Earthquakes and Seismotectonics of Taiwan: An Overview

Yi-Ben TsaiGeosciences Department, Pacific Gas and Electric Company,

San Francisco, USA

September 22, 2009

The Next Generation of Research on Earthquake-induced Landslides: An International Conference in Commemoration of 10th Anniversary of the Chi-Chi Earthquake, 2009

http://www.ncor.ntu.edu.tw/ODBS/depth/taidbmv6/2dshad/2dshad.html

Seismicity of Taiwan, 1990-2008(USGS)

(CWB)

(Wu et al., 2007)

Three-dimensional view of the relocated seismicity of Taiwan (1991-2005)

(Chang, 2000)

GPS velocity field and strain rate (1993-1999)▼ Dilatation and principal strain rate axes ▼ Interseismic velocity relative to S01R

(Yu et al., 2003)

1991.01.01-1999.9.21： 107 1999.9.21-2001.12.31： 401

(Chiang, 2005)

Active faults in Taiwan

Davidson (1903)

(Chen and Tsai, 2008)

Damaging earthquakes in Taiwan (1901-2000)

(http://www.cwb.gov.tw/)

(3276)

(2535)

(1275)

(106)

(355)

Area Total households Collapsed households Collapse rate

Fault zone 1,743 1,084 62.192%

East of fault zone 1,040 803 77.212%

West of fault zone 1,092 891 81.593%

Over all 3,875 2,778 71.690%

1935 Shih-tan fault

Area Population Death toll Fatality rate

Fault zone 10,380 196 1.888%

East of fault zone 6,146 28 0.456%

West of fault zone 8,149 124 1.522%

Over all 24,675 348 1.410%

1935 Shih-tan fault

Area Total households Collapsed households Collapse rate

Fault zone 3,220 1,889 58.665%

South of fault zone 1,094 505 46.161%

North of fault zone 5,814 1,655 28.466%

Over all 10,128 4,049 39.978%

1935 Tun-tze-chiao fault

1935 Tun-tze-chiao fault

Area Population Death toll Fatality rate

Fault zone 22,075 1,292 5.853%

South of fault zone 7,694 140 1.820%

North of fault zone 38,589 402 1.042%

Over all 68,358 1,834 2.682%

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Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the Figure 1. Contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration in gals and the number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan 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or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan number of fatality in each county or city due to the Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999. earthquake of September 21,1999.

Chelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu faultChelungpu fault

E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°E122.05°

E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°E119.36°

N25.41°

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N25.41°

N25.41°

N25.41°

N25.41°

N21.78°

N21.78°

N21.78°

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N21.78°

N21.78°

N21.78°

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N21.78°

N21.78°

N21.78°

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N21.78°

N21.78°

N21.78°

N21.78°

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N21.78°

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N21.78°

N21.78°

N21.78°

N21.78°

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N21.78°

N21.78°

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N21.78°

N21.78°

Iso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in galsIso-seismic intensity in gals

County boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundariesCounty boundaries

Number of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatalityNumber of fatality88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888

PGA(gal)

(Ouchi et al., 2001)

Collapsed unreinforced houses

Area Total households Collapsed households Collapse rate

Fault zone 59,971 8,719 14.539%

East of fault zone 28,124 8,271 29.409%

West of fault zone 85,830 8,348 9.726%

Over all 173,925 25,338 14.568%

Area Population Death toll Fatality rate

Fault zone 226,227 543 0.240%

East of fault zone 102,203 565 0.553%

West of fault zone 307,120 333 0.108%

Over all 635,550 1,441 0.227%

Seismic Zoning Map (1974) Seismic Zoning Map (1982)

(Lee et al., 2001)

CHY080

1 10 100 1000

C losest d istance to rupture surface (km )

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

Hor

izon

tal P

eak

Gro

und

Acc

eler

atio

n (g

)

Cam pbell fo rm for PG A

STD

Site c lass-B

S ite c lass-C

S ite c lass-D

S ite c lass-E

ILA

TAP

HW A

upper s ta tions

M ultip ly by 0.55C am pbell form (1997)

C H I-C H I Earthquake M w 7.6

1 10 100 1000

C losest d istance to rup ture surface (km )

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

Ve

rtic

al P

eak

Gro

und

Acc

eler

atio

n (

g)

C am pbell fo rm for PG A

STD

Site c lass-B

S ite c lass-C

S ite c lass-D

S ite c lass-E

ILA

TA P

H W A

upper s ta tions

M ultip ly by 0.40

C am pbell form (1997)

C H I-C H I Earthquake M w 7.6

1 10 100 1000

C losest d istance to rupture surface (km )

0.1

1

10

100

1000

Hor

izon

tal P

eak

Gro

und

Vel

ocity

(cm

/sec

)

C am pbell form for PG V

STD

S ite class-B

S ite class-C

S ite class-D

S ite class-E

ILA

TAP

H W A

upper stations

M ultip ly by 2.18C am pbell form (1997)

C H I-C H I Earthquake M w 7.6

1 10 100 1000

C losest d istance to rupture surface (km )

0.1

1

10

100

1000

Ver

tical

Pea

k G

roun

d V

eloc

ity (

cm/s

ec)

C am pbell fo rm for PG V

STD

Site c lass-B

S ite c lass-C

S ite c lass-D

S ite c lass-E

ILA

TAP

H W A

upper s tations

M ultip ly by 2.40C am pbell form (1997)

C H I-C H I Earthquake M w 7.6

Chiou and Youngs (2008)

0 . 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0Distance (km )

4

5

6

7

8

Mag

nit

ud

e

Previous Data

0 . 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0Distance (km )

4

5

6

7

8

Mag

nit

ud

e

New Data

Attenuation Relationships for subduction zone earthqukes

Lin (2009)

Different focal mechanisms Different Vs30’s

New Generation of Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Maps for Taiwan:California as an Example

New Generation of Attenuation Relationships

+

Thank you for your attention

中央地質調查所資料

車籠埔斷層逆衝造成的破壞：豐原中正公園附近樓房傾斜

Collapse rate

Death rate

（內政部， 1997） （國家地震工程研究中心， 1999）

Seismic Zoning Map (1997) Seismic Zoning Map (1999)