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Earth/Environmental Science Review Pack Fall 2013
Essential Standard 1.1 Explain the Earth’s role as a body in space (Unit 10)
The Earth in Motion1. Precession slow change in the Earth’s axis due to thegravitational pull of Sun & Moon; similar to a wobbling top;26,000 years to complete the precession period
2. Nutation swaying or nodding motion of the axis; caused by changes inthe sun/moon position relative to each other; 18.6 years
3. Barycenter “center of mass”; the point in space around which 2 objectsorbit; 1000 miles below Earth’s surface
4. Revolution one complete trip of a planet around the sun; for Earth it is365.25 days (this is why we have Leap Year); responsible for the seasons
5. Rotation circular movement around an axis; for Earth it is 24 hours andresults in day/night; our planet rotates from West to East (counterclockwise)
6. Orbit the path of an object as it moves around another object; our planetorbits the sun in an elliptical shape (not a perfect circle)
7. Satellite the movement of a smaller celestial body (moon) around alarger body; artificial satellites have been launched into space to gatherinformation, improve communications, send TV signals, etc.
8. The path of the planets about the sun is elliptical in shape, with the centerof the sun being located at one focus.
9. How are the seasons affected by Earth’s movement?The tilt of the Earth (23.5) degrees as well as the revolution of the Eartharound the sun are the sources for our “seasons”. The tilt and revolutionresult in different geographic areas of the planet being exposed to varyingamounts of sunlight.
10. How are the tides affected by Earth’s movement? The gravitational pullof the Moon and Sun pull water away from earth so that it bulges outward.Spring Tide: When the Sun lines up with the Earth and Moon (new moon &full moon) because the water “springs” higher than normal.Neap Tide: When the sun and moon are 90 degrees apart there is alessened tidal effect
Solar Energy11. How is a star formed? Nebulas, dense clouds of dust and gas usuallyhydrogen, shrink under their own gravity. The temperature and pressure getso high that hydrogen atoms start combining (nuclear fusion) to form helium.Massive amounts of electromagnetic energy are released.
12. What is the difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission?a. Fusion Two light elements combine to form an element with a
heavier nucleus. This releases a large amount of energy.Occurs in the center of our sun and other stars.
b. Fission Reaction in which a large, heavy nucleussplits off into smaller nuclei. This releases a tremendousamount of energy. The heat released by these reactionscan be used to boil water generate steam which turns a turbine. Uranium andPlutonium are commonly used for this type of nuclear reaction.
13. What types of energy are produced by the sun?Electromagnetic Radiation: Radio Waves, Radar waves, Heat (infraredradiation), Light, Ultraviolet Light, Xrays, Short waves, Microwaves, GammaRays
14. How does heat from the sun reach earth’s surface? Solar radiation
15. How does the sun’s energy make it possible for life to exist? Byproviding the energy needed for producers (autotrophs) to make food usingphotosynthesis. The producers are the basis for all food chains. The sun’senergy also provides the warmth that makes our planet habitable.
Universe Hierarchy from largest to smallest:16. Universe → Galaxies → Stars → Solar Systems
17. Define universe: all existing matter and space considered as a whole;the cosmos; approximately 13 billion years old
18. Define galaxy: a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gasand dust, held together by gravitational attraction; is separated from othergalaxies by vast regions of space
Essential Standard 2.1 Explain how processes and forces affect the lithosphere (Units 2 & 3)
Plate Boundaries19. Label and Describe each type of Plate Boundary
Divergent: moving away from each other
Convergent: moving toward each other
Transform: sliding past each other
20. Fill in the Concept Map regarding Plate Boundaries
21. What is the result of a divergent plate boundary?New Oceanic Crust, Ocean Ridge/Rift, Volcanoes
22. Fill in the blanks regarding the plate boundaries?
Rock Cycle
23. Label the following diagram regarding the Rock Cycle Word Bank: Igneous, Metamorphic, Pressure
24. Fill in the blanks regarding Types of Rocks
Earthquakes
25. What is a fault line?Fault line is where the crack is in the rock below the Earth’s surface
26. A very powerful earthquake would have a ___deep__ focus and a___strong__ magnitude.
27. The area on the earth’s surface directly above the focus is called the___epicenter___.Identify the following types of waves associated with earthquakes.
a. P waves: primary wavesb. S waves: secondary wavesc. Surface waves: waves on surface of Earth
28. Which type of waves are the fastest?Surface
29. What type of instrument is used to measure the movement of the ground?__seismometer____ or ____SEISMOGRAPH___
30. Fill in the blanks on the seismogram
31. Match the vocabulary
word to its definition.__I__ focus a. layer of the Earth that is made of the lower mantle _S__ epicenter b. fracture in which the movement of the plates are
horizontal & parallel to each other __B__ fault c. destructive, volcanic mudflow made of a mixture of
water, dirt, & ash _G_ elastic rebound d. instrument used to detect earthquake waves_L__ aftershock e. when two oceanic plates form a midocean ridge at a
divergent boundary _D__ seismograph f. characteristic of ancient rocks that shows the location
of magnetic poles _O__ momentum magnitude g. the springing back of a rock back to its original position_K__ liquefaction h. occurs when one oceanic plate is forced down
beneath a second plate_R__ tsunami i. point within the Earth where an earthquake starts_Q__ lithosphere j. undersea mountains created in the middle of a plate
over a hot area of the mantle__A__ asthenosphere k. when loose soil becomes saturated with water &
can’t support buildings__T__ rift l. smaller earthquake that follows a major earthquake
_E__ seafloor spreading m. a fracture in the Earth where plate movement has occurred
_H__ subduction zone n. important mechanism for causing plate motion when cool crust sinks
_F_ paleomagnetism o. widely used scale to measure earthquake intensity
_J__ hot spot p. circular movement of liquid cool mantles sinking & hot mantle
_N__ slabpull q. layer of the Earth that is made the crust & upper mantle_P__ convection r. seismic sea wave caused by an earthquake under
the ocean_C__ lahar s. location on the surface directly above the focus of an
earthquake__B_ strikeslip fault t. a tear or rip in something
Weathering32. What types of physical weathering are there?Ice Wedging,Root Wedging, Abrasion
33. What are the differences in frost and root wedging?Water is causing the splitting in one and plants in the other
34. What types of chemical weathering are there?Oxidation, Carbonation, Hydration
35. What are the scientific terms for rust and acid rain?Oxidation and Carbonation
36. What are ways to help control chemical weathering?Pollute Less and practice Stewardship
Erosion37. Describe the agents of erosion listed below.
a. Wind erodes small pieces of sediment and blows them away. Wind erosion leaves behind ventifacts in desert areas.
b. Water sediments are carried and dropped into piles that can besorted and unsorted. Water erosion is the one everyone thinks aboutwhen you hear erosion. Water erosion can carve out new streams,rivers, and even caves.
c. Gravity sediments transported by gravity are found at thebottoms of cliffs or steep slopes, gravity is the driving force of erosionand mass movements.
d. Glaciers sediments that have been transported by glaciersappear scratched, grooved, and are deposited in completely unsortedpiles, because they were dropped during melting. Also, boulders can
only be transported by glaciers.
e. Man1.Forestry – all vegetation of removed, and without roots, the
soil will erode away.2.Strip Mining – removing rock cover to get to the resources
below, which causes the loose sediments to erode away.3.Construction – the clearing of land to build buildings/houses
also causes all loose soil to erode away.4.Improper Farming – not plowing the land at right angles to
slopes causes soil to erode away.5.Salting Highways – the salt is washed off the road to the sides,
where it prevents vegetative growth along the sides.
38. How can flooding be prevented?Flooding can be prevented by having proper drainage systems in placealong with levees.
39. What is a flood plain?The area where the water from the body of water runs out onto.
40. What kind of erosion leads to the formation of sand dunes?Wind erosion
Essential Standard 2.2 Understand how human influences impact the lithosphere (Unit 3)
Beach Erosion41. Define beach erosion.Beach erosion is when the ocean takes away the beach front usingwater as the agent of erosion. Sometimes sand bags are placed on thebeach fronts to make the sand not get washed back out to sea.
42. Create a cause and effect chart of beach erosion?
Cause of Beach Erosion Effect /Result (Examples)
High and low tide sand taken out to sea
Hurricanes animals/sand displaced
No preventative measures over time sand is displaced
No sea wall beach front continually moves back
dredging takes sand to another place
42. How do humans try to prevent beach erosion?a. dunes humans create dunes to keep the water from coming to
far inland taking away the sand to sea
b. jetty makes the currents and wave patterns not crash onto the beach front thus lessening the effects of water erosion
c. sea walls works similarly to a dune but is manmade; usually outof concrete
d. sand pumping dredging is when the pumps take sand from aninlet and puts it onto the beach front or from the ocean and bringssand onto the beach front creating more “false” beach front
43. How do humans try to prevent rockslides?humans use rock fall nets such as on highway 321 in NC
44. What are local examples in North Carolina of rockslide protection?Highway 321 going to Boone
45. How does mining for fossil fuels affect the lithosphere?Mining for fossil fuels depletes the nutrients in the lithosphere andcauses faults to occur; can damage habitats and ecosystems
46. Explain UADS (urbanization/agriculture/deforestation, andsustainability) and how it affects our lithosphere.
a. urbanization creates new cities or towns. It affects thelithosphere by polluting more because of the new population andtaking away wildlife habitats.
b. agriculture has good and bad effects on the lithosphere, itdepletes the nutrients but also puts them back into the lithosphere.Agriculture provides food for the population.
c. deforestation is the cutting down of trees and clearing land.Results in poor air quality (the trees & plant life are no longer there toclean the air); habitat destruction; loss of biodiversity; contributes toglobal warming.
d. sustainability is the practice of living responsibly and being abetter steward to the Earth. By doing this the lithosphere remainshealthier and a better place to live.
Essential Standard 2.3 Explain the structure and processes within the hydrosphere (Unit 5)Floods47. What causes floods to occur?
When water spills over the sides of a stream’s banks onto theadjacent land.
48. The broad, flat area that extends out from a stream’s bank and is coveredby excess water during times of flooding is the streams
a. stream channelb. flood plainc. water tabled. flood waters
49. What is the difference between upstream and downstream flooding?Upstreamflooding of a small/localized area, lots of damage in a
small amount of time caused by dam failure or large amounts of rain ina short time.
Downstream heavy accumulations of excess water from largeregional drainage systems. Occur during/after longlasting intensestorms or spring thaws of snow packs causing extensive damage
Ocean Currents50.What are surface currents, and what causes them?
Surface currents affect the top 400 meters of the ocean. They arecaused by winds, solar heating and the coriolis effect.
51.How is the uneven heating of the Earth related to ocean currents?The uneven heating causes difference in temperature of ocean waterthat in turn causes differences in density. As a result a convectioncurrent is formed as a result of the more dense water flowing to theless dense areas.
52. How do the following factors affect ocean currents:a. Temperature: water molecules in the ocean expand when they
become heated, following the principle of density, it then rises to thetop of the ocean. The cooler water, which is more dense than the warmwater, sinks to the bottom and takes up the space left by the risingwarm water. The result is a convection current.
b. Salinity: When the water molecules of the ocean become heated,they expand. Extra space is created by this expansion into which salt andother molecules can fit. Since warmer water thus can hold more salt andother molecules than cold water; it can have a higher salinity. To relate this toocean currents, the higher the salinity of ocean water, the more dense itbecomes. When the salinity is high enough, the water will sink, startinga convection current. This means that cold water can sit on top of warmwater if the warm water has a high enough salinity, and that the natural flowof a current actually can be reversed based on the related density, salinityand temperature of the ocean water.
c. Density: Water that is more dense will sink to the ocean floor. Asthis happens, less dense water has to move out of the way. The lessdense water rises. This process creates a circular pattern known as aconvection current.
53. Explain how ocean currents are responsible for influencing the climate ofsome coastal areas, such as Europe.
Ocean currents carry warmer moist air from the Gulf up towardscoastal Europe. Therefore the air is warmer there than you would thinkbased on its geographic location.
54. What is the Ekman spiral?When surface water is moved by the wind, they drag deeper layers ofwater below them by friction. Each deeper layer moves more slowlythan the layer above it, until the movement ceases (~100 meters). Thedeeper water is deflected by the Coriolis effect, as a result, eachsuccessively deeper layer of water moves more slowly to the right orleft, creating a spiral effect. Because the deeper layers of water movemore slowly than the shallower layers, they tend to “twist around” andflow opposite to the surface current.
55. Define:a. Spring natural discharge of groundwater at Earth’s surface
where an aquifer and an aquiclude come in contact
b. Geyser Explosive hot spring that erupts regularly
c. Aquifer Permeable underground layer through whichgroundwater flows relatively easily
d. Well deep hole drilled or dug into the ground to reach areservoir of groundwater
56. What is saltwater intrusion? Contamination of freshwater by saltwater. In coastal areas the freshwater is underlain by denser salty waterand over pumping of wells can cause the salt water to rise into thewells and contaminate the freshwater aquifer.
57. What could happen to an area if there was too little precipitation?drought; affects species diversity in an area; decreasesbiodiversity
58. What could happen to an area if there was too much precipitation?flood; causes habitat destruction and decreases biodiversity
Essential Standard 2.4 Evaluate how humans use water (Unit 5)DAMS59. 78% of the domestic water used in the united states goes to;
a. flushing toiletsb. bathingc. washing dishes and clothingd. all the above
60. Name some ways domestic uses can be reduced
installing low flow toilets, using drought resistant plants, fixingleaking pipes and faucets
61. Dams built across river valleys function to;control flooding downstream, capture rivers flow so it can be
released as needed
62. 25%50% of the total runoff of every continent is controlled by:Dams and reservoirs
Essential Standard 2.5 Understand the structure of and processes within our atmosphere (Unit 6& 7)
Atmospheric Layers63. Label the diagram with the following information:
64. Which gases make up earth’s atmosphere? (2 main ones make up 99%)Nitrogen and Oxygen
65. Which gas makes up the largest component (highest percentage) of theatmosphere? Nitrogen 78%
66. What is the main purpose of the ozone layer?protect us from harmful solar radiation
67. What is the main cause of damage to the ozone layer?CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) from aerosols and pollution
68. What are the negative effects of the depletion (destruction) of the ozonelayer? increased UV radiation leads to skin cancer, global warming,changing weather patterns, loss of animal habitats,
Acid Rain & pH Scale69. What is the cause of acid rain?
Carbonic Acid getting into our atmosphere
70. What kind of damage is caused by prolonged exposure to acid rain?a. plantlife: kills the plants which makes our air quality worsen
b. aquatic ecosystems: kills the animals which eventually works itsway back up the food chain to us
c. structures/buildings: can weather and breakdown the buildingscausing them to fall
d. cars: cause paint jobs to fade and to crack clear coatings
71. What can be done to help control acid rain?car pool, pollute less, reduce, reuse, recycle
Air fronts72. What are the 4 types of weather fronts?(hint: COWS)
a. Cold
b. Occluded
c. Warm
d. Stationary
73. Label each symbol.
Movement of Air masses74. What is a source region?place where the air mass originates
75. Can an air mass change from its original type? (hint: AMM)yes air mass modifications
76. List & describe the types of air masses →CPcontinental polor dry and coldCT Cotinental Tropical humid and warmMP Maritime Polar humid and coldMT Maritime Tropical humid and warmA Arctic dry and bitterly cold
Storms77. Formation of: a. Hurricanes Atlantic Ocean
b. Cyclones Indian Ocean
c. Typhoons Pacific Ocean
78. What are the basic needs of these storms?warm water, moisture, and mechanism to lift the air
79. What causes them to “die” out?lack of warm water, moisture, and lifting mechanism
80. What classification chart do we use to rate hurricanes?SaffirSimpson
81. How does a tornado form?forms out of a supercell thunderstorm
82. What are the basic needs of the storm and what causes it to stop?warm and cold air mixing, updrafts/downdrafts, moisture. It stops whenthere are too many downdrafts (air cools)
83. In which area of the USA are tornadoes common?Tornado Alley, Midwest USA
84. What classification chart do we use to rate tornadoes?Fujita (F) Scale
Clouds85. What are the basic cloud types? (hint: CSC)
a. Cumulus
b. Stratus
c. Cirrus
86. How are clouds classified?by shape and height in the atmosphere
87. Label the chart of cloud typesWord bank: cumulonimbus, cirrus, stratus, cumulus
Thunderstorms88. Formation:
a. How long does it take? 2030 minutesb. What are the basic ingredients to a thunderstorm?warm/cold air mixing, updrafts/downdrafts, and lifting mechanismc. Is it possible for it to develop into a tornado?yes most tornadoes form from super cell thunderstorms
89. What are the differences in a normal thunderstorm and a severethunderstorm? severe last longer and have intense rotation updraftswhich can lead to the formation of a tornado
Essential Standard 2.6 Analyze patterns of global climate change over time (Unit 7 FRICK)Climate90. Complete the Venn Diagram to compare/contrast Weather &Climate
91. Define macroclimate.The climate of a large geographic area.
92. Define microclimate.The climate of a smaller area within the largerexample: Charlotte, NC
93. What determines the climate of an area?Daily weather patterns, precipitation, geographic location
Climate Change94. Natural sources of climate change include:
a. volcanic eruptions
b. solar activityc. changes in Earth’s tilt or orbit
Carbon cycle95. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas which enhances the warming effectof the atmosphere.
96. Photosynthesis is the only process that removes CO2. Plants removecarbon dioxide from the atmosphere and require solar light/energy in orderto make their own food.Plants release oxygen into the atmosphere.
97. Label the diagram of the Carbon CycleWord bank: sun, combustion, respiration, photosynthesis, fossil fuels
Greenhouse Effect98. Identify at least 4 greenhouse gases.
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor99. What is the greenhouse gas that is focused on most?
Carbon Dioxide
100. Why is it the gas that is most concerning?the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been causedmostly by human activities; therefore, we can try to “fix” the problemsthat we are causing
101. A dramatic increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are caused byhuman activities such as: burning fossil fuels, factories, deforestation,urbanization, agriculture, and not practicing stewardship
102. Excess carbon dioxide can impact the biosphere in many ways. Givedetails about each of the following:
a. Ocean acidification mollusks shells are gone which makesother bigger predators lose food which makes their predators losefood all the way to the human level
b. Sea levels rise due to the ice caps meltingc. El Niño = ocean current causes dramatic change in weather(hot)d. La Niña = ocean current that causes cooler weather patternse. Ecosystem balance = can cause problems with the food chains,
habitats, and eventually back up to the human levelf. Agriculture = causes changes in weather patterns which affect
crops; food supplies can be messed up and farmers can lose money
103. Define heat island.smaller area that is hotter than the surrounding area due toanswers in 104.
104. What are the causes of heat islands?
buildings, roads, air pollution, smog, and factories
105. Where can heat islands currently be found?larger cities across the world have heat islands; example: New YorkCity
Essential Standard 2.7 Explain how the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere individuallyand collectively affect the biosphere (UNIT 8)Levels of Ecological Organization
106. Describe each of the following:
Organism =An individual; examples: a plant, animal, bacteria,protist (amoeba) or fungusPopulation =a group of individuals of the same species living inthe same areaCommunity = All living things interacting in an areaEcosystem =all living and nonliving things interacting in an areato ensure survivalBiome =a major ecological community, extending over a largearea and usually characterized by a dominant vegetationBiosphere = the part of the earth's surface and atmosphereinhabited by living things
107. Fill in the food web with the following information:
Biomes108. Fill in the chart with the missing information
TropicalRainforest
TemperateDeciduousForest
Taiga Tundra Grassland
Location near the equator Eastern half ofUS, Canada,Europe, parts ofRussia, China &Japan
Europe,Asia,Siberia, N.America
North Pole;Arctic Circle
around theglobe
AbioticInfo
temperatures arewarm yearround;between 50 to250 inches ofrainfall
warm summers,winters are notas cold/long asTaiga; rich soil
short, warmsummers long winters
very cold formost of theyear; soil ispoor innutrients;“permafrost”
usuallysemiarid(mostly dry)
Plants thick canopy, littlevegetation onrainforest floor;
evergreens andtrees that loseleaves in the Fall
mostlyevergreens;resilient
shrubbery,lichen, moss,flowers
grass isdominant plantlife; grazing
many of ourmedicines comefrom rainforestplants
(maple, elm,oak, etc); a lot ofplant life onforest floor dueto thinner canopy
vegetation;little plant lifeon forestfloor due todensecanopy
shallow roots;resilient plants
areas; very fewtrees
Animals mammals, birds,reptiles,amphibians,insects; many areadapted to life inthe trees orprotection frompredators(poisonous,camouflage,brightly colored)
birds, mammals,reptiles; a fewamphibians.Many animalsare adapted tosurvive coldweather
mainly birdsandmammals adapted tocold weather manyhibernateduring thewinter
polar bears,caribou, greywolves,falcons, etc.Birds migrateduring winter.Other animalshave extralayers of fatand hibernatedue to lack offood.
grazingmammals,birds, insects,few reptilesex: lions,elephants,antelope, bison
AdditionalInfo
high level ofbiodiversity
close relative toTaiga biome
“boreal” from Finnishword“turnturia” =frozen land
Biodiversity109. Define biodiversity/species diversity? The number and variety oforganisms found within a specified geographic region
110. Define carrying capacity:The maximum number of individuals that agiven environment can support indefinitely
111. Define limiting factors: A factor present in an environment thatcontrols a process, particularly the growth, abundance or distributionof a population of organisms in an ecosystem. (The availability of food,water, nutrients, shelter, and predation pressure are examples offactors limiting the growth of a population size)
112. What advantages are associated with an ecosystem that has a highlevel of genetic variation among the populations? Ecosystems that have
high biodiversity are more stable than those with fewer speciesbecause they are able to recover more quickly from harmful eventssuch as disease and drought.
Essential Standard 2.8 Evaluate human behaviors in terms of how likely they are to ensure theability of live sustainably on Earth. (Units 4 & 9)Energy & Human Impact on the Environment
Traditional Energy sources113. Fill in the chart with the missing information
EnergySource
Method usedto Acquire
Environmental Impact Other info...
Peat harvesting peat is drained and dried;removed; taken to beprocessed
“slowlyrenewable”
Wood harvesting trees are removed; destroyshabitat; reduces biodiversity
reforestation couldhelp to reducenegative effects
Coal mining removes vegetation; candestroy or displace animalpopulations
fossil fuel; limitedsupply and pollutesthe atmospherewhen burned
Uranium/Plutonium
mining occurs naturally in rocksmining must occur;radioactive
can be used asfuel for nuclearpower plants;radioactive waste isa concern
Oil drilling drilling and extraction candamage habitats
fossil fuel; formedfrom dead plants &animals
Natural Gas drilling damages the land wheredrilling occurs
fossil fuel
114. Define deforestation:
cutting down trees and not using that area for forest use115. What are the effects of deforestation?
air pollution, loss of animals habitat, loss of agricultural areas
116. Define reforestation:planting forest back to replace what was taken away
Sustainability117. What does it mean to use our resources in a sustainable way?using resources in such a way that they will be able to be replacedbefore they are all gone; Recycle; Reduce; Reuse
118. Define stewardship.taking care of the Earth and using resources responsibly to preservethe environment and resources for future generations
Examples of how we can impact our environment and be goodstewards
119. Give examples of actions we can take to reduce our environmentalimpact.
a. Reduce not using as much water when brushing teethb. Reuse reusing plastic bottles for drinksc. Recycle recycling boxes and bottles than can be used to makeother items people use everyday like pens or paper
Alternative Energies120. Fill in the chart with the missing information.
AlternativeEnergySource
How ispower
produced?
Benefits Negativeeffects
Is itsustainable?
Hydropower water turns a little pollution building dams yes;
turbine whichis connected
to agenerator toproduceelectricity
compared toburning fossil
fuels
andreservoirs =expensive;damages
habitats andalters lifestylefor manyanimals
depending onif you are
located neara watersource
Wind wind turns aturbine whichproduceselectricity
can beconstructedin manyplaces; donot breakdown easily
unreliablewind patterns
in someareas; canharm birds
yes; more soin areas withreliable aircurrents
Uranium nuclearfission;released
energy heatswater intosteam which
turns aturbine
generator
produce alarge amountof energy;relatively“clean”
compared tofossil fuels
producesradioactivewaste whichmust bestored
correctly untilit is no longerradioactive
yes; you geta lot of
energy from asmall amount
Biomass
Solar solar panels clean; can bestored and/or“sold” back tothe powercompanies
can beexpensive toget startedand maintainequipment
yes
Human Population Growth
121. Describe the historyof human population growth.it started slow but saw a boom between due to the IndustrialRevolution, better healthcare, etc. (18002000 AD)
122. Describe the current growth of the human population?our growth is growing rapidly, many scientists think we are nearing ourcarrying capacity
123. What are some factors that can limit human population growth?famine (food availability), disease, availability of land for agriculture,clean water
124. If the human population continues to grow at its current rate, how willthat affect the resources available on earth in terms of:
Availability of living space: less space available; prices of housing
in urban areas will continue to rise; deforestation will continue to
occur to provide housing and other materials
Drinking water: higher demand for clean water; eventually may tax
or limit the amount of water you are allowed to consume
Food availability: in poorer areas food supplies could be
dramatically affected by climate change which is a direct result of
human activities
Land available for farming: less land available for crops and
agriculture; quality of farmland may decrease due to overuse
Clean air: without a conscious effort to solve the problems that
lead to pollution we will continue to pollute the air which leads to
dramatic warming of the earth and health problems
Ecological Footprint125. Define ecological footprint measures the amount of naturalresources that are required to support an individual or a country for:
*growing crops*living space*disposal of waste*production of energy
