Earthquakes

Section 1: What Are Earthquakes?

Go to next slide

This Power Point presentation follows your online or hard copy textbook. Your teacher strongly suggests

that as you view this presentation, that you also follow along with your online or hard copy textbook.

Section 1

Earthquakes (Continued)

• Read all instructions on Mr. Neal’s website before you begin this self-paced unit• Take your time when viewing the slides: you

should fully understand the information on the slide prior to moving to the next slide• Keep notes on each slide• Complete all activities in the order they are

presented

Go to next slide

To complete this activity successfully, you should perform the following actions:

Section 1

What Are Earthquakes? (Do Now)Section 1

Do Now

Now, go to Mr. Neal’s website and read all instructions pertaining to today’s lesson

Go to next slide

Based on your knowledge of plate tectonics, where and why do you think earthquakes occur? Write your response in your notes.

Then, open your online textbook through a new tab in Safari:• Click on file• Click on New Tab• Click on Bookmarks• Click on Holt Online Learning

Here’s some trivia: did you know there is a whole branch of Science devoted to studying earthquakes? It’s called seismology.

What Are Earthquakes? (Student Objectives)Section 1

Objectives: After completing this unit, you should be able to:

• Explain where earthquakes take place

• Explain what causes earthquakes

• Identify three different types of faults that occur at plate boundaries

• Describe how energy from earthquakes travels through the Earth Go to next slide

What Are Earthquakes? (Faults)Section 1

Where Do Earthquakes Occur?

• Tectonic Plates: Most earthquakes take place near the edges of tectonic plates along features called faults• Why?• As a result of tectonic plate movements, numerous

features called faults exist in the Earth’s crust• A fault is a break in the Earth’s crust. Along faults

blocks of the crust slide relative to one another• Earthquakes occur along faults because of this

sliding

Go to next slide

What Are Earthquakes? (Faults Continued)Section 1

Comprehension Check! Answer the following detail-type question in your notes: Where Do Earthquakes Occur?

Answer is an anagram: gnola stluaf

Go to next slide

• The anatomy of a fault: a fault consists of three parts:• A fault plane or crack in the Earth’s crust

• A foot wall: the foot wall is always below the hanging wall

• A hanging wall: the hanging wall is always above the foot wall Fault Plane

Oh no! It’s my fault!

What Are Earthquakes? (Comprehension CheckSection 1

Comprehension Check!

Answer the following detail-type questions in your notes:

Go to next slide

A fault consists of three parts: a hanging wall, a foot wall, and a _______ _______.

Answer is an anagram: aultf elapn

The hanging wall is always ________ the foot wall.

Answer is an anagram: bavoe

There are three basic types of faults

What Are Earthquakes? (Normal Fault)Section 1

A Normal Fault

Go to next slide

The hanging wall moves downward relative to the foot wall.

What Are Earthquakes? (Normal Fault)Section 1

A Normal Fault

Go to next slide

The hanging wall moves downward relative to the foot wall.

What Are Earthquakes? (Reverse Fault)Section 1

A Reverse Fault

Go to next slide

The hanging wall moves upward relative to the foot wall.

What Are Earthquakes? (Reverse Fault)Section 1

A Reverse Fault

Go to next slide

The hanging wall moves upward relative to the foot wall.

What Are Earthquakes? (Strike - Slip Fault)Section 1

A Strike - Slip Fault

Go to next slide

The blocks of crust slide by one another.

What Are Earthquakes? (Strike - Slip Fault)Section 1

A Strike - Slip Fault

Go to next slide

The blocks of crust slide by one another.

What Are Earthquakes? (Comprehension Check)Section 1

Detail-Type Questions: Find the answers in the previous slides

Go to next slide

In a strike-slip fault, blocks of __________ __________ by one another.

Comprehension Check!

The hanging wall moves downward in a _________ fault.

Answer is an anagram: ervseer

Answer is an anagram: struc ledis

What Are Earthquakes? (Comprehension Check)Section 1

Comprehension Check!Higher Order Thinking Skills

H.O.T.S

Go to next slide

Answer the following question in your notes:

Specific faults occur at specific boundaries. At which tectonic plate boundary does a strike-slip fault occur?

Let’s synthesize!

Do you need a hint? First hint: the answer is not in the slides but your head; second hint: the answer is all in the move!!!!!!!!!!

What Are Earthquakes? (The Cause)Section 1

What Causes Earthquakes?Deformation: Elastic deformation leads to earthquakes.

Go to next slide

Elastic Rebound: The sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its original shape is called elastic rebound. Imagine stretching a rubber band and then releasing it.

Did you read the captions?

What Are Earthquakes? (The Cause Continued)Section 1

Go to next slide

Have you read the text and viewed the animation ? Then your ready for the cloze activity.

Elastic deformation is the bending of the Earth's crust in an elastic manner in which rock responds to stress like a rubber band. Elastic deformation often results in ______ ______. Elastic rebound is the sudden return of elastically _______ ______ to its ________ _________. During elastic rebound, rock releases energy that causes an earthquake.

View the elastic rebound animation in your online textbook:• Go to Chapter 5, Section 1• Click on Visual Concepts• Select Elastic Deformation and Elastic Rebound• Read the text and then play the animation

Rewrite the two sentences with the correct responses in your note.

What Are Earthquakes? (Boundaries & Faults)Section 1

Faults and Tectonic Plate Boundaries

• Transform plate motion at a transform boundary causes a strike-slip fault.

Go to next slide

Earthquake Zones Most earthquakes happen in the earthquake zones along tectonic plate boundaries. Earthquake zones are places where a large number of faults are located.

• Convergent plate motion at a convergent boundary causes a reverse fault.

• Divergent plate motion at a divergent boundary causes a normal fault.

What Are Earthquakes? (Boundaries & Faults)Section 1

Go to next slide

Have you read the text and viewed the animation ? Then your ready to go to your next slide.

View the plate motion and earthquake characteristics animation in your online textbook:• Go to Chapter 5, Section 1• Click on Visual Concepts• Select Plate Motion and Earthquake Characteristics Elastic• Read the text and then play the animation

What Are Earthquakes? (Seismic Waves)Section 1

How Do Earthquakes Travel?

• P Waves Waves that travel through solids, liquids, and gases are called P waves (pressure waves).

• S Waves After being deformed from side to side, the rock springs back to its original position and S waves are created. S waves, or shear waves, are the second-fastest seismic waves.

• Surface Waves Surface waves move along the Earth’s surface and produce motion mostly in the upper few kilometers of Earth’s surface. End of Slide

What Are Earthquakes? (Seismic Waves Continued)Section 1

Go to next slide

View the plate motion and earthquake characteristics animation in your online textbook:• Go to Chapter 5, Section 1• Click on Visual Concepts• Select Seismic Waves: Surface Waves• Read the text and then play the animation• Select Body Waves: S Waves and P Waves

Have you read the text and viewed the animation ? Then your ready to go to the next slide and complete the cloze activity.

What Are Earthquakes? (Seismic Waves Continued)Section 1

Go to next slide

Seismic waves are earthquake waves that travel out from the focus of an earthquake in all directions. Surface waves are seismic waves that can only move through ________. _____ _____ are seismic waves that travel through the interior of the Earth. There are two types of body waves: ______ ______, or ________ waves are seismic waves that cause particles of rock to move in a _____ _____ _____ direction. P waves are the fastest seismic waves and can travel through solids, liquids, and _____. S waves, or _______ waves, are seismic waves that cause particles of rock to move in a _____ _____ _____ direction. S waves are the second-fastest seismic waves and can travel only through solids.

Rewrite the five sentences with the correct responses in your note.

What Are Earthquakes? (Student Objectives)Section 1

After completing this unit you should be able to answer the following prompts

• Explain where earthquakes take place (Slides 5 & 6)

• Explain what causes earthquakes (Slides 16 & 17)

• Identify three different types of faults that occur at plate boundaries (Slides 7-15, and Slides 18 & 19)

• Describe how energy from earthquakes travels through the Earth (Slides 20-22)

Go to next slide

What Are Earthquakes? (Assessment Time)Section 1

The End

If you can answer the student objectives, then complete the section quiz for grade provided by your teacher.

You may use the following resource: your notes.

All assessments must be completed independently with no assistance from your partner