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Earthquake and Volcano Notes. Earthquake- the shaking and trembling that results from the crust moving. Deformation- any change in the shape or volume of the crust. Stress- a force that acts on rock and changes earth’s shape or volume. . There are three types of stress- - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Earthquake and Volcano Notes
• Earthquake- the shaking and trembling that results from the crust moving. • Deformation- any change in the
shape or volume of the crust.
Stress- a force that acts on rock and changes earth’s shape or volume.
There are three types of stress- Shearing, Tension and Compression
shearing
compression
Parts of a fault• Hanging wall- the half of the fault
that lies above the fault. • Footwall- the half of the fault that
lies below the fault.
Types of faults
There are three types of faults:Strike Slip fault, Normal fault and Reverse fault
Parts of an Earthquake• Focus- exact point where the
fault moves underground.• Epicenter- the point on the
surface directly above the focus. • Seismic waves- earthquake waves
that travel outward like ripples in a pond.
Types of Seismic Waves
Primary Waves- (P-waves)–Strongest waves–1st waves –Compressions
Secondary Waves- (S Waves)- up and down movement- can’t go through liquids
Surface Waves- P & S waves that reach the surface. These are the most destructive
• Seismic waves transfer mechanical energy
• The Wasatch Fault is a normal fault
Volcano Notes• Parts of a Volcano–Magma chamber- large underground
pocket of magma
–Vent or pipe- tubes leading to the surface
–Crater- bowl shaped area at the top
Magma• Magma is below the surface• It rises because it is less dense• Contains gases• Sometimes thick and sometimes
thin• Different amounts of silica• Flowing magma transfers heat and
mechanical energy.
Types of Eruptions
• Quiet Eruption–Low silica–Fast moving lava•Hawaii
–Pahoehoe and Aa
• Explosive Eruption–High silica–Pipes get clogged–Pressure and gas build up until
it explodes–Ash and pyroclastic flow–Example: Mt. St. Helens
Types of Lava
• Pahoehoe- hot, fast moving lava–Like a river
• Aa- slower, chunkier lava• Pyroclastic Flow- large cloud of
debris and ash flowing very fast down the volcano
Types of Volcanoes• Active- An erupting volcano.–About 600–Ring of fire- ring of volcanoes
around the pacific ocean• Dormant- A sleeping volcano.• Extinct- A dead volcano.
Not every volcano is the same.