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Eastern States Archaeological Federation75th Annual MeetingNovember 6-9, 2008

Featuring a session in honor ofJack Holland and his contributions to lithic studies

Holiday Inn Lockport, NY

Sponsored by: The New York State Archaeological AssociationLocal Host: Frederick M. Houghton Chapter

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New York State Archaeological Association (NYSAA)

The NYSAA is a non-profit organization composed of people interested in various phases of archaeologyin New York State. Founded in 1916 and chartered in 1927 by the Board of Regents of the State of NewYork, NYSAA is a nonprofit organization composed of 15 chapters and a world-wide membership-at-large. All who are devoted to historic and pre-historic archaeology are invited to join.

Its functions are:

• to vigorously promote research into the lifestyles of the early inhabitants of New York State withan emphasis toward cultural preservation,

• to participate in excavations when necessary to preserve threatened historic and pre-historichabitats,

• to interpret excavated cultures in a shared environment by lecture or publication in one of manyscholarly journals,

• and to promote that environment by hosting an annual conference in one of the 15 communitieswithin which NYSAA chapters are located and by publishing "The Bulletin" which is the annualjournal of NYSAA.

Chapters are composed of persons who may participate on four levels of archaeology: investigation,excavation, interpretation, and publication. Join a local chapter to participate in excavations andarchaeological activities close to your home. Current members of chapters should also renew throughtheir chapter secretary. If there is no nearby chapter, you can also join the Association as a member-at-large.

At-large members receive announcements of the annual meeting, The Bulletin (published annually), andliability insurance when attending or traveling to or from NYSAA state or chapter sponsored meetingsand activities.

Members, and all those interested in New York archaeology, are welcomed to join the NYSAA ListservNYSAA-list@yahoogroups.com (an email discussion group). For more information and to subscribe, visitthis web site: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NYSAA-list

To join as an at-large member, please complete the registration form (available athttp://nysaaweb.bfn.org/membership/At-LargeMembership.pdf ) and mail to the address below withthe appropriate dues (individual $20; see other categories on website). Make your check payable to"NYSAA" in U.S. funds and payable on a U.S. bank. Dues received after September 1 will be applied tothe following year. Membership card and annual meeting minutes will be sent upon request.

J. Wm. BouchardCorresponding Secretary NYSAA c/o HAA, Inc.915 Broadway, 103B, Albany, NY 12207Ph: (518)427-0382Email: jbouchard @ hartgen.com

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Eastern States Archaeological Federation75th Annual MeetingNovember 6-9, 2008

Ballroom Lobby: Registration, Coffee BreaksGold Room: Bookroom, Poster SessionSilver Room: ESAF Executive Meeting and LunchEmerald Room: President’s Reception, ESAF General Meeting,

Cocktails SaturdaySouth Ballroom: Sessions 1,2,4,5, Canadian-American Friendship Party,

BanquetNorth Ballroom: Sessions 3, 6, 7, 9

BallroomLobby

SilverRoom

GoldRoom

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Eastern States Archaeological Federation75th Annual Meeting November 6-9, 2008

ESAF OFFICERS, EDITORS, AND MANAGERS

ESAF Business Address PO Box 386 Bethlehem, CT 06751esaf@siftings.com

President Jeb Bowen jbowen@senecacounty.com(614) 297-2641Fax: (614) 297-2411Ohio Historical Society1982 Velma Avenue Columbus, OH 43211

President-Elect Charles Bello hop@epix.net19 Ledge Lane Pipersville, PA 18947

Immediate Past President: Wm Jack Hranicky hranickyj@yahoo.com (703) 256-1304PO Box 11256Alexandria, Virginia 22312

Treasurer: Timothy J. Abel tabel@twcny.rr.com 33512 St. Rt. 26Carthage, NY 13619 (315) 493-9527

Corresponding Secretary: Martha Potter Otto motto@ohiohistory.org (614) 297-2641 Fax: (614) 297-2411 Ohio Historical Society 1982 Velma Avenue Columbus, OH 43211

Recording Secretary: Faye L. Stocum Faye.Stocum@State.De.US Delaware State HistoricPreservation Office 15 The Green Dover, DE 19901

Business Manager: Roger Moeller esaf@siftings.com (203) 266-7741 PO Box 386 Bethlehem, CT06751

Bulletin Editor: Mima Kapches mimak@rom.on.ca Royal Ontario Museum 100 Queen's Park Canada,M5S 2C6

ANEA Editor: Arthur E. Speiss arthur.spiess@maine.gov (207) 287-2132 Fax: (207) 287-2335 MaineHistoric Preservation. Commission State House Station 65 Augusta, ME 04333

WEBmaster: Gregory D. Lattanzi gregory.lattanzi@sos.state.nj.us (609) 984-9327 New Jersey StateMuseum PO Box 530 Trenton, NJ 08625-0530

ESAF Member Societies

Archaeological Society of Connecticut, Archaeological Society of Delaware, Archaeological Society ofNew Hampshire, Archaeological Society of New Jersey, Archaeological Society of Virginia, Maryland

Archaeological Society, Inc., Maine Archaeological Society, Massachusetts Archaeological Society, NewBrunswick Archaeological Society, New England Antiquities Research Association, New York

Archaeological Association, Ohio Archaeological Council, Rhode Island Archaeological Society, Societyfor Pennsylvania Archaeology, Vermont Archaeological Society, West Virginia Archaeological Society

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New York State Archaeological Association Officers

President Bill EngelbrechtPhone: (716) 884-6094Email: ENGELBWE @ BuffaloState.edu

Vice-President Marie-Lorraine PipesPhone: (585) 742-3185Email: pipesml @ aol.com

Corresponding Secretary J. Wm. BouchardPhone: (518) 427-0382Email: jbouchard @ hartgen.com

Recording Secretary Lori BlairPhone: (518) 283-0534Email: lblair @ hartgen.com

Treasurer Carolyn O. WeatherwaxPhone: (518) 584-1827Email: Cweather5 @ aol.com

Eastern States Archaeological FederationLocal Hosts and Organizing Committee

Arrangements: Bill Engelbrecht

Program: Lisa Marie Anselmi

Registration: Kathryn Leacock

Corporate Sponsors: Susan Maguire

Bookroom: Don Smith

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PROGRAM 75th ANNUAL ESAF MEETINGHosted by the New York State Archaeological Association

Local Host: Frederick M. Houghton ChapterHoliday Inn Lockport, 515 S. Transit St., Lockport, NY, 14094

Thursday November 6, 2008

3:30 p.m.-8:30 p.m. Meeting Registration (Lobby)

9:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m. Guided tours: 9:30 am—A Geology tour of Niagara County and theNiagara Gorge. At 1:30 pm—Tour Old Fort Niagara in Youngstown, NY.At 4: 30pm—Tour the Discovery center, Lockport, NY. Nominal feesapply for some of the tours. Register online or by mail.

Old Fort Niagara is a National Historic Landmark and New York StateHistoric Site. It offers 18 and 19th century military architecture,fortifications, and archaeological collections for view.https://oldfortniagara.org/

The Discovery Center is a new state-of the art interpretive center for theErie Canal and its role in the history of Lockport.http://www.niagarahistory.org/page/discovery%20center

5:00-7:00 p.m. President’s reception (cash bar) in the Emerald Room of the Holiday Inn

FRIDAY, November 7, 2008

7:00 a.m.-8:00 a.m. Book Room Setup (Gold Room)7:30 a.m.-3:30 p.m. Meeting Registration (Lobby)

8:00-8:15 a.m. Welcome and Announcements (South Ballroom)8:15-9:00 a.m. SESSION 1 (South Ballroom): ESAF: 75 Years8:15-8:30 a.m. The History of ESAF (working title). Wm. Jack Hranicky8:30-8:45 a.m. The State of the State Societies of ESAF. Charles Bello (ESAF

Executive Board) and Carolyn Dillian (Princeton University)8:45-9:00 a.m. The importance of ESAF. Roger Moeller (ESAF)

9:20 -11:40 a.m. SESSION 2 (South Ballroom): New Interpretations of the LateArchaic in New York (organized by Nina M. Versaggi and Laurie E.Miroff)

9:20-9:40 a.m. The Late Archaic in Context. Nina M. Versaggi, Public ArchaeologyFacility, Binghamton University.

9:40 -10:00 a.m. Places, Landscapes, Ancestors, and Memory: On the Role of SocialMemory in the Formation of Late Archaic Settlement Patterns.Edward V. Curtin, Curtin Archaeological Consulting, Inc.

10:00 -10:20 a.m. BREAK

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10:20 -10:40 a.m. An Archaeological Enigma: The Vestal Phase of the Late ArchaicLaurie E. Miroff, Public Archaeology Facility, Binghamton University.

10:40 -11:00 a.m. GIS-Informed Land Use Strategies at the Sidney Sites, SusquehannaValley. Samuel Kudrle, Public Archaeology Facility, BinghamtonUniversity.

11:00 -11:20 a.m. Variability in Late Archaic Lithic Production Systems: A Comparisonof the Parsons and Sydney Hangar Sites on the Upper SusquehannaRiver Timothy Knapp, Public Archaeology Facility, BinghamtonUniversity.

11:20 -11:40 a.m. Late Archaic Settlement and Subsistence at the Thomas-Kahn Site,Onondaga County, New York. Christina B. Reith, New York StateMuseum, CRSP and Elizabeth Horton, Washington State Museum.

11:40 -1:00 p.m. LUNCH

1:00–2:40 p.m. SESSION 4(South Ballroom): Contributed Papers1:00 -1:20 p.m. Origin and Evolution of the Cumberland Tradition. Richard Michael

Gramly, Eastern States Archaeological Federation1:20 -1:40 p.m. Further Insights into Paleo-Indian Resource Exploitation and

Associated Settlement Patterns in Northeastern North America. Steven T.A. Timmermans, Eco-Arch Ecological and Archaeological Services

1:40 -2:00 p.m. At the Top of the Dune: A Late Archaic Stage Cosburg Site in the Saratoga-Round Lake Area. Adam Luscier, Hartgen Archaeological Associates, Inc.

2:00-2:20 p.m. Splitting, Clumping, Twisting: Cultural Relatedness/Unrelatedness and Archaeological Traditions, Rebecca Emans, University at Buffalo/Panamerican Consultants, Inc..

2:20-2:40 p.m. Monongahelas in Southwestern New York? No Way, No How. WilliamJohnson, Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology.

FRIDAY, November 7, 2008 continued

9:20 a.m.-2:40p.m. SESSION 3 (North Ballroom): Contributed Papers9:20 -9:40 a.m. Pitawelkek: A Shell Midden in Eastern Canada. Helen Kristmanson

and Frances Stewart, Aboriginal Affairs Development ConsultantCommunity, Cultural Affairs and Labour, Province of Prince EdwardIsland.

9:40 -10:00 a.m. Exotic Trade Goods or Glacial Transport: An Analysis of DifferentialTreatment of Non-Quartz Materials on Long Island. Jaclyn AnnNadeau, University at Albany.

10:00 -10:20 a.m. Break10:20 -10:40 a.m. Prestigious Cache Bifaces: New Perspectives on Meadowood Trade

Items. Karine Taché, Université de Montréal10:40 -11:00 a.m. Geoarchaeological Analysis of Prehistoric site 28-BU-718, Township

of Evesham, Burlington County, New Jersey Mathew S. Tomaso(CRCG, Inc), Charles A. Bello (CRCG, Inc), Carolyn Dillian (PrincetonUniversity) and Mark Demitroff (University of Delaware)

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11:00 -11:20 a.m. Sugar Run Mound (36Wa359) Partie deux: Le reste de l’histoire MarkMcConaughy, Pennsylvania Bureau for Historic Preservation.

11:20-11:40 a.m. The Perch Lake Project, Jefferson County, New York: Field ReportJuliann Van Nest (New York State Museum), David Asch (New YorkState Museum), Jack Coates (NYSAA), Diane Coates (NYSAA).

11:40 a.m.-1:00 p.m. LUNCH

1:00 -1:20 p.m. Living Large on the Bottoms: Current Research on Ohio HopewellSettlements in the Central Scioto Valley. Paul J. Pacheco, SUNYCollege at Geneseo

1:20 -1:40 p.m. Regional Specialization in the Middle Woodland Period: variation inLithic Strategies Exhibited by Ohio Hopewell Households. AaronComstock and Paul J. Pacheco, SUNY College at Geneseo.

1:40 -2:00 p.m. Secondary Refuse Deposits and the case for Ohio Hopewell SedentaryLifestyles. Laura D’Amico and Paul J. Pacheco, SUNY College atGeneseo

2:00 -2:20 p.m. The Utilitarian Characteristics of Iroquois Pottery Vessels. AntonioSudina and Kathleen M.S. Allen, University of Pittsburgh.

2:20-2:40 p.m. From Maine to North Carolina: The Archaeological Conservancy atWork in the East. Andy Stout, Archaeological Conservancy.

8:30 p.m.-10:30 p.m. Canadian American Friendship Reception (South Ballroom)OPEN BAR—NAMETAG REQUIRED FOR ADMISSION

SATURDAY, November 8, 2008

7:30 a.m.-1:00 p.m. Meeting Registration (Lobby)8:00 a.m.-2:20 p.m. SESSION 5 (South Ballroom): Session in Honor of Jack Holland

(William Engelbrecht, Chair)8:00-8:20 a.m. Jack Holland: Chert Chaser Extraordinaire, William Engelbrecht

(Buffalo State College), Lisa Marie Anselmi (Buffalo State College)andJohn Grehan (Buffalo Museum of Science)

8:20-8:40 a.m. Reflections on Early Holocene Chert Use in the Niagara Peninsula.Robert I. MacDonald, Ronald Williamson and Douglas Todd,Archaeological Services Inc.

8:40-9:00 a.m. Sourcing of Chert artifacts from the Speigel/Killarney Bay 1 Site,Killarney, Ontario. P. Julig, A. Hawkins and D. F.G. Long, LaurentianUniversity

9:00-9:20 a.m. A Case for Prehistoric Fog: A New Wrinkle on North AmericanFlaked Technologies. Jack Creeson, R. Alan Mounier, ArchaeologicalSurveys and Assessments.

9:40-10:00 a.m. An Upland Legacy for Clovis Occupation in Virginia. Wm. JackHrnicky

10:00-10:20 a.m. BREAK

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10:20-10:40 a.m. Chasing Chert in the Recent and Remote Past: Thoughts onIdentifying the Maskinonge River Site (BbGu-45) as a NorthernAlgonkian, Late Prehistoric Occupation. Jeff Bursey, University ofToronto.

10:40-11:00 a.m. Identifying the Sources of the cherts Used at the Bull BrookPaleoindian Site. Adrian Burke (Université de Montréal), Brian S.Robinson (University of Maine), Gilles Gauthier (Université de Montréal)

11:00-11:20 a.m. Chemical Characterization of Cherts from Bas-Saint-Laurent andGaspésie, Quebec: A Non-Destructive Approach Mathieu Leclerc,Adrian Burke, Gille Gauthier, Université de Montréal

11:20-11:40 a.m. Minimal Analytical Nodule Analysis in Plowzone Lithic Studies. MarkHouston, UB Archaeological Survey

11:40 a.m.-1:00 p.m. LUNCH

11:40 a.m.-1:00 p.m. ESAF Executive Board Meeting and Lunch (Silver Room)

1:00-1:20 p.m. Chert Resources in Western New York: Things I have Learned fromJack Holland, Douglas Perrelli, UB Archaeological Survey

1:20-1:40 p.m. Chasing Chert in Ontario, William Fox, Canadian Museum ofCivilization

1:40-2:00 p.m. Paleoindian Occupations in the Upper Susquehanna Region, JonathanC. Lothrop (New York State Museum), Robert Exley, (Society forPennsylvania Archaeology (Andaste Chapter)) and Thomas Vogel

2:00-2:20 p.m. TBA, Kevin Smith, Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology, BrownUniversity

SATURDAY, November 8, 2008 continued

8:20-10:00 a.m. SESSION 6 (North Ballroom): Contributed Papers8:20-8:40 a.m. Charles Conrad Abbott: Early New Jersey Archaeologist. Carolyn

Dillian (Princeton University) and Charles Bello (ASNJ and CRCG, Inc).8:40-9:00 a.m. Native American Lifeways in Western Pennsylvania: The Making of a

Museum Exhibit. Amanda Valko, Michael Baker Jr. Inc.9:00-9:20 a.m. The Historic Archeology of the Erie Canal in Albany County. Denis

Foley and F. Andrew Wolfe PE, SUNY-IT, Utica9:20-9:40 a.m. Public Archaeology: Teaching Kids to Think Like Archaeologists,

Kristi J. Krumrine, SUNY College at Geneseo9:40-10:00 a.m. The Archaeology of a High School Student. Francis Scardera, Loyola

High School/Consulting archaeologist for Akwesasne

11:40a.m.-1:00 p.m. ESAF Executive Board Meeting and Lunch (Silver Room)

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SATURDAY, November 8, 2008 continued

1:00-3:00 p.m. SESSION 7 (North Ballroom): Analytical Studies of the MiddleboroLittle League Site (organized by Curtiss Hoffman)

1:00-1:20 p.m. The Middleborough Little League Site: 2008 Season Report.Curtiss Hoffman, Bridgewater State College

1:20-1:40 p.m. A Preliminary Low-Power Use-Wear Analysis on an Assemblage ofStone Artifacts Recovered from the Middleborough Little League Site. Susan Jacobucci, Andrew Fiske Memorial Center for Archaeological

Research, University of Massachusetts, Boston1:40-2:00 p.m. An Analysis of Quartz Debitage from the Middleborough Little

League Site. Rebecca Burlingame, Bridgewater State College.2:00-2:20 p.m. Determination of Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic and Mercury in Soil

Collected from an Archaeological Site in Middleborough, MA. Kyle Cramsey, Bridgewater State College

2:20-2:40 p.m. Fire-Cracked Rock Analysis from the Little League Site. MatthewBeal, Bridgewater State College

2:40-3:00 p.m. Evidence of Paleo-Indian Migration in Southeastern Massachusetts. Luke Miller, Bridgewater State College.

3:00-4:00 p.m. SESSION 8(Gold Room): Poster SessionPaleo-Indian and Initial Archaic Points in Ohio, Jonathan E. Bowen,Ohio Historical SocietyExcavations at the Hughes Site: Late Prehistoric Village Life in thePotomac Valley, Richard J. Dent, American UniversityOthers TBA

4:30 p.m. - 6:00 p.m. ESAF GENERAL BUSINESS MEETING (Emerald Room)

6:30-7:15 p.m. Cocktails (cash bar, Emerald Room)

7:15-9:15 p.m. BANQUET (South Ballroom).Keynote address by Dr. Richard Laub, “The Hiscock Site”

SUNDAY, November 9, 2008

8:45-11:00 a.m. SESSION 9 (North Ballroom): Current Research and Projects of theArchaeological Survey and UB Department of AnthropologyOrganized by Douglas J. Perrelli)

Please note that this session will be followed by a reception at the Archaeological Survey atwhich lunch will be served, and many of the artifact collections discussed in the sessionpapers will be available for viewing and handling.

8:45-9:00 a.m. Session Introduction by Douglas Perrelli, UB ArchaeologicalSurvey.

9:00-9:15 a.m. A Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Approach to Managing

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the Spaulding Green Project, Town of Clarence, Erie County, NewYork. Mary Perrelli, Department of Geography, Buffalo StateCollege.

9:15-9:30a.m. Spaulding Green 1 Site: The Importance of Low-Density LithicScatters for Interpreting Late Woodland Settlement Patterns.Joseph McGreevy, Archaeological Survey, University at Buffalo.

9:30-9:45a.m. Spaulding Green 16 and 18 Sites: Two Possible Paleoindian Sitesin the Town of Clarence, Erie County, New York. Albert Fulton,Geology Department and Mark Houston, Archaeological Survey,University at Buffalo.

9:45-10:00a.m. Urban Environments and the Potential for Intact Prehistoric Sites:Scajaquada Corridor Phase II Site Examination, City of Buffalo,Erie County, New York. Kristin O’Connell, ArchaeologicalSurvey, University at Buffalo.

10:00-10:15a.m. The Utility of Multiple Survey Methods on Multi-ComponentSites. Kathryn Whalen, Archaeological Survey, University atBuffalo.

10:15-10:30a.m. Early Ceramic Forms of the Eastern Woodlands. Ammie Mitchell,Department of Anthropology, University at Buffalo.

10:30-10:45a.m. The Chautauqua Phase and Other Myths: An Update on Time-Space Systematics in Southwestern New York. Thomas Brunton,Department of Anthropology, University at Buffalo.

10:45-11:00a.m. Recent Archaeological Investigations at the c.1804 – 1989Hull-Peterson Farmstead. Ryan Austin, Archaeological Survey,University at Buffalo.

11:30 a.m.-1:00 p.m. Open House and Lunch at SUNY/Buffalo Archaeological Survey andMarian White Museum, hosted by Dr. Douglas Perrelli, Director of Archaeological Survey.University at Buffalo, Department of Anthropology (See map and directions in registrationpacket.)

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Corporate Sponsors

10 YR 8/8 Yellow $500 LEVEL Sponsors1. Richard Grubb and Associates, Inc.

2. Archaeological Services Inc.

7.5 YR 5/8 Strong Brown $250 LEVEL Sponsors1. Panamerican Consultants, Inc.

2. CCRG Inc.

3. Gray and Pape, Inc.

4. University at Buffalo Archaeological Survey

5 YR 4/4 Reddish Brown $100 LEVEL Sponsors1. GAI Consultants, Inc.

2. Butterbaugh Archaeological Consulting

3. Mercyhurst Archaeological Institute

4. Buffalo State College (SUNY) Anthropology Department

Sponsors of Equipment and other goods and services:

School of Natural and Social Sciences, Buffalo State College (SUNY)

Anthropology Department, Buffalo State College (SUNY)

Instructional Resources, Buffalo State College (SUNY)

Special thanks to the donors of Raffle prizes

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ABSTRACTS:

Austin, Ryan: Recent Archaeological Investigations at the c.1804 – 1989 Hull-PetersonFarmstead

Since 2003, the University at Buffalo Archaeological survey has conducted excavations at thec.1806-1989 Hull-Peterson site, located on Genesee Street (NYS Rte. 33), in the Town ofLancaster, Erie County, New York. The site is owned by the non-profit Landmark Society of theNiagara Frontier, who is in the process of restoring and converting the property into a livinghistory museum. The Hull-Peterson site encompasses a standing early 19th century federal-stylestone house, a mid 19th century frame barn, a 20th century privy, a small family cemetery, andassociated lawns, yards, orchards and portions of the former farmstead’s agricultural fields.Excavations have recovered material cultural evidence from the property’s 19th and 20th centurydomestic/agrarian occupations, including the structural remains of at least two historicoutbuildings, an agricultural butchery midden and stratified sheet midden deposits in the lawnareas immediately surrounding the stone house.

Beal, Matthew: Fire-Cracked Rock Analysis of Middleborough Little League Site

For this project I will be observing 32 fire-cracked rock thin section samples taken from theMiddleborough Little League Site. These included FCR samples from several units at the site aswell as control samples of the varying rock types. The question that I am looking to address inthis project is whether these rock samples were affected by cultural or natural phenomenon?More specifically, were they fractured by a phenomenon such as a frost heave or forest fire, orwere they fractured as a result of human intervention, such as being heating in a hearth structure?

Bowen, Jonathan E. Paleo-Indian and Initial Archaic Points in Ohio (Poster Presentation)

Clovis-Gainey (11,500-10,900 BC), Cumberland-Barnes (10,900-10,000 BC), Agate Basin(10,000-9200 BC), and Side-Notched Thebes (9200-8500 BC) points are plotted by raw materialtype on landform maps of the State of Ohio.

Brunton, Thomas: The Chautauqua Phase and Other Myths: An Update on Time-SpaceSystematics in Southwestern New York

The archaeology and culture-history of late prehistoric southwestern New York has often beenmisunderstood due to the region being perceived as a boundary- both now and in prehistory.

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Jack Schock (1974) defined the Chautauqua Phase for the region and provides a valuable sourceof data, but his seriation and chronology is problematic and employs artificial boundaries. Theregion can be thought of as part of a broad frontier between what we recognize as Mississippianand Iroquoian Influences (Brunton 1998). New dating of Pennsylvanian Monongahela sites(Means 2007) adds new evidence to the problem. The Anderson site in Chautauqua Countyserves as a case study and facilitates broad regional comparisons in terms of ceramic style andfunction, house styles and settlement patterns.

Burke, Adrian L, Brian S Robinson and Gilles Gauthier: Identifying the Sources of theCherts Used at the Bull Brook Paleoindian Site

For the past three years, the authors have been studying the lithic raw materials used byPaleoindians at the Bull Brook site in eastern Massachusetts. One of the most perniciousproblems is the accurate identification of the geological source of fine grained cherts, inparticular those that are weathered and are grey to black, or tan in color. Approximately 82% ofover 5000 artifacts that are provenienced to excavation loci are made from chert making them avery significant part of the raw material economy. Various analytical techniques have beenapplied to resolve this issue: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), neutron activation analysis (NAA), andthin section petrography. We present the results of this chert sourcing project and specificallyaddress the Paleoindian use of Munsungun chert from northern Maine versus Normanskill chertfrom the Hudson Valley, New York.

Burlingame, Rebecca: An Analysis of Quartz Debitage from the Middleborough LittleLeague Site

Questions have developed about the lithic reduction sequence at the Middleborough LittleLeague site due to the preponderance of potentially sacred artifacts vs. the dearth of toolartifacts. Quartz debitage collected in the 2006 and 2007 dig seasons at the Middleborough LittleLeague site were analyzed and a number of physical attributes were recorded. From the datacollected on each flake, the hope was to tease out the possible reduction sequence of the itemsthat were worked at this site. Statistical sampling of various attributes is revealing a distinct‘preference’ of attribute types over others. These attribute ‘preferences’ and other statisticalanomalies will be detailed in this study. This study has the potential to expand far beyond therelatively limited one done here.

Bursey, Jeff "Chasing Chert in the Recent and Remote Past: Thoughts on Identifying theMaskinonge River Site (BbGu-45) as a Northern Algonkian, Late Prehistoric Occupation."

Over the summer and fall of 2007, a small scatter of lithic and ceramic artifacts was identifiedand excavated north of Newmarket, Ontario. After rejecting the hypothesis that this site mightinclude a Paleoindian component, attention was given to the possibility that the site was a lateprehistoric or early historic occupation by a small group of northern Algonkians. In this paper Iwill discuss the reasoning behind this identification and what can be inferred from it. Followingarguments presented by Fox and Garrad (2004), as well as in the literature on hunters andgatherers such as the ideas of Tim Ingold, I will argue that a diversity in chert types indicates asmuch a concern for travel and meeting people as an attempt to acquire suitable raw materials. Aswith modern chert chases, meeting and establishing contacts with people was and is as importantas visiting outcrops.

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Comstock, Aaron and Paul J. Pacheco: Regional Specialization in the Middle WoodlandPeriod: Variation in Lithic Strategies Exhibited by Ohio Hopewell Households

This paper seeks to expand knowledge on Ohio Hopewell settlement patterns through analysis ofthe lithic assemblage of the Murphy III site (33Li311) located in Licking County, Ohio. Thefindings are then related to inter-regional dynamics of Ohio Hopewell society by comparingMurphy III to the lithic assemblage recovered from the Brown’s Bottom #1 site (33Ro1104)located in Ross County, Ohio. The stark contrast between the lithic assemblages of these twodomestic sites reveals the existence of variation in lithic strategies practiced by Ohio Hopewellhouseholds. A foundation for this comparison is derived from Flannery and Winter’s classicdefinition of ‘possible regional specialization’ in their study of Oaxacan villages. Following thisidea, our research suggests that Murphy III represents a household which acted as a primaryproducer and exporter of stone tools while Brown’s Bottom #1 represents a household whichacted as a consumer and importer of these lithic materials.

Cramsey, Kyle: Determination of Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic and Mercury in Soil Collectedfrom an Archaeological Site in Middleborough, MA

It has been demonstrated that mercury compounds existed in ocean fish before modern pollutantsbecame a factor. If the Natives processed anadromous fish (i.e. those that live in the sea andmigrate to fresh water to breed, such as alewives) from the nearby river at the terrace, we hadexpected to see higher than normal levels of mercury in the soil. Other elements like lead,cadmium, and arsenic are also present in ocean water, and are presumably bioaccumulated byfish. The objective of this project was to test soil samples from the site for higher than normalconcentrations of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury which could have suggested that theNatives used the site to process anadromous fish from the nearby Nemasket River.

Creeson, Jack A Case for Prehistoric Fog: A New Wrinkle on North American FlakedTechnologies

North American flaked lithic technology is, for the most part, underpinned by simple, straightforward percussion and pressure techniques. Except for key phases in the Paleoindian andBroadspear Periods, (wherein the use of grinding in the production of flaked lithic items wasprincipally confined to specialized techniques, applied to small areas, e.g. platform preparationand dorsal ridge abrasion); the practice and use of more complete grinding of surfaces and edgesas a viable mechanism to improve and enhance the flaking process has no precedent. Until now!

Grinding as a preparatory technique to finished flaking in the mode and parlance of the modernlapidary influenced flintknapper (neoknapper) is known as “flake over grind” technique or FOG.

This paper unravels the use of grinding as observed in the Groswater Phase of the Paleo-EskimoTradition from the Maritime Provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador. Grinding surfaces andedges in biface production is an unknown practice in this hemisphere but has been recorded inseveral instances in Old World contexts, (1) within the Scandinavian Neolithic and (2) the Pre-Dynastic Egyptian Chalcolithic Periods. Its punctuated occurrence in North America, within aprehistoric period roughly analogous to the Eastern Region - Early/Middle Woodland

Period- is indeed enigmatic with no known antecedents.

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Archaeological data from sites in Labrador and Newfoundland along with experimental researchfindings will be advanced to make a unique case for a New World, Old World Neolithicproduction system.

Curtin, Edward V: Places, Landscapes, Ancestors, and Memory: On the Role of SocialMemory in the Formation of Late Archaic Settlement Patterns

Large Archaic sites and surrounding landscapes may demonstrate considerable antiquity, oftenproducing Late Paleo-Indian and Early to Middle Archaic period temporal diagnostics inaddition to large Late Archaic assemblages. It is argued that Late Archaic sites such as LamokaLake, Oberlander No. 1, and Frontenac Island were occupied as small, temporary campsnumerous times after about 10,000 BP, but that occupation intensified during the Late Archaic inrelation to increasing ritual importance. In this process, social memory provided a trans-generational medium connecting mythic and symbolic contexts to specific, long-familiar Archaicsites and landscapes. Related, ritually charged site or landscape features may include (1) thewoods-edge as a setting for mediating or transforming the wild and the domestic; (2) humanburial sites, mediating the relationship between community and ancestors; and (3) the associationof creation (earth-diver) mythology with lakeside settings

D’Amico, Laura D and Paul J. Pacheco: Secondary Refuse Deposits and the Case for OhioHopewell Sedentary Lifestyles

Cross-culturally, sedentary populations are known to maintain their living space through thecreation of secondary refuse deposits. To date, only one such deposit, discovered at the McGrawsite in Ross County, Ohio, has been documented and published from an Ohio Hopewell domesticcontext. This paper documents and compares a recently discovered secondary refuse deposit atthe Lady’s Run site (33Ro1105), located 8 km south of McGraw, to the published informationfrom McGraw. Numerous lines of evidence including radiocarbon dating suggest that Lady’sRun is also an Ohio Hopewell domestic settlement. While there appears to be a high degree ofsimilarity in artifact density and artifact types in these two deposits, the preservation anddepositional context appear to be dissimilar. Yet, taken together these two deposits providestrong evidence to support the interpretation that Ohio Hopewell populations had sedentarylifestyles.

Dent, Richard J: Excavations at the Hughes Site: Late Prehistoric Village Life in thePotomac Valley (Poster Presentation)

This presentation focuses on recent excavations at the Hughes site, a Late Woodland villagelocated along the Potomac River just west of Washington, DC. Recent excavation at the site hasbeen undertaken by the Potomac River Archaeology Survey of American University incooperation with the Archaeological Society of Maryland and the Maryland Historical Trust. The site has been assigned by archaeologists to the larger Keyser or Luray Complex and dates tocirca AD 1400. This poster presents a refined chronology for the site, discusses new informationon community patterning as well as subsistence practices.

Dillian, Carolyn and Charles A. Bello: Charles Conrad Abbott: Early New JerseyArchaeologist

Charles Conrad Abbott, M.D., spent the majority of his adult life seeking archaeologicalevidence of early humans in New Jersey. His published works have offered significant

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contributions to the archaeological record, yet most of his field notes and journals remain in anunpublished, and therefore largely inaccessible, condition in the Manuscripts Collections atPrinceton University. Furthermore, many of the artifacts collected by Dr. Abbott are in thecollections of the Peabody Museum at Harvard University and the University of PennsylvaniaMuseum and have not been correlated with site locations or field records.

Our study is a museum and archival research project that documents Abbott’s collections at boththe Peabody and Penn museums and reconstructs archaeological site proveniences with theguidance of Abbott’s notes, journals, and diaries in the Manuscripts Collections at PrincetonUniversity. Our research project endeavors to create a searchable, annotated published volumethat will bring together archaeological data, artifacts, and field notes, into a single resource forresearch use. This volume will include transcriptions of archaeologically relevant entries fromDr. Abbott’s personal diaries, field journals, and published works, that can be searched bygeographic region or archaeological site type. Attempts will also be made to identify artifacts inthe Peabody and Penn collections that are discussed in Abbott’s field notes and diaries in order tocorrelate real archaeological materials with the sites and localities presented in Dr. Abbott’swritings. The ultimate goal will be to publish Dr. Abbott’s relevant archaeological writings andarchaeological collections together in an illustrated volume.

Emans, Rebecca: Splitting, Clumping, Twisting: Cultural Relatedness/Unrelatedness andArchaeological Traditions

One of the basic issues taken with the in situ approach is the narrow and redundant identificationof phases and culture areas without the interpretation of broader cultural interactions andrelationships. In southwestern New York and western Pennsylvania, multiple Late Woodlandarchaeological traditions have been identified for geographically narrow areas, frequentlyresulting in separate, isolated, and apparently unrelated archaeological traditions and cultureareas defined by creek or river drainages. This author presents broader interpretations of the lateLate Woodland (AD 1250-1400) in southwestern New York, including evidence for the inwardmigration of two groups, the first related to Monongahelans of western Pennsylvania around AD1250, and the second related to the Niagara Frontier Iroquoians about fifty years later. Theimplications of these interpretations are broad, but include specifically issues of howarchaeologists interpret culture history, cultural relationships and prehistoric interactions.

Engelbrecht, William, Lisa Marie Anselmi and John Grehan: Jack Holland, Chert ChaserExtraordinaire

This paper presents a brief sketch of Jack Holland’s life and his development as an archaeologist.By the time that he retired as an industrial electrician in 1985, he had accumulated a great dealof experience and expertise in archaeology, setting the stage for his second career as chertchaser. He saw that North American archaeology needed a comprehensive comparative lithiccollection and he single handedly set out to establish one. Th utility of such a collection and theprospects for its future are addressed.

Foley, Denis and F. Andrew Wolfe: The Historic Archeology of the Erie Canal in AlbanyCounty

This paper examinees a series of excavations and field studies in Albany County New York Itexamines sites relevant to both the Original Erie Canal (1825) and the Enlarged Canal (1842)Specific emphasis is on field research on Locks 53,38,and 37 of the original Erie Canal and

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the Collectors House Weigh Lock and Lock One of the Enlarged Canal. The Erie Canal ispresented as New York State’s first Tech Valley from both an engineering and historicalperspective.

Fox, William: Chasing Chert in Ontario

An overview of current knowledge concerning northern and southern Ontario chert sources ispresented, focussing on characterisation/identification and knapping quality. An attempt is madeto clarify some of the chert type terminology established by the writer some 30 years ago, whilesharing some reminiscences concerning “chert chases” with Jack Holland.

Fulton, Albert and Mark Houston: Two Possible Paleo-Indian Sites in Clarence Center, NY

Recent excavations conducted by the State University of New York at Buffalo ArchaeologicalSurvey identified two possible early Paleo-Indian workshops in the Town of Clarence, ErieCounty, New York. Unfortunately, no diagnostic artifacts have been recognized. Artifactassemblages from both sites were recovered from within a stratum of subsoil. Geomorphic studyhas related this stratum to a deltaic environment that formed around the Onondaga Escarpment c.13,000 – 12,000 B.P.

Gramly, Richard Michael: Origin and Evolution of the Cumberland Tradition A model for development of the Cumberland Tradition, beginning in northern Alabama andsouth-central Tennessee at ca, 15,000 years before present, is offered. In step with amelioratingclimatic conditions and the northward movement of the ecotone between spruce/fir and northernhardwood forests, Cumberland peoples settled Kentucky, then Indiana, Ohio and southernmostNew York state, and finally the Great Lakes, New England, and areas west of the Mississippi. The latest phases of the Cumberland Tradition are Barnes and Folsom. The beginnings ofCumberland appear to pre-date Clovis, and it is unclear if the two entities stood in any closerelationship. Hoffman, Curtiss: The Middleborough Little League Site: 2008 Season Report

Work at the Middleborough Little League Site continued through the end of the summer of 2008.This year’s work concentrated on the delineation of the eastern and western edges of the site, andthe exploration of some of the features discovered in previous seasons. This presentation willsummarize the results of the 2006-08 seasons in terms of artifact and feature distributions, andwill also introduce some of the analytical studies of the site undertaken during 2007-08 bycurrent and former Bridgewater State College Public Archaeology students.

Houston, Mark: Minimal Analytical Nodule Analysis in Plowzone Lithic Studies

In the Mid-West researchers have developed and tested a fairly new technique known asMinimal Analytical Nodule Analysis, MANA. This technique is a mixture of mass aggregateand individual artifact analysis techniques. MANA differs from other analytical techniques byplacing artifacts in groups based on the lithic parent material. Its greatest potential is in itsapplication to plow-zone lithic scatters, common in the Northeast. Application of this materialbased analysis on prehistoric lithic artifacts has the potential to generate data sets that lead tomore detailed conclusions of prehistoric site behaviors. In particularly MANA has the potential

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to isolate individual nodule movements within a temporal context. This new analytical tool mayprove to be very useless in sites located in the plowzone

Hrnicky, Wm. Jack: An Upland Legacy for Clovis Occupation in Virginia

Based on data collected by the McCary Fluted Point Survey, this illustrated paper presentsgeographic and chronological Paleoindian occupations within Virginia to answer: when andwhere was the first Clovis occupation in Virginia? By examining paleopoint distributions usingmorphological and lithic types and known radiocarbon dates, a picture of land usage andenvironment exploitation begins to demonstrate plausible entry and exit dates for Virginia byClovis toolmakers. Research uses a Paleoindian lithic determinism model (technologyorientation) that argues for four regional territories. These micro-culture areas are identified asnot being contemporary; thus, a time table is suggested. All three major Virginia paleosites,Cactus Hill, Thunderbird, and Saltville, are used as components in the lithic curation analysismodel, their toolkits, and their legacy to early paleosite occupations in the southeast. In additionto paleopoints, the diagonal-bladed paleoscraper is used to identify a specific toolkit in Virginiaas a legacy to Alabama/Georgia paleoscene. Finally, blade tools are discussed with each lithicterritory.

Jacobucci, Susan A: A Preliminary Low-Power Use-Wear Analysis on an Assemblage ofStone Artifacts Recovered from the Middleborough Little League Site

The analysis of stone edge artifacts recovered from the Middleborough Little League site, amulti-component Native American site composed of various occupations dated from the EarlyArchaic through Middle Woodland periods, gives an opportunity to examine human behavior orpractice and choice. Archaeologists have utilized lithic analysis on stone artifacts to determineuse-wear and function. This study couples a low-power microwear analysis and experimentalarchaeology to analyze stone edge artifacts recovered over several seasons and from variousoccupations associated with the Middleborough Little League site to address questions regardinglithic material choice and activities associated with the site. Even though these results arepreliminary, this examination may assist us in understanding prehistoric lifeways and culturalpractices in southern New England.

Johnson, William: Monogahelas in Southwestern New York? No way, No how

Since the mid-1950s, archaeologists have been ascribing the Late Woodland period shell-tempered cord-marked pottery in northwestern Pennsylvania to the Monongahela traditionpeople of the lower Upper Ohio River Valley. This explanation implied a population intrusionfrom southwestern Pennsylvania that replaced the indigenous makers of the early Late Woodlandgrit-tempered Mahoning ware. Since 1975, this author has argued that accumulating cordagetwist direction data as recorded in the negative impressions on Mahoning Cord-Marked,Chautauqua Cord-Marked, and McFate Incised ceramics (S-twist) on the one hand andMonongahela Cord-Marked sherds (overwhelmingly Z-twist) on the other negated this argument.Continuity of Mahoning ware decorative attributes on early shell-tempered series ceramics offersparallel evidence for this in situ evolution. While the cordage twist sample for Late Woodlandshell-tempered ceramics in southwestern New York is exceeding meager, it suggests that thepreference for S-twist cordage there also makes an ascription to migrating Monongahela traditionpotters unlikely.

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Julig, P.J., A. Hawkins and D.F.G. Long: Sourcing of chert artifacts from theSpeigel/Killarney Bay 1 Site, Killarney, Ontario

We report on the Speigel/Killarney Bay 1 Site, a Middle Woodland mortuary and habitation siteon an Algoma stage beach, which has a wide variety of lithic, copper, ceramic and organic (shell,cordage) artifacts, including significant non-local source materials. The site was excavated andcurated over many decades but never fully analyzed. Our ongoing analysis of the lithicassemblages included preliminary ICP-MS of potential exotic cherts, to test the visualidentifications previously reported. We present ultra-trace element analysis (rare earth elements-REE of chert artifacts (small debitage) and visually similar potential geological sources,including local (Fossil Hill Formation variants), more distant (Hudson Bay Lowland, severalformations), and very distant sources (Knife River Flint and Golden Valley Formation). TheREE data plots indicates: 1) significant lateral facies differences in certain formations, includingFossil Hill; 2) that some generic chert types such as Hudson Bay Lowland can be positivelyidentified as to specific formation; and 3) that the REE plots may be used to positively identifysome artifacts to not only their source formation but to facies. The ICP-MS analysis of theselected Speigel assemblages indicates use of mostly local and medium distance upper GreatLakes lithic sources, with few very long-distance lithic exotic materials present.

Knapp, Timothy D.: Variability in Late Archaic Lithic Production Systems: A Comparisonof the Parsons and Sydney Hangar Sites on the Upper Susquehanna River

Variability in lithic production systems have often been linked to group mobility (ie., sedentaryversus mobile). Interpretations of these differences have often focused on long-term temporalshifts in lithic technologies. Recent investigations at two coeval Late Archaic sites located alongthe Upper Susquehanna provide an opportunity to examine technological differences that are notrelated to temporal differences. Analysis of the lithic assemblages suggests that strikinglydifferent strategies were adopted at the Parsons and Sidney Hangar sites.

Kristmanson, Helen and Frances Stewart: Pitawelkek: A Shell Midden in Eastern Canada

The Pitawelkek site is located on George’s Island, part of the Hog Island chain, or “theSandhills,” in western Prince Edward Island. Comprised of a unique and spectacular series ofbarrier beach and dune islands, the area is also rich in evidence of Aboriginal use and occupationfrom the pre-contact period into the historic-present. The Government of Canada has recognizedthe significance of the area to the Mi’kmaq and their ancestors, marking “The Mi’kmaq atMalpeque Bay” as a National Historic Site. However, little systematic archaeological researchhas been done here. Our preliminary research over the past two years at Pitawelkek, or George’sIsland, has confirmed a warm weather occupation of the site, with a strong emphasis on theexploitation of shell fish and, to a lesser degree, marine mammals. In this paper we presentresults of our preliminary investigations and discuss our partnership with the Mi’kmaqConfederacy of Prince Edward Island in this interesting and promising project.

Krumrine, Kristi J: Public Archaeology: Teaching Kids to Think Like Archaeologists

Public archaeology projects are increasingly common as archaeologists seek to engage localpeople in uncovering their past through excavation and laboratory opportunities. The RochesterYoung Scholars Academy at Geneseo

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(RYSAG) brought sixty City of Rochester middle school students to the Geneseo campus for atwo week residential archaeology camp. Students were charged with determining the nature ofthe archaeological site and creating a course of action regarding its development to be presentedto the campus community. The RYSAG program provided for a thorough and integratedapproach to teaching archaeological methods and encouraged students to tie their own siteexperience into a larger historical and cultural context.

In addition to providing the opportunity for students to learn how to apply the scientific methodto a particular problem, the RYSAG camp and similar projects encourage young people tobecome interested in history and thus become stewards of cultural heritage.

Kudrle, Samuel: GIS-Informed Land Use Strategies at the Sidney Sites, SusquehannaValley

Abstract: Physiographic landforms and waterways have been important features forunderstanding Late Archaic land use patterns. However, topographic and soil map data are notalways sufficient for identifying important local landform features. Geographic InformationSystems (GIS) offers a powerful visual tool that optimizes characteristics of local landscapes,which enhances interpretations of their importance in land use patterns. This paper interprets aseries of Lamoka/Dustin Phase camps at the Sidney Airport site in the Susquehanna Valley,using spatial data sources and GIS layering. The results show that enhanced presentation ofregional landforms and water patterns allows a richer interpretation of Late Archaic populationsand their selection of valley features.

Leclerc, Mathieu, Adrian Burke, Gilles Gauthier: Chemical Characterization of Chertsfrom Bas-Saint-Laurent and Gaspésie, Quebec: A Non-Destructive Approach

The objective of this project is to use energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) tochemically analyze chert originating from two different prehistoric quarries, the La Martrequarry DhDm-8, Gaspé Peninsula, and that of quarry CkEe-28, Témiscouata, Québec. Bothquarries were exploited intermittently from the Late PaleoIndian through the Archaic and intothe Woodland periods. The two cherts greatly resemble each other, both microscopically andmacroscopically, making it unproductive to distinguish them using petrography. In order toensure the validity of the chemical analysis, archaeological samples from sites on the St.Lawrence Estuary including Rimouski (DcEd-1), l'Anse-à la-Vache and Turcotte-Lévesque(DaEi-6 and DaEi-8) were tested and compared to the results for the quarry samples. Similaritiesbetween these results can be useful since they indicate prehistoric exchange and/or migrationpatterns. This type of chemical analysis is also valuable in archaeological studies since it is non-destructive, allowing analysis of the artifacts as is.

Lothrop, Jonathan C., Robert Exley, Thomas Vogel: Paleoindian Occupations in the UpperSusquehanna Region

This paper reviews previous findings on Native American occupations during the terminal LatePleistocene in the Susquehanna drainage, and presents new data on two fluted point sites inBradford and Sullivan counties, northern Pennsylvania. We provide preliminary information onthe stone tool assemblages from these sites, and provisional identification of chert types.Locations of potential geologic sources for tool stone found at these occupations, coupled withregional comparisons to other Paleoindian sites, suggest possible seasonal movements of flutedpoint groups between the Susquehanna Valley and other mid-Atlantic regions.

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Luscier, Adam: At the Top of the Dune: A Late Archaic Stage Vosburg Site in theSaratoga-Round Lake Area’

In the summer of 2007 Hartgen completed an extensive archeological investigation within thedune field located between Saratoga Lake and Round Lake. Over 20 precontact sites wereidentified within the survey area. This paper details a Late Archaic Laurentian Tradition Vosburgsite that occupied the summit of one the largest dunes. Since the site had never been plowed, thearcheological context was excellent. Among other remains was a cached lithic toolkit. The DuneSite revealed a Late Archaic subsistence strategy that focused on obtaining food and otherresources from a dune field situated between the two lakes. Testing at other nearby sites showedthat the Vosburg people favored the dune field, and probably relied to some extent on theresources available from both Saratoga and Round lakes as well. The Laurentian hunting-fishing-gathering lifestyle was expressed in the archeological record at the Dune Site and other siteslocated on the lakes near-by through stone implements, including semilunar knives, a distinctiveground stone tool that is predominantly associated with Vosburg culture. This paper focuses onthe Vosburg Dune Site as well as evidence for the use of semilunar knives by Vosburg peoplethroughout the Saratoga-Round Lake area.

MacDonald, Robert, Ronald F. Williamson, and Douglas Todd: Reflections on EarlyHolocene Chert Use in the Niagara Peninsula

Early Paleo-Indians at the Mount Albion West site in Hamilton, Ontario, situated on the brow ofthe Niagara Escarpment on top of a local outcrop of Lockport-Goat Island Formation chert,chose not to use it in favour of Onondaga and Fossil Hill Formation cherts. A slightly later,more transient, Paleo-Indian site, situated a few kilometres to the east, has a significant presenceof Selkirk and Haldimand chert, although it too exhibits a preference for Onondaga chert for themanufacture of formal tools. In contrast, Late Paleo-Indian Hi-Lo sites throughout the northshore watershed of Lake Erie show a preference for Haldimand chert across all tool categories. Later, in the Archaic period, regional populations seem to make increasing use of localtoolstones such as Lockport-Goat Island Formation chert, although Onondaga chert remainspopular, especially for formal tools. In this paper we reflect on the dynamics of toolstoneacquisition and use by Early Holocene groups in the Niagara Peninsula and how these dynamicsmay have been influenced by constraints of the social and natural environment or morespecifically by toolstone distribution, availability, knapping quality, durability, and aesthetics

McConaughy, Mark: Sugar Run Mound (36Wa359) Partie deux : Le reste de l'histoire

Sugar Run Mound (36Wa359) was a Squawkie Hill Phase Hopewellian burial mound located inWarren County Pennsylvania. The earliest burial phase included a central cist, a bird andpossible celt/ax effigies made from large stone cobbles. Multiple cremations were interred underthe features of Mound Unit 1. Mound Unit 2 consisted of two stone box tombs each containingan extended burial. Mound Unit 3 had an extended burial laid on the existing ground surface.The different modes of burial and associated grave goods indicate the function of Sugar RunMound changed through time. This paper explores those changes.McGreevy, Joseph: Spaulding Green 1 Site: The Importance of Low-Density Lithic Scatters forInterpreting Late Woodland Settlement Patterns

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Small prehistoric sites yielding low-density artifact assemblages can be over-looked in thearchaeological record. Recently, this has become an important issue in CRM archaeology inNew York. One such site, located in Clarence New York near the Onondaga escarpment, wasoriginally identified as a low-density artifact scatter in a plowzone context. After furtherinvestigation, the site was found to have a small longhouse structure and several featuresyielding prehistoric pottery, one projectile point and some lithic debris. This talk considers therole of the Spaulding Green 1 site plays in our understanding of settlement patterns during theLate Woodland period in western New York.

Miller, Luke: Evidence of Paleo-Indian Migration in Southeastern Massachusetts

Recent excavation at the Little League Site in Middleborough, Massachusetts has uncovered twoPaleo-Indian scrapers. Previously, the site had been demonstrated to have had considerableArchaic habitation as both a subsistence residence and production center of sacred objects. Thesescrapers, both of exotic cherts unknown in Massachusetts, show evidence of wide-ranging Paleo-Indian migration and trade.

Miroff, Laurie E.: An Archaeological Enigma: The Vestal Phase of the Late Archaic

The Vestal Phase of Late Archaic has confounded archaeologists working in the AlleghenyPlateau region due to confusion over its definition and chronological position. The presence ofcontemporaneous Vestal and Lamoka points suggests the possibility of stylistic differencesrelated to function, intra- and inter-group identity formation, interaction, representation, andreproduction. Recent investigations at several Vestal Phase sites have added data to ourunderstanding of this phase and its regional distribution. This paper highlights one case ofregional diversity during the Late Archaic by exploring the Vestal Phase Chilson site located inNew York’s Tioga Valley. Similar sites of Lamoka and Vestal affiliation will be compared toilluminate cultural complexity and diversity during the Late Archaic.

Mitchell, Ammie: Early Ceramic Forms of the Eastern Woodlands

This study examines early ceramic wares of the Eastern Woodlands using a techno-functionalapproach, or by examining the physical properties of ceramic vessels including vessel form,construction technique, and temper. This allows the researcher to view a vessel in terms of itsability to withstand particular forces, including the stresses from food preparation, storage,maintenance, and transport. These forces include thermal stresses caused by repetitive heatingand physical stresses such as abrasion from food preparation or cleaning. By comparing theproperties of early ceramic types, including grit-tempered, fiber-tempered, and steatite-temperedpottery, this study suggests that different kinds of vessels where better suited for certainfunctions- cooking, serving, and storing. By comparing depositional contexts and associatedradiocarbon dates, this study hopes to shed light on the earliest uses of ceramic containers andbetter understand what social properties and environmental conditions may have encouragedindividuals to build vessels from clay

Moeller, Roger: The importance of ESAF

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For 75 years professional and avocational archaeologists have gathered to discuss historic andprehistoric sites and artifacts among comfortable surroundings. We have seen new theories, newanalytical techniques, and new finds applied to the existing database of knowledge.

Despite the ups and downs of our country, ESAF has continued to host a forum of peopleinterested in archaeology. This has always been a weekend retreat from the surrounding realityinto the realms of the past.

Nadeau, Jaclyn Ann: Exotic Trade Goods or Glacial Transport: An Analysis of DifferentialTreatment of Non-Quartz Materials on Long Island

Long Island lithic assemblages consist primarily of locally available quartz and quartzite,however, other materials such as cherts and volcanics were utilized at many archaeological sites.This paper discusses a method for identifying which of the non-quartz materials are derived fromrare local deposits in the glacial till and which might have been brought to the island byprehistoric peoples. The lithic assemblages from four Long Island sites are analyzed to helpunderstand the differential use of various types of lithic raw materials. Preliminary resultssuggest that while quartz and non-quartz materials were utilized differently during the LateArchaic, little significant difference is present in the Woodland assemblages.

Pacheco, Paul J.: Living Large on the Bottoms: Current Research on Ohio HopewellSettlements in the Central Scioto Valley

This paper updates and synthesizes the results of our ongoing archaeological research project onBrown's Bottom, a section of low lying Scioto River floodplain located 1.5 kilometers from theLiberty Earthworks, in Ross County, Ohio. Our four years of research on the bottoms hasproduced a likely contemporaneous pair of classic Ohio Hopewell domestic settlements whoseoccupation overlaps the use of the Edwin Harness Mound floor, the central mound in the Libertycomplex. Here I focus on the 2007-2008 excavations at the Lady's Run site (33Ro1105). Theresults of new radiocarbon dates, feature excavations, and excavations in the second largeHopewell house, located less than 100 meters from the first large Hopewell house we excavatedduring the 2005-2006 field seasons at Brown's Bottom #1 (33R01104) are presented.

O’Connell, Kristin: Urban Environments and the Potential for Intact Prehistoric Sites:Scajaquada Corridor Phase II Site Examination, City of Buffalo, Erie County, New York.

Three previously unrecorded prehistoric sites were identified by UB Archaeological Surveyduring a Phase IB reconnaissance survey in 2004 and were further examined this summer. TheAgassiz, Scajaquada 1, and Nottingham sites are located in a post-glacial lake plain cut bystream action from Scajaquada Creek near the limestone Onondaga Escarpment. The sitesrepresent activity along the creek, possibly quarry sites. Despite the urban environment, much ofthe area has retained its original topography because the 19th century design of Delaware Parkand Forest Lawn Cemetery sought to maintain the natural lay of the land. This paper exploreswhether the sites are intact and if they may represent chert quarries where outcrops occurred.

Perrelli, Douglas: Chert Resources in Western New York: Lessons from Jack Holland

Through working with Jack Holland, one learns the life history approach to describing chippedstone artifacts, the need for knowing where chert resources occur in a region and how torecognize bi-polar reduction. These concepts serve researchers well in western New York where

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lithic artifacts predominate and the chert distribution is uneven- available from various primaryand secondary sources. The life history approach and knowledge of local chert sources helpsexplain some aspects of the use of bi-polar reduction in the region.

Perrelli, Mary: A Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Approach to Managing theSpaulding Green Project, Town of Clarence, Erie County, New York

The Spaulding Green project is a proposed 350-acre housing subdivision located in the Town ofClarence, Erie County, New York. The project area was subject to a cultural resource surveybeginning in 2003, with data recovery continuing today. The result is the identification of 28prehistoric sites, two historic sites, and isolated formal tool finds throughout the project area.Reconnaissance level testing consists of a series of surface collections and shovel test grids, withlocation data recorded using a Trimble Pocket Pathfinder Global Positioning System. The use ofmobile GIS equipment and ArcPad software facilitates the management of a large and complexproject area with numerous sites of different sizes and densities. It allows for the use of digitalorthophotos as base maps with data directly geo-referenced to satellite imagery, and theintegration of data collected over several years and from different excavation phases.

Reith, Christina B. and Elizabeth Horton: Late Archaic Settlement and Subsistence at theThomas-Kahn Site, Onondaga County, New York

Archaeological excavations completed as part of a bridge replacement project at the terminalLate Archaic/Transitional Period Thomas-Kahn site were conducted by the New York StateMuseum’s Cultural Resource Survey Program between 2001 and 2005. The results of theseexcavations produced information about the pre-Contact settlement and subsistence patterns ofthe site’s Late Archaic occupants and their exploitation of the local landscape. This papersummarizes the results of these excavations and comparisons with other nearby sites areprovided.

Scardera, Francis: The Archaeology of a High School Student

Appreciating the thought process of a high school student is similar to deciphering the subtletiesof an archaeological site whose soils display a complex stratigraphy depicting different layers ofunderstanding, accompanied by of a series of anomalies which require further evaluation. Thispaper reviews the development and evaluation of archaeological curricula for high schoolstudents while providing light-hearted insight into the challenges and successes of engagingstudents along their “archaeological journey.” A high school archaeology class can be used as aneducational tool to foster a more holistic approach to understanding and appreciating historywhile developing students as active participants in the preservation of cultural resources.Although the current evaluation of archaeological curricula depends on monitoring studentretention of basic concepts, it also provides a comparative benchmark. This paper further arguesthat, for more reliant measures, gauging the student's positive archaeological experience,particularly with hands-on projects such as fieldwork should also be considered.

Stout, Andy: From Maine to North Carolina: The Archaeological Conservancy at Work inthe East

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For over 27 years The Archaeological Conservancy has been the only national non-profitorganization in the United States that acquires and permanently preserves significantarchaeological sites. To date the Conservancy has acquired nearly 420 sites in 39 states, spanningthe earliest habitation sites in North America to 19th-century industrial sites, and nearly everymajor cultural period in between. The Conservancy also publishes American Archaeologymagazine, is the leading provider of archaeological based tours in the United States, and has over23,000 members across the country. This paper will discuss the work of The ArchaeologicalConservancy with particular attention to the sites acquired by the Conservancy’s eastern regionaloffice from 2005 to the present.

Sudina, Antonio and Kathleen M.S. Allen: The Utilitarian Characteristics of IroquoisPottery Vessels

The Iroquois pot, though constrained by various factors, was a tool in Iroquois society. Iroquoispots were mainly used for cooking and exhibit certain thermal properties. Cooking vesselsshould have thermal stress resistance characteristics such as thin walls and inclusions with asimilar rate of expansion as that of the clay fabric. This suggests that wall thickness and tempertype would be directly selected for by the potter to achieve a particular function in the firedvessel. In this study, attributes of body sherds from two sixteenth century Iroquois village sites incentral New York, Parker Farm and Carman, were examined. Sherd thickness was obtained forthe entire sample and a qualitative petrographic analysis was completed on a smaller sample ofbody sherds. This paper examines the technological choices made by potters at Parker Farm andCarman, and, on a broader scale, seeks to explore the engineering concepts available toprehistoric Iroquois potters.

Taché, Karine: Prestigious cache bifaces: new perspectives on Meadowood trade items

In Early Woodland times, the creation of vast interaction spheres resulted in the widespreadcirculation of various objects and raw materials across northeastern North America. In thispresentation, I focus on the nature and contexts of Meadowood trade items from seven majorhabitation and mortuary sites. Traditionally viewed by William A. Ritchie as cult-related items,Meadowood artefacts have subsequently been interpreted as being part of a risk-bufferingstrategy. Alternatively, I present arguments supporting the role of Meadowood artefacts as partof a strategy used by a few individuals or corporate groups to increase their status throughprivilege access to rare and highly valued goods

Timmermans, Steven T.A.: Further Insights into Paleo-Indian Resource Exploitation andAssociated Settlement Patterns in Northeastern North America

Wright (1989) argued that our knowledge of late glacial human cultures in northeastern NorthAmerica lacks a comprehensive understanding of associated subsistence procurement systems.Until recently (see Walker and Driskell 2007), most anthropologists have adopted a big-gamemammalian dominated view of Paleo-Indian subsistence strategies and associated settlementpatterns. In the northeast, caribou exploitation often dominates interpretations of observedPaleo-Indian settlement patterns at former shoreline lacustrine and inland palustrine wetlandassociated habitation sites. Dincauze (2001) recognized the vast avifauna subsistenceopportunities that would have existed in the periglacial northeast, when the current Great Lakes -New England region was the northern extent of nesting grounds for arctic breeding migratorybirds. She suggested an avian-based exploitation strategy as an additional, yet often overlookedexplanation for Paleo-Indian settlement patterns in the northeast. This study employed multi-

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disciplinary methods to evaluate Dincauze’s bird exploitation prediction to help explain observedPaleo-Indian settlement patterns in the northeast. Collectively, I found that comparative seasonalendogenous energetic patterns of caribou and colonial breeding waterfowl, ethnographic reviewsof modern sub-arctic aboriginal hunting strategies, examinations of available avifaunal recordsfrom both Arctic/Subarctic and southern early hunter-gatherer archaeological sites, andcomparative physiography between modern colonial waterfowl breeding sites and recordedPaleo-Indian archaeological sites all support Dincauze’s prediction. In conclusion, migratorywaterfowl exploitation by northeastern Paleo-Indians is a plausible compliment to big-gamehunting and subsistence, and should be further evaluated by those seeking to explain the culturalsignificance of Paleo-Indian settlement patterns in late Pleistocene periglacial North America.The hypothesis could be further tested through re-examination of Paleo-Indian lithic assemblagesand spatial distributions, lithic use-wear and residue analysis, wet site archaeology to target siteswith better faunal preservation, and paleo-environmental reconstruction at several spatial scales.

Tomaso, Mathew, Charles A. Bello, Carolyn Dillian and Mark Demitroff:Geoarchaeological Analysis of Prehistoric Site 28-Bu-718,Township of Evesham,Burlington County, New Jersey

The results of Phase I & II archaeological sampling and geoarchaeological analysis across 33upland acres on the Inner Coastal Plain of southern New Jersey provided data relating to thepresence of geological features such as deflational basins (spungs) and adjacent dune-likedeposits and the areal distribution, stratigraphic composition, chronology, use, and significanceof the associated multi-component prehistoric occupation.

The multidisciplinary project documented sedimentary units, particularly within and adjacent tothe enclosed basin areas (topographic lows) where a series of small (but artifact rich), temporaryaboriginal campsites dating from the Early Archaic through Late Woodland periods wereoccupied and revisited by transient groups. The camps were small in size and were centeredaround resource procurement through seasonal hunting and gathering, and related processingtasks from both forest and wetland environments. The aboriginal occupation was confined to theplowzone and there were no cultural features.

The most distinguishing environmental characteristic of the larger and more productive area ofthe site was its position in a headwater setting on elevated and well-drained sandy soil grouped inclose proximity to a series of what may have been four or more periglacial ponds or basins.

Valko, Amanda L: Native American Lifeways in Western Pennsylvania: The Making of aMuseum Exhibit

The Jefferson County Historical Society in Brookville, PA and the North Fork Chapter #29 ofthe Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology collaborated to produce an archaeological-basedexhibit focusing on Western Pennsylvania’s prehistoric and early historic cultures ranging intime from 10,000 B.C. to 1750 A.D. It took these two groups plus many other volunteersapproximately six months to plan and compile an award winning exhibit that was seen bythousands of visitors.

Van Nest, Julieann, David Asch, Jack Coates and Diane Coates: The Perch Lake Project,Jefferson County, New York: Field Report

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The New York State Museum partnering with the New York State Archaeological Association isin the middle of a 2-year study funded by the National Science Foundation to study the PerchLake mound group.

First reported in the mid-1800s, these annular, non-mortuary mounds continue to defy readyexplanation. Among the many hypotheses proposed is the possibility that they are a kind of largeearthen oven used to process aquatic plant resources. We are taking a GIS-based landscapearchaeology approach to the area’s position between the Black River Bay of Lake Ontario andmineral-rich areas on the Frontenac Arch.

Specifically the project entails a modern survey and census of the mounds, with limited testexcavation designed to recover flotation samples. We are employing geoarchaeologicaltechniques to study aspects of the earthen architecture involved in the construction of thesefeatures, and archaeobotanical analyses to study the large charcoal assemblages associated withthem.

Versaggi , Nina M. :The Late Archaic in Context

The Late Archaic represents the fluorescence of a rich hunter-gatherer adaptation to thetemperate valleys of the Northeast. Traditional cultural chronologies have been dominated bytwo main regional expressions anchored by the Lamoka Phase and Brewerton Phase, defined bythe large aggregation sites associated with each. However, recent research in New York hasproduced new data using new analytical tools that have infused the Late Archaic with greater4regional, temporal, and functional variability. Large suites of radiometric dates, along with theanalysis of lithic production systems, landscape, landform usage, and regional variability haveprovided a new foundation on which to build future Late Archaic interpretations.

Versaggi, Nina M. and Laurie E. Miroff: New Interpretations of the Late Archaic in NewYork (Symposium Abstract)

Interpretations of Late Archaic hunter-gatherers in the Northeast have been limited by decades-old cultural chronologies and land use models that do not adequately represent Northeasternregional and cultural diversity. Recent research has documented more variability than is presentin current models opening discussion to questions about cultural diversity, social dynamics, andland use patterns. The goal of this symposium is to explore new data and contribute to amultidimensional approach to understanding a complex Late Archaic cultural landscape.

Whalen Kathryn M. : The Utility of Multiple Survey Methods on Multi-Component Sites

The McKendry site is a multi- component prehistoric site and historic cemetery in western NewYork. In the past 20 years, there have been several phases of excavations done under the aegis ofmultiple professional and avocational archaeologists with varying levels of mapping accuracy.In May 2008 portions of the site were plowed and surface collected, with new surface scattermaps generated. In September 2008, a ground penetrating radar survey was also conducted tolocate historic graves. A comparison of these techniques and prior excavation results isdiscussed. The goal is to avoid encountering historic graves and performing redundantexcavations while learning from this productive prehistoric site.