EARTH SCIENCE EARTH SCIENCE PRACTICE OGT PRACTICE OGT

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

By studying folds and faults in By studying folds and faults in rocks, scientists can determine rocks, scientists can determine the…the…

A.A. Absolute age of the rocksAbsolute age of the rocks

B.B. Order of past geologic eventsOrder of past geologic events

C.C. Depth of the ocean when the rocks Depth of the ocean when the rocks formedformed

D.D. Life forms that lived when the Life forms that lived when the rocks formedrocks formed

Question 1

The geologic timetable is divided The geologic timetable is divided into three large time units called into three large time units called eras. What factor were these time eras. What factor were these time divisions based upon?divisions based upon?

A.A. Volcanic and earthquake Volcanic and earthquake activityactivity

B.B. Locations were rocks are foundLocations were rocks are found

C.C. Equal units of geologic timeEqual units of geologic time

D.D. Major changes in life formsMajor changes in life formsQuestion 2

What type of rock are most What type of rock are most fossils found in?fossils found in?

A.A. Igneous rockIgneous rock

B.B. Sedimentary rockSedimentary rock

C.C. Metamorphic rockMetamorphic rock

D.D. Volcanic rockVolcanic rock

Question 3

What is the name of the theory What is the name of the theory that states Earth’s crust is that states Earth’s crust is

broken up into large pieces that broken up into large pieces that move and interact?move and interact?

A.A. Natural selectionNatural selection

B.B. Mountain buildingMountain building

C.C. The rock cycleThe rock cycle

D.D. Plate tectonicsPlate tectonics

Question 4

Examine the diagram of the sun. Examine the diagram of the sun. Which part of the sun has the Which part of the sun has the greatest thickness?greatest thickness?

A.A. The coreThe core

B.B. ChromosphereChromosphere

C.C. CoronaCorona

D.D. PhotospherePhotosphere

Question 5

What is the main process taking What is the main process taking place inside of a star in order for place inside of a star in order for the star to produce and release the star to produce and release

energy?energy?

A.A. Radioactive implosionRadioactive implosion

B.B. Nuclear fusionNuclear fusion

C.C. Nuclear fissionNuclear fission

D.D. Combustion Combustion

Question 6

Stars are born, go through a life Stars are born, go through a life cycle, and then eventually die. cycle, and then eventually die.

Where are the stars formed?Where are the stars formed?

A.A. From the planets in a solar systemFrom the planets in a solar system

B.B. In cometsIn comets

C.C. In asteroidsIn asteroids

D.D. In nebulaeIn nebulae

Question 7

Our solar system belongs to the Our solar system belongs to the Milky Way galaxy. Which of the Milky Way galaxy. Which of the following terms describes the following terms describes the

Milky Way’s classification?Milky Way’s classification?

A.A. Irregular galaxyIrregular galaxy

B.B. Spiral galaxySpiral galaxy

C.C. Elliptical galaxyElliptical galaxy

D.D. Spherical galaxySpherical galaxy

Question 8

What is the big bang theory?What is the big bang theory?

A.A. A theory that states that particles in A theory that states that particles in the universe are constantly implodingthe universe are constantly imploding

B.B. A theory that states that the universe A theory that states that the universe has no beginning and no endhas no beginning and no end

C.C. A theory that states the universe A theory that states the universe began with a tremendous explosionbegan with a tremendous explosion

D.D. A theory that states the universe is A theory that states the universe is currently nothing more than a small currently nothing more than a small ball of matterball of matter

Question 9

Prokaryotes were the first Prokaryotes were the first organisms known to have organisms known to have

appeared on Earth. Around 1.5 appeared on Earth. Around 1.5 billion years ago, another form billion years ago, another form

of life, known as eukaryotes of life, known as eukaryotes evolved. Which of the following evolved. Which of the following

kingdoms did the first kingdoms did the first eukaryotes most likely belong?eukaryotes most likely belong?

A.A. FungiFungi

B.B. Archaebacteria Archaebacteria

C.C. ProtistaProtista

D.D. Eubacteria Eubacteria Question 10

Which of the following types of Which of the following types of radiometric dating is most radiometric dating is most

useful for dating an object that useful for dating an object that is around 20,000 years old?is around 20,000 years old?

A.A. Potassium – Argon methodPotassium – Argon method

B.B. Uranium – Lead methodUranium – Lead method

C.C. There is no radiometric dating method There is no radiometric dating method available for an object that ageavailable for an object that age

D.D. Carbon – 14 methodCarbon – 14 method

Question 11

The outermost layer of the earth The outermost layer of the earth is called the…is called the…

A.A. SurfaceSurface

B.B. MantleMantle

C.C. CrustCrust

D.D. OceanOcean

Question 12

A fracture in the earth’s crust is A fracture in the earth’s crust is called a __________called a __________

A.A. CrackCrack

B.B. CanyonCanyon

C.C. PlatePlate

D.D. Fault Fault

Question 13

Which of the following occurs Which of the following occurs when the Earth’s crust shifts?when the Earth’s crust shifts?

A.A. EclipseEclipse

B.B. EarthquakeEarthquake

C.C. VolcanoVolcano

D.D. Ocean tidesOcean tides

Question 14

Why do volcanoes often form Why do volcanoes often form along the edge of tectonic along the edge of tectonic

plates?plates?A.A. Magma is formed when the pressure of a Magma is formed when the pressure of a

plate’s edge increases as it is pushed plate’s edge increases as it is pushed upwardupward

B.B. Materials from Earth’s core are able to Materials from Earth’s core are able to escape through faults around a plate’s edgeescape through faults around a plate’s edge

C.C. Magma is formed when the temperature of Magma is formed when the temperature of a plate’s edge increases as it is pushed a plate’s edge increases as it is pushed downwarddownward

D.D. Materials that are denser rise up at the Materials that are denser rise up at the plate’s edge and turn into magmaplate’s edge and turn into magma

Question 15

Which of the following is an Which of the following is an example of erosion?example of erosion?

A.A. Cold temperatures freeze the surface Cold temperatures freeze the surface of a pondof a pond

B.B. In fall, leaves change colors from In fall, leaves change colors from green to orangegreen to orange

C.C. During a drought, a pond dries up During a drought, a pond dries up and all the fish dieand all the fish die

D.D. The wind is blowing the topsoil form a The wind is blowing the topsoil form a freshly plowed piece of landfreshly plowed piece of land

Question 16

_______ is the driving force _______ is the driving force behind erosionbehind erosion

A.A. GravityGravity

B.B. DepositionDeposition

C.C. Human activityHuman activity

D.D. Earthquake activityEarthquake activity

Question 17

Which of the following shoreline Which of the following shoreline processes is an example of processes is an example of

deposition?deposition?

A.A. Breakdown of gravel into sandBreakdown of gravel into sand

B.B. Carving of sea cliffs by wavesCarving of sea cliffs by waves

C.C. Wave removal of sand from beachesWave removal of sand from beaches

D.D. Accumulation of mud in baysAccumulation of mud in bays

Question 18

Stars appear to have life spans Stars appear to have life spans of billions of years. During that of billions of years. During that

time they…time they…

A.A. Never change in sizeNever change in size

B.B. Constantly become largerConstantly become larger

C.C. Constantly become smallerConstantly become smaller

D.D. Change in size and temperatureChange in size and temperature

Question 19

Major mountain ranges are Major mountain ranges are formed when crustal plates…formed when crustal plates…

A.A. Push into each otherPush into each other

B.B. Slide past each otherSlide past each other

C.C. Move away from each otherMove away from each other

D.D. Break into smaller platesBreak into smaller plates

Question 20

If the Earth’s axis were NOT If the Earth’s axis were NOT tilted, the amount of daylight in tilted, the amount of daylight in

Ohio would probably be…Ohio would probably be…

A.A. About 12 hours every dayAbout 12 hours every day

B.B. About 24 hours every dayAbout 24 hours every day

C.C. Shorter in the winterShorter in the winter

D.D. Longer in the summerLonger in the summer

Question 21

The movement of large plates The movement of large plates on Earth’s surface is responsible on Earth’s surface is responsible

for producing…for producing…

A.A. Rivers and lakesRivers and lakes

B.B. Glaciers and desertsGlaciers and deserts

C.C. Hurricanes and tornadoesHurricanes and tornadoes

D.D. Trenches and mountainsTrenches and mountains

Question 22

If two climates were very If two climates were very similar, you would expect them similar, you would expect them

to have similar…to have similar…

A.A. GeographyGeography

B.B. Temperature rangesTemperature ranges

C.C. PopulationsPopulations

D.D. Latitudes Latitudes

Question 23

Convection cells in earth’s Convection cells in earth’s mantle are caused by heat mantle are caused by heat being released fro the decay of being released fro the decay of radioactive materials deep in radioactive materials deep in the ground. The slow-flowing the ground. The slow-flowing movement of the mantle causesmovement of the mantle causesA.A. The continents to driftThe continents to driftB.B. Rotation of the earthRotation of the earthC.C. Wind belts in the atmosphereWind belts in the atmosphereD.D. Expansion of the earth’s surfaceExpansion of the earth’s surface

Question 24

Which of the following is the Which of the following is the largest?largest?

A.A. The sunThe sun

B.B. A galaxyA galaxy

C.C. The solar systemThe solar system

D.D. Our planetOur planet

Question 25