_kl\hf j_]mebjm�

xlky klZlv_c �� kh]eZkgh dhlhjhc� ^hoh^Zfb hl ij_�

klmie_gbc beb bfms_kl\hf� dhgnbkdh\Zggufb ]hkm�

^Zjkl\hf±mqZklgbdhf gZ hkgh\Zgbb Dhg\_gpbb� jZk�

ihjy`Z_lky wlh ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd \ khhl\_lkl�

20

E/CN/15/2001/3

\bb kh k\hbf \gmlj_ggbf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf b Z^fb�

gbkljZlb\gufb ijhp_^mjZfb�

11 4 . Kh]eZkgh klZlv_ �� Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu

h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx� dZ`�

ûc mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l lZdb_ aZdhgh^Zl_evgu_ b

^jm]b_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky êy h[_k�

i_q_gby \hafh`ghklb dhgnbkdZpbb beb bgh]h

batylby kj_^kl\ b ^hoh^h\ hl ij_klmie_gbc� ijb�

agZgguo \ dZq_kl\_ lZdh\uo \ khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg�

\_gpb_c� beb bfms_kl\Z� klhbfhklv dhlhjh]h khhl�

\_lkl\m_l klhbfhklb lZdbo ^hoh^h\�

11 5 . DZ`ûc mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l lZdb_ aZdhgh^Z�

l_evgu_ b ^jm]b_ f_ju� dhlhju_ fh]ml ihlj_[h�

\Zlvky� \dexqZy f_ju� iha\heyxsb_ bkihevah\Zlv

ki_pbZevgu_ f_ju jZkke_^h\Zgby� \ khhl\_lkl\bb k

gZpbhgZevguf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf� êy kh^_ckl\by

k[hjm ^hdZaZl_evguo ^Zgguo \ k\yab k ij_klmie_�

gbyfb� ijbagZggufb \ dZq_kl\_ lZdh\uo \ khhl\_lkl�

\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c� b êy \uy\e_gby� hlke_`b\Zgby�

Zj_klZ b \u_fdb kj_^kl\ b ^hoh^h\ hl dhjjmipbb beb

bfms_kl\Z� klhbfhklv dhlhjh]h khhl\_lkl\m_l klhb�

fhklb lZdbo ^hoh^h\� gZ dhlhju_ jZkijhkljZgyxlky

f_ju� ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ \ klZlv_ �� klZlvy 2 3imgdl �� Djhf_ lh]h� dZ`ûc mqZklgbd ijbgbfZ_l

lZdb_ aZdhgh^Zl_evgu_ b ^jm]b_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml

ihlj_[h\Zlvky êy lh]h� qlh[u miheghfhqblv k\hb

kmû b ^jm]b_ dhfi_l_glgu_ hj]Zgu ba^Z\Zlv ihklZ�

gh\e_gby h ij_^klZ\e_gbb beb Zj_kl_ [Zgdh\kdbo�

nbgZgkh\uo beb dhff_jq_kdbo ^hdmf_glh\ êy hkm�

s_kl\e_gby f_j� mihfygmluo \ imgdl_ � klZlvb 2 3�klZlvy �� imgdl 2 ) .

11 6 . KlZlvy � <lhjh]h ijhlhdheZ d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jh�

i_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\ ij_�

^mkfZljb\Z_l� qlh dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±qe_g ijbgb�

fZ_l g_h[oh^bfu_ f_ju êy h[_ki_q_gby \hafh`�

ghklb Zj_klZ b� [_a ms_j[Z êy ijZ\ ^h[jhkh\_klguo

lj_lvbo klhjhg� dhgnbkdZpbb beb batylby kj_^kl\ b

^hoh^h\ hl fhr_ggbq_kl\Z� Zdlb\ghc b iZkkb\ghc

dhjjmipbb b hlfu\Zgby ^_g_] beb bfms_kl\Z� klhb�

fhklv dhlhjh]h khhl\_lkl\m_l klhbfhklb lZdbo ^hoh�

^h\� Ex[ufb Zj_klh\Zggufb beb dhgnbkdh\Zggufb

kj_^kl\Zfb� ^hoh^Zfb beb bfms_kl\hf ]hkm^Zjkl\h±

qe_g jZkihjy`Z_lky \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbf

gZpbhgZevguf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf�

11 7 . < klZlv_ X V, �F_ju� dZkZxsb_ky bfms_kl\Z��

Dhg\_gpby H:= mklZgZ\eb\Z_l� qlh ]hkm^Zjkl\Z�

mqZklgbdb \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbfb ^_ckl\mxsbfb

\gmlj_ggbfb aZdhgZfb b khhl\_lkl\mxsbfb ^h]h\h�

jZfb b ^jm]bfb kh]eZr_gbyfb� dhlhju_ fh]ml

^_ckl\h\Zlv \ hlghr_gbyo f_`^m gbfb� hdZau\Zxl

^jm] ^jm]m \ fZdkbfZevgh \hafh`ghc kl_i_gb ih�

fhsv \ \uy\e_gbb� hlke_`b\Zgbb� Zj_kl_� \u_fd_ b

dhgnbkdZpbb kh[kl\_gghklb b ^hoh^h\� ihemq_gguo

beb j_Zebah\Zgguo \ j_amevlZl_ kh\_jr_gby ij_�

klmie_gbc� ijbagZgguo \ dZq_kl\_ lZdh\uo \ Dhg�

\_gpbb� beb bkihevah\Z\rboky ijb bo kh\_jr_gbb�

11 8 . Ih \hijhkm h[ Zj_kl_ b dhgnbkdZpbb Dhg\_g�

pby HWKJ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l� qlh ]hkm^Zjkl\Z±

mqZklgbdb ijbgbfZxl lZdb_ f_ju� dZdb_ fh]ml

ihlj_[h\Zlvky êy h[_ki_q_gby ijbf_g_gby Zj_klZ b

dhgnbkdZpbb \ hlghr_gbb \aylhd b ^hoh^h\ hl ih^�

dmiZ bghkljZggh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h ^he`ghklgh]h

ebpZ beb bfms_kl\Z� klhbfhklv dhlhjh]h khhl\_l�

kl\m_l klhbfhklb lZdbo ^hoh^h\� beb ijbf_g_gby

^_g_`guo kZgdpbc khihklZ\bfh]h \ha^_ckl\by �klZ�

lvy �� imgdl 3 ) .

Dhg\_gpby Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h ]jZ`^Zgkdh±

ijZ\h\hc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx

11 9 . Dhg\_gpby Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h ]jZ`^Zgkdh±ijZ�

\h\hc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx ij_^klZ\ey_l

kh[hc i_j\mx ihiuldm \ujZ[hlZlv h[sb_ f_`^m�

gZjh^gu_ ghjfu \ hlghr_gbb ]jZ`^Zgkdhc hl\_l�

kl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx�

1 2 0 . =eZ\gZy p_ev Dhg\_gpbb aZdexqZ_lky \ lhf�

qlh[u h[_ki_qblv ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ ijZ\Z gZ \haf_s_�

gb_ aZ ms_j[� ijbqbg_gguc \ j_amevlZl_ dhjjmipbb

�klZlvy �� < wlhc k\yab dZ`^hc klhjhg_ gZê_`bl

ij_^mkfhlj_lv \ k\h_c \gmlj_gg_c ijZ\h\hc kbkl_f_

ijZ\h ij_^ty\eylv ]jZ`^Zgkdbc bkd \ kemqZyo dhj�

jmipbb �klZlvy �� imgdl �� Ke_^m_l hlf_lblv� qlh�

kh]eZkgh Dhg\_gpbb� oZjZdl_j \haf_s_gby g_ ^he�

`_g h]jZgbqb\Zlvky dZdbf�eb[h klZg^Zjlguf ieZl_�

`hf� Z ^he`_g hij_^_eylvky k mq_lhf ms_j[Z� gZg_�

k_ggh]h \ dZ`^hf dhgdj_lghf kemqZ_� Djhf_ lh]h�

kh]eZkgh Dhg\_gpbb� ihegh_ \haf_s_gb_ g_ \dex�

qZ_l rljZngu_ m[uldb� L_f g_ f_g__ klhjhgu� \h

\gmlj_gg_f ijZ\_ dhlhjuo ij_^mkfhlj_gu rljZn�

gu_ m[uldb� g_ h[yaZgu bkdexqZlv bo ijbf_g_gb_

ijb iheghf \haf_s_gbb� < Dhg\_gpbb hij_^_eyxlky

lZd`_ jZaf_ju \haf_s_gby� gZagZqZ_fh]h km^hf� b

ij_^mkfZljb\Z_lky� qlh \haf_s_gb_ fh`_l ihdju�

\Zlv fZl_jbZevguc ms_j[� mims_ggmx \u]h^m b

g_^_g_`guc ms_j[ �klZlvy �� imgdl 2 ) 45 .

1 2 1 . >ey p_e_c wlhc Dhg\_gpbb �dhjjmipby� hij_�

^_ey_lky dZd �\ufh]Zl_evkl\h� ij_êh`_gb_� ij_^h�

21

E/CN.15/2001/3

klZ\e_gb_ beb ijbgylb_� ebqgh beb q_j_a ihkj_^�

gbdh\� \ayldb beb dZdh]h�eb[h bgh]h g_ijZ\hf_jgh]h

ij_bfms_kl\Z eb[h h`b^Zgb_ bo ij_^hklZ\e_gby�

gZjmrZxs__ gZê_`Zs__ \uiheg_gb_ dZdbo�eb[h

h[yaZgghkl_c beb gZê_`Zs__ ih\_^_gb_ ebpZ� ihem�

qZxs_]h \ayldm beb g_ijZ\hf_jgu_ ij_bfms_kl\Z

beb h`b^Zxs_]h bo ij_^hklZ\e_gb_� �klZlvy 2 ) .

1 2 2 . < klZlv_ � jZkkfZljb\Zxlky mkeh\by ij_^ty\e_�

gby bkdZ h \haf_s_gbb ms_j[Z� Qlh[u ihemqblv

\haf_s_gb_� bkl_p ^he`_g ^hdZaZlv nZdl gZebqby

ms_j[Z g_aZ\bkbfh hl lh]h� [ueb eb ^_ckl\by hl\_l�

qbdZ kh\_jr_gu mfure_ggh beb ih g_[j_`ghklb� b

ijbqbgghc k\yab f_`^m dhjjmipbhgguf ih\_^_gb_f

b ms_j[hf� Qlh dZkZ_lky ijhlb\hijZ\gh]h b ij_�

klmigh]h ih\_^_gby hl\_lqbdZ� lh ke_^m_l hlf_lblv�

qlh hkgh\gmx hl\_lkl\_gghklv aZ ms_j[ g_kml ebpZ�

dhlhju_ g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh b khagZl_evgh mqZkl\h\Zeb

\ dhjjmipbhgghf ijZ\hgZjmr_gbb� ij_`^_ \k_]h

\ayldh^Zl_ev b \ayldhihemqZl_ev� Z lZd�`_ ebpZ� ih^�

klj_dZ\rb_ d kh\_jr_gbx dhjjmipbb beb kh^_ckl�

\h\Z\rb_ wlhfm� Djhf_ lh]h� hl\_lkl\_gghklv aZ

ms_j[ g_kml lZd`_ ebpZ� dhlhju_ g_ ij_îjbgyeb

khhl\_lkl\mxsbo rZ]h\ ih ij_^mij_`^_gbx dhj�

jmipbb \hij_db \haeh`_gguf gZ gbo h[yaZggh�

klyf46. < klZlv_ � ij_^mkfhlj_gZ lZd`_ kheb^ZjgZy

hl\_lkl\_gghklv g_kdhevdbo kh\f_klgh ^_ckl\h\Z�

\rbo ijZ\hgZjmrbl_e_c� dhlhjZy ijbf_gy_lky g_aZ�

\bkbfh hl lh]h� khljm^gbqZeb eb hgb khagZl_evgh

beb h^bg ba gbo ihê_`bl hl\_lkl\_gghklb ebrv \

j_amevlZl_ k\h_]h g_[j_`gh]h ih\_^_gby �klZlvy 4 ,imgdl 2 ) .

1 2 3 . < Dhg\_gpbb jZkkfZljb\Z_lky \hijhk h ]hkm�

^Zjkl\_gghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbhggu_ ^_c�

kl\by ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo ^he`ghklguo ebp� < wlhc

k\yab� kh]eZkgh Dhg\_gpbb� dZ`^Zy klhjhgZ ij_^m�

kfZljb\Z_l \ k\h_c \gmlj_gg_c ijZ\h\hc kbkl_f_

khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ ijhp_^mju lj_[h\Zgby \haf_s_�

gby hl ]hkm^Zjkl\Z beb� _keb klhjhgZ g_ hlghkblky

d ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghfm k_dlhjm� hl khhl\_lkl\mxsbo

hj]Zgh\ wlhc klhjhgu êy ebp� dhlhjuf [ue gZg_k_g

ms_j[ \ j_amevlZl_ dhjjmipbhgguo ^_ckl\bc ^he`�

ghklguo ebp ijb bkiheg_gbb bfb k\hbo nmgdpbc

�klZlvy �� < Dhg\_gpbb g_ hij_^_eyxlky mkeh\by

gZklmie_gby hl\_lkl\_gghklb klhjhgu� Kh]eZkgh

Dhg\_gpbb dZ`^Zy klhjhgZ \ijZ\_ kZfhklhyl_evgh

hij_^_eblv \ k\h_f \gmlj_gg_f aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_

mkeh\by� ijb dhlhjuo gZklmiZ_l hl\_lkl\_gghklv

klhjhgu� Ihwlhfm mkeh\by b ijhp_^mju ij_^ty\�

e_gby ]hkm^Zjkl\m bkdh\ aZ ms_j[� ijbqbg_gguc \

j_amevlZl_ dhjjmipbhgguo ^_ckl\bc� kh\_jr_gguo

^he`ghklgufb ebpZfb ijb bkiheg_gbb bfb k\hbo

nmgdpbc� j_]mebjmxlky \gmlj_ggbf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl�

\hf khhl\_lkl\mxs_c klhjhgu47.

1 2 4 . Qlh dZkZ_lky ^_ckl\bl_evghklb ^h]h\hjh\� lh

dZ`^Zy klhjhgZ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l \ k\h_f \gmlj_g�

g_f aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_� qlh ex[hc ^h]h\hj beb iheh�

`_gb_ ^h]h\hjZ� ^himkdZxsb_ dhjjmipbx� y\eyxlky

gbqlh`gufb b mljZqb\Zxl xjb^bq_kdmx kbem� Djh�

f_ lh]h� dZ`^Zy klhjhgZ ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l \ k\h_f

\gmlj_gg_f aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_� qlh \k_ klhjhgu

dhgljZdlZ� ^h\_jb_ dhlhjuo [ueh ih^hj\Zgh \ j_�

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qlh dZ`^Zy klhjhgZ \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbf \gml�

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f_ju êy h[_ki_q_gby q_ldh]h khklZ\e_gby ]h^h\uo

hlq_lh\ dhfiZgbc� iha\heyxsbo ihemqblv ykgh_

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lh klhjhgZf Dhg\_gpbb gZê_`bl Zdlb\gh khljm^gb�

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22

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gZjh^ghf khljm^gbq_kl\_ \ mj_]mebjh\Zgbb ]jZ`�

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dhff_jq_kdbo hi_jZpbyo

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f_`^mgZjh^guo dhff_jq_kdbo hi_jZpbyo �j_ahex�

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23

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k\yab k lhc beb bghc f_`^mgZjh^ghc dhff_jq_kdhc

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24

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i_j_\h^Z beb hlfu\Zgby ^_g_`guo kmff� h[jZam�

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25

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26

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27

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33

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34

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ij_^klZ\e_gghc ih ]_h]jZnbq_kdhfm ho\Zlm� H^gZdh

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6 Ih khklhygbx gZ ^_dZ[jv �� ]h^Z khhl\_lkl\mxsb_

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35

E/CN.15/2001/3




:\kljby� =_jfZgby� =j_pby� Kh_^bg_ggh_ Dhjhe_\kl\h

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:\kljby� BkiZgby� BlZeby� Kh_^bg_ggh_ Dhjhe_\kl\h

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9 Kf� " E x p la n a to ry r e p o r t o n th e C o n v e n t io n o n th e f i g h ta g a in s t c o rru p t io n in v o lv in g o ff ic ia ls o f th e E u ro p e a nC o m m u n i t ie s o r o f f ic ia ls o f M e m b e r S ta te s o f th eE u ro p e a n U n io n " , O ffic ia l Jo u rn a l C . 3 9 1 (1 5 D e c . 1 9 9 8 ) ,p p . 1 a n d 2 .




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13 Kf� C o m m e n ta r ie s o n th e C o n v e n tio n o n C o m b a t in gB r ib e ry o f O ff ic ia ls in In te rn a t io n a l B u s in e s sT ra n s a c t io n s , a d o p te d b y th e N e g o t ia tin g C o n fe r e n c e o n2 1 N o v e m b e r 1 9 9 7 .

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15 Ke_^m_l hlf_lblv� qlh \ Dhg\_gpbb HWCJij_^gZf_j_ggh g_ bkihevam_lky l_jfbg �Zdlb\guc

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16 < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c � Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ

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17 Ke_^m_l mqblu\Zlv� qlh \ Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiuh[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb ijb hij_^_e_gbb

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18 < klZlv_ � Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc

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ijbgbfZ_l lZdb_ aZdhgh^Zl_evgu_ b ^jm]b_ f_ju�

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36

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kh k\hbf \gmlj_ggbf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf� dh]^Z wlh

^_eZ_lky mfure_ggh \ oh^_ dhff_jq_kdhc

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19 GZ hkgh\_ klZlvb � Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h

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20 �IZkkb\gZy dhjjmipby� hij_^_ey_lky \ klZlv_ 2I_j\h]h ijhlhdheZ d Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h

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ihkj_^gbdZ� ex[h]h ij_bfms_kl\Z dZdhfm�eb[h

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21 < khhl\_lkl\bb k ihîmgdlhf �_� klZlvb � <lhjh]h

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1 9 9 1 ]h^Z h ij_^mij_`^_gbb bkihevah\ZgbynbgZgkh\hc kbkl_fu êy p_e_c hlfu\Zgby ^_g_]�

ij_^klZ\eyxsbo kh[hc ^hoh^ hl fhr_ggbq_kdbo

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22 Ih^h[gh ^jm]bf iheh`_gbyf Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h

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hij_^_e_gby �iZkkb\ghc� b �Zdlb\ghc� dhjjmipbb ih

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bgl_j_kh\ �kf� kghkdm 2 0 ) .23 < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c � kh\f_klgh]h aZy\e_gby

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ihkj_^gbdZ� aZijZrb\Z_l beb ihemqZ_l g_ijZ\hf_jgh_

ij_bfms_kl\h ex[h]h jh^Z beb ijbgbfZ_l h[_sZgb_

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dZdhc�eb[h lj_lv_c klhjhgu� k l_f qlh[u kh\_jrblv

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k\hbo h[yaZgghkl_c� < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c 1

37

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�gZjmr_gb_ h[yaZgghkl_c� ^he`gh lhedh\Zlvky \

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24 < khhl\_lkl\bb kh klZlv_c � Kh\f_klgh]h aZy\e_gby

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25 < klZlv_ V II I Dhg\_gpbb H:= mdZau\Z_lky� qlh �k

mq_lhf k\h_c dhgklblmpbb b hkgh\hiheZ]Zxsbo

ijbgpbih\ k\h_c ijZ\h\hc kbkl_fu dZ`^h_

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beb dhff_jq_kdhc k^_edhc \ h[f_g gZ ex[h_ ^_ckl\b_

beb [_a^_ckl\b_ ijb bkiheg_gbb wlbf ^he`ghklguf

ebphf im[ebqguo nmgdpbc��

26 < klZlv_ IX Dhg\_gpbb H:= mdZau\Z_lky� qlh �k

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2 7 < khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf � klZlvb � Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ�

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qb\Z_l ijbf_g_gb_ \ hlghr_gbb xjb^bq_kdbo ebp

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28 Ke_^m_l hlf_lblv� qlh \ Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbbH[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc lZd`_ ^hklZlhqgh ih^jh[gh

j_]mebjm_lky \hijhk �ij_^mij_`^_gby� �klZlvy 3 1 ) ,h^gZdh \ g_c j_qv b^_l [hevr_ h jZaebqguo nhjfZo

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q_f h �dhjjmipbb� dZd lZdh\hc�

29 Kf� lZd`_ klZlvx �� imgdl ��

30 < lh `_ \j_fy� _keb mqZklgbd \hkihevah\Zeky

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f_ju� dhlhju_ fh]ml ihlj_[h\Zlvky� k l_f qlh[u

mklZgh\blv k\hx xjbk^bdpbx \ hlghr_gbb

m]heh\gh]h ij_klmie_gby� ijbagZggh]h lZdh\uf \

khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c� \ kemqZyo� dh]^Z ebph�

ih^haj_\Z_fh_ \ kh\_jr_gbb ij_klmie_gby� gZoh^blky

gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb b hg ihke_ ihklmie_gby ijhkv[u h

\u^Zq_ g_ \u^Z_l _]h ^jm]hfm mqZklgbdm ebrv gZ lhf

hkgh\Zgbb� qlh hgh y\ey_lky h^gbf ba _]h ]jZ`^Zg

�klZlvy �� imgdl 3 ) .31 :gZeh]bqgh_ iheh`_gb_ kh^_j`blky \ Dhg\_gpbb

Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc� dhlhjZy ]eZkbl�

qlh _keb ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd� hkms_kl\eyxs__

k\hx xjbk^bdpbx kh]eZkgh khhl\_lkl\mxsbf klZlvyf

Dhg\_gpbb� dZkZxsbfky xjbk^bdpbb� ihemqZ_l

m\_^hfe_gb_ beb bguf h[jZahf magZ_l h lhf� qlh h^gh

beb g_kdhevdh ^jm]bo ]hkm^Zjkl\±mqZklgbdh\

hkms_kl\eyxl jZkke_^h\Zgb_� m]heh\gh_

ij_ke_^h\Zgb_ beb km^_[gh_ jZa[bjZl_evkl\h \ k\yab k

l_f `_ ^_ygb_f� dhfi_l_glgu_ hj]Zgu wlbo

]hkm^Zjkl\±mqZklgbdh\ ijh\h^yl� \ gZê_`Zsbo

kemqZyo� dhgkmevlZpbb ^jm] k ^jm]hf k p_evx

dhhj^bgZpbb k\hbo ^_ckl\bc �klZlvy �� imgdl 5 ) .32 Kf� imgdl � klZlvb �� Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb

H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc� imgdl � klZlvb �� Dhg\_gpbb

Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ

dhjjmipbx b imgdl � klZlvb V Dhg\_gpbb H:=�

33 MqZklb_ \ hj]Zgbah\Zgghc ij_klmighc ]jmii_�klZlvy �� hlfu\Zgb_ ^hoh^h\ hl ij_klmie_gbc

�klZlvy �� dhjjmipby �klZlvy �� b \hkij_iylkl\h\Zgb_

hkms_kl\e_gbx ijZ\hkm^by �klZlvy 2 3 ) .

34 Ijbf_gy_fu_ gZ hkgh\Zgbb Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbbH[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc g_dhlhju_ h]jZgbq_gby \

hlghr_gbb \u^Zqb kf� klZlvx �� imgdlu �� b ��

35 :gZeh]bqgh_ iheh`_gb_ kh^_j`blky \ Dhg\_gpbbKh\_lZ ?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ

dhjjmipbx �klZlvy �� imgdl �� Dhg\_gpbb

?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h aZsbl_ nbgZgkh\uo bgl_j_kh\

�klZlvy �� imgdl �� Dhg\_gpbb ?\jhi_ckdh]h khxaZ h

[hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c �klZlvy �� imgdl �� Dhg\_gpbb

H:= �klZlvy X I I I � imgdl 6 ) b Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ�klZlvy �� imgdl 3 ) .

38

E/CN/15/2001/3

36 GZ �[Zgdh\kdmx lZcgm� kkuedb ^_eZxlky lZd`_ \

imgdl_ � klZlvb �� dhlhjuc ]eZkbl� qlh êy p_eb

klZlvb 1 2 � �DhgnbkdZpby b Zj_kl�� b klZlvb 1 3 ,�F_`^mgZjh^gh_ khljm^gbq_kl\h \ p_eyo

dhgnbkdZpbb�� dZ`^h_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h±mqZklgbd

miheghfhqb\Z_l k\hb kmû b ^jm]b_ dhfi_l_glgu_

hj]Zgu ba^Z\Zlv ihklZgh\e_gby h ij_^klZ\e_gbb beb

Zj_kl_ [Zgdh\kdbo� nbgZgkh\uo beb dhff_jq_kdbo

^hdmf_glh\ b qlh ]hkm^Zjkl\Z g_ fh]ml mdehgylvky hl

ijbgylby f_j \ khhl\_lkl\bb k iheh`_gbyfb wlh]h

imgdlZ� kkueZykv gZ g_h[oh^bfhklv khojZg_gby

[Zgdh\kdhc lZcgu�

37 KlZlvy X I I I �imgdlu �±�� Dhg\_gpbb H:=

ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l ke_^mxs__�

" 2 . DZ`^h_ ba ij_klmie_gbc� d dhlhjuf

ijbf_gy_lky ^ZggZy klZlvy� kqblZ_lky \dexq_gguf \

ex[hc kms_kl\mxsbc f_`^m ]hkm^Zjkl\Zfb±

mqZklgbdZfb ^h]h\hj h \u^Zq_ \ dZq_kl\_

ij_klmie_gby� dhlhjh_ fh`_l ih\e_qv \u^Zqm�

=hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdb h[yamxlky \dexqZlv lZdb_

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ih\e_qv \u^Zqm� \ ex[hc ^h]h\hj h \u^Zq_� dhlhjuc

[m^_l aZdexq_g f_`^m gbfb�

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mqZklgbdZ� k dhlhjuf hgh g_ bf__l ^h]h\hjZ h \u^Zq_�

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ex[uf ij_klmie_gb_f� d dhlhjhfm ijbf_gy_lky

gZklhysZy klZlvy�

4 . =hkm^Zjkl\Z±mqZklgbdb� g_

h[mkeh\eb\Zxsb_ \u^Zqm gZebqb_f ^h]h\hjZ� \

hlghr_gbyo f_`^m kh[hc ijbagZxl ij_klmie_gby� d

dhlhjuf ijbf_gy_lky gZklhysZy klZlvy� \ dZq_kl\_

ij_klmie_gbc� dhlhju_ fh]ml ih\e_qv \u^Zqm�

5 . <u^ZqZ hkms_kl\ey_lky \ khhl\_lkl\bb k

mkeh\byfb� ij_^mkfhlj_ggufb aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf

aZijZrb\Z_fh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z beb ijbf_gbfufb

^h]h\hjZfb h \u^Zq_«

6 . ?keb \ \u^Zq_ \ k\yab k ij_klmie_gb_f …hldZaZgh ebrv gZ hkgh\Zgbb ]jZ`^Zgkl\Z ebpZ� \u^ZqZ

dhlhjh]h aZijZrb\Z_lky� beb \ kbem lh]h� qlh

aZijZrb\Z_fh_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h kqblZ_l� qlh hgh bf__l

xjbk^bdpbx \ hlghr_gbb ^Zggh]h ij_klmie_gby�

aZijZrb\Z_fh_ ]hkm^Zjkl\h i_j_^Z_l ^_eh k\hbf

dhfi_l_glguf hj]ZgZf êy p_eb ij_ke_^h\Zgby� _keb

g_ [m^_l ^hklb]gmlh bghc ^h]h\hj_gghklb k

aZijZrb\Zxsbf ]hkm^Zjkl\hf …

7 . K kh[ex^_gb_f iheh`_gbc k\h_]h

\gmlj_gg_]h aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z b k\hbo ^h]h\hjh\ h

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m[_^b\rbkv \ lhf� qlh h[klhyl_evkl\Z lj_[mxl lh]h b

ghkyl g_hleh`guc oZjZdl_j� b ih ijhkv[_ aZijZrb�

\Zxs_]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z� fh`_l \aylv ih^ kljZ`m

gZoh^ys__ky gZ _]h l_jjblhjbb ebph� \u^ZqZ dhlhjh]h

aZijZrb\Z_lky� beb ijbgylv ^jm]b_ gZê_`Zsb_ f_ju

êy h[_ki_q_gby _]h ijbkmlkl\by \ oh^_ ijhp_^mju

\u^Zqb��

38 Kf� imgdl �� klZlvb �� Dhg\_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb

H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc� klZlvx �� Dhg\_gpbb Kh\_lZ

?\jhiu h[ m]heh\ghc hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ dhjjmipbx b

klZlvx X V II I Dhg\_gpbb H:=� :gZeh]bqgZy dhgp_ipbykh^_j`blky \ Dhg\_gpbb HWKJ� \ dhlhjhc kh^_j`blky

ijbau\ d dZ`^hfm ]hkm^Zjkl\m±qe_gm m\_^hfblv

=_g_jZevgh]h k_dj_lZjy HWKJ h gZagZq_gbb hj]ZgZ

beb hj]Zgh\� hl\_lkl\_gguo aZ ij_^klZ\e_gb_ b

ihemq_gb_ ijhkv[� k\yaZgguo k \aZbfghc ijZ\h\hc

ihfhsvx� Z lZd`_ ijh\h^blv dhgkmevlZpbb f_`^m

kh[hc êy hij_^_e_gby gZb[he__ khhl\_lkl\mxs_c

xjbk^bdpbb êy p_eb ij_ke_^h\Zgby �klZlvy 1 1 ) .39 Qe_gZfb =J?DH klZeb ke_^mxsb_ ]hkm^Zjkl\Z –

qe_gu Kh\_lZ ?\jhiu� [u\rZy x]hkeZ\kdZy

J_kim[ebdZ FZd_^hgby� <_g]jby� =jmaby� >Zgby�

EZl\by� Ghj\_]by� IhevrZ� Kh_^bg_ggh_ Dhjhe_\kl\h

b Ohj\Zlby�

40 Ijh]jZffZ ^_ckl\bc ih [hjv[_ k dhjjmipb_c�jZajZ[hlZggZy F_`^bkpbiebgZjghc ]jmiihc ih

dhjjmipbb� [ueZ h^h[j_gZ Dhfbl_lhf fbgbkljh\ \

ghy[j_ �� ]h^Z�

41 Ih^jh[gh_ baeh`_gb_ ijhp_^mj hp_gdb =J?DHijb\h^blky \ klZlvyo ��±�� kh]eZr_gby h[

mqj_`^_gbb wlhc ]jmiiu b \ jZa^_e_ I I ijZ\beijhp_^mju�

42 :\kljZeby�:\kljby� ;_ev]by� ;he]Zjby� <_g]jby�=_jfZgby� =j_pby� BkeZg^by� BkiZgby� DZgZ^Z� Dhj_y�

F_dkbdZ� Ghj\_]by� Keh\Zdby� Kh_^bg_ggh_

Dhjhe_\kl\h� Kh_^bg_ggu_ RlZlu� Nbgeyg^by�

Q_rkdZy J_kim[ebdZ� R\_cpZjby� R\_pby b Yihgby�

43 K ^hdeZ^Zfb jZaguo kljZg fh`gh hagZdhfblvky q_j_a

Bgl_jg_l gZ w e b±kZcl_h ttp : / /w w w .o e c d .o rg /d a f /n o c o r ru p t io n / re p o r t .h tm .

44 < hlghr_gbb h[ahjZ oh^Z hkms_kl\e_gby Dhg\_gpbb

HWKJ kf� R ep o rt b y th e C IM E : im p lem en ta tio n o f th eC o n v en tio n o n B r ib e ry in In te rn a tio n a l B u s in e ssTra n sa c tio n s b WKH �� 5HYLVHG 5HFRPPHQGDWLRQV

(C /M IN (2 0 0 0 ) 8 ) o f 2 7 J u n e 2 0 0 0 .45 Cf� �E x p la n a to ry r e p o r t o n th e C iv il L a w C o n v e n t io n o n

C o r ru p tio n " , p a ra g ra p h s 3 5 – 3 8 .

46 LZf `_, p a r a g ra p h s 4 0 , 4 2 a n d 4 6 .

47 LZf `_, p a r a g ra p h 4 9 .48 Kh^_j`ZsZyky \ klZlv_ � nhjfmebjh\dZ �khhl\_lkl\m�

xsZy aZsblZ hl g_hijZ\^Zgguo kZgdpbc� hagZqZ_l�

qlh \ khhl\_lkl\bb k Dhg\_gpb_c� ex[u_ kZgdpbb

ijhlb\ jZ[hlZxsbo ih gZcfm ebp� ij_îjbgylu_ gZ

lhf hkgh\Zgbb� qlh hgb khh[sZeb h dhjjmipbhgguo

39

E/CN.15/2001/3

^_ckl\byo ebpZf beb hj]ZgZf� hl\_lkl\_gguf aZ

ihemq_gb_ lZdbo khh[s_gbc� y\eyxlky

g_hijZ\^Zggufb� Khh[s_gb_ lZdhc bgnhjfZpbb

g_evay jZkkfZljb\Zlv \ dZq_kl\_ gZjmr_gby

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[ulv kh\_jr_ggh ykgh� qlh� ohly ihf_rZlv

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ijhlb\ k\hbo kem`Zsbo kh]eZkgh khhl\_lkl\mxsbf

iheh`_gbyf� ijbf_gbfuf \ dhgdj_lguo kemqZyo�

g_\hafh`gh� jZ[hlh^Zl_eyf g_ ke_^m_l ijbf_gylv

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dZkZ_lky jZ[hlZxsbo ih gZcfm ebp� lh

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kemqZb� dh]^Z m gbo bf_xlky ^hklZlhqgu_ hkgh\Zgby

khh[sZlv h k\hbo ih^haj_gbyo b dh]^Z wlb khh[s_gby

y\eyxlky qbklhk_j^_qgufb� l�_� hgb ijbf_gyxlky

ebrv d ^_ckl\bl_evgh h[hkgh\Zgguf kemqZyf b g_

jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ kemqZb khh[s_gbc kh aeuf

mfukehf� Kf� E x p la n a to ry r e p o r t … " , o p . c i t . ,p a r a g ra p h s 6 6 -7 2 .

49 Qlh dZkZ_lky hij_^_e_gby l_jfbgZ �]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh_

^he`ghklgh_ ebph�� lh ^_eZ_lky kkuedZ gZ

hij_^_e_gb_� ij_^mkfhlj_ggh_ \ gZpbhgZevghf

aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\_ dZ`^hc kljZgu�

50 Kf� ^_kyluc Dhg]j_kk Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguoGZpbc ih ij_^mij_`^_gbx ij_klmighklb b

h[jZs_gbx k ijZ\hgZjmrbl_eyfb� <_gZ� ��±�� Zij_ey

2 0 0 0 ]h^Z� ^hdeZ^� ih^]hlh\e_gguc K_dj_lZjbZlhf

(ba^Zgb_ Hj]ZgbaZpbb H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc� \ijh^Z`_ ih^ � R .0 0 .IV.8 ) .

51 < j_dhf_g^Zpbb hlghkbl_evgh \uq_lZ ba h[eZ]Z_fuo

gZeh]hf kmff \aylhd� \uieZq_gguo ^he`ghklguf

ebpZf bghkljZgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\� ij_êZ]Z_lky� qlh[u

]hkm^Zjkl\Z±qe_gu� ^himkdZxsb_ \hafh`ghklv \uq_lZ

lZdbo \aylhd� i_j_kfhlj_eb wlhl \hijhk k p_evx

g_^hims_gby lZdhc \hafh`ghklb�

52 < j_dhf_g^Zpbb \ hlghr_gbb ij_êh`_gbc ih [hjv[_

k dhjjmipb_c� dZkZxsboky aZdmihd� nbgZgkbjm_fuo ba

kj_^kl\� ij_^hklZ\ey_fuo \ ihjy^d_ hdZaZgby ihfhsb�

mqZklgbdZf ij_êZ]Z_lky jZajZ[hlZlv beb \

h[yaZl_evghf ihjy^d_ ijbf_gylv iheh`_gby h [hjv[_

k dhjjmipb_c� j_]mebjmxsb_ aZdmidb� nbgZgkbjm_fu_

ba kj_^kl\� ij_^hklZ\ey_fuo \ ihjy^d_ hdZaZgby

^\mklhjhgg_c ihfhsb�

53 Kf� HnbpbZevgu_ hlq_lu Dhgn_j_gpbb Hj]ZgbaZpbb

H[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc êy ijbgylby Dhg\_gpbb h

[hjv[_ ijhlb\ g_aZdhggh]h h[hjhlZ gZjdhlbq_kdbo

kj_^kl\ b ikbohljhiguo \_s_kl\� <_gZ� �� ghy[jy –2 0 ^_dZ[jy �� ]h^Z� lhf I (ba^Zgb_ Hj]ZgbaZpbbH[t_^bg_gguo GZpbc� \ ijh^Z`_ ih^ � R .9 4 .X I .5 ) .

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40 ��I

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E/C

N.15/2001/3

41


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E/C

N.15/2001/3

42


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E/C

N.15/2001/3

43


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E/C

N.15/2001/3

44


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Khjhd j_dhf_g^Zpbc

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E/CN.15/2001/3 Distr.: General · E/CN.15/2001/3 Distr.: General 2 April 2001 Russian Original: English V.01-82439 (R) 200401 040501 ````` ˘ ˇ ˆ ˘ ˘˙ ˘ ˘ ˆ