Upload
others
View
4
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Ms. Holton
Day 12
22 August 2019
Earth Science
1
8th Grade
Welcome!Your bell work for today is…
▪ Grab an atlas from the bookshelf in the back
▪ Look through a few maps and identify
▪ What makes it map?
▪ What components are a part of every map?
▪ What information can you get from a map?
2
Homework
▪ Read pp. 32-38
▪ Complete WB p. 21-22
▪ Start on vocab
3
▪ Elevation - The height above sea level.
▪ Relief - The difference in elevation between the
highest and lowest parts of an area
▪ Landform - A feature of the topography
4
Topography is the shape of the land
Describe Elevation and Relief
5Pali Coast State Park
Kauai, HI
Describe Elevation and Relief
6
Sapelo Island, GA
Salt Marsh
Describe Elevation and Relief
7
Describe Elevation and Relief
8Mt. Everest
Earth’s Surface: Plains
• Varying elevation, Low relief
−Nearly flat or with gently rolling hills
• Plains landform regions:
−Great Plains
−Gulf Coastal Plain
−Atlantic Coastal Plain
9Great Plains, MT
Earth’s Surface: Mountains
• High elevation, High relief
− Usually part of a mountain range
• Mountain landform regions:
− Appalachian Mtns
− Adirondack Mtns
− Rocky Mtns
− Sierra Nevada
− Coastal Range
− Cascade Range
10
Grand Teton, WY
Monte Fitz Roy, Patagonia
Earth’s Surface: Plateaus
• High elevation, Low relief
− more-or-less level surface
• Landform regions which are plateaus
− Piedmont Plateau
− Appalachian Plateau
− Ozark Plateau
− Colorado Plateau
− Snake Plateau
− Columbia Plateau
11Columbia Plateau, ID/WA/OR
Colorado Plateau, AZ
▪ Title – specifies area shown
▪ Scale – shows relationship between map vs.
actual distance
▪ Practice!
▪ Compass rose – orients map relative to true north
▪ Legend - symbols and meanings
▪ Date - when map information was recorded
12
Components of a Map
13
Components of a Map
Cardinal
directions?
14
Latitude and Longitude form a coordinate system grid for Earth
Equator and Prime Meridian
• Equator
− Horizontal line encircling
Earth halfway between
the poles, dividing N & S
hemisphere
• Prime Meridian
− Vertical line encircling the
Earth through N & S pole
• Used as the origin in a
system of coordinates
15
Latitude and Longitude
16
• Based on the angle at the center of the Earth
• Latitude
− Angle N or S of equator
− Equator is 0° latitude
• Longitude
− Angle E or W of prime meridian
− Prime meridian is defined as 0° long through Greenwich, England
Ms. Holton
Day 13
23 August 2019
Earth Science
17
8th Grade
Welcome!Your bell work for today is…
▪ Pick up a Longitude and Latitude Packet
▪ Complete #1 – 4
18
Homework
▪ Read pp. 39-43
▪ Complete WB pp. 26 (bottom half only)
19
Class Greeter?
How long did
you lab report
take?
20
51.5 ° N 0.1 ° W
55.8 ° N 37.6 ° E
40.7 ° N 74.0 ° W
33.9 ° S 151.2 ° E
Latitude and longitude pinpoints any location on Earth’s surface
21
Phoenix
33N, 112W
Los Angeles
34N, 118WChicago
42N, 88W
Boston
42N, 71W
Earth has two sets of poles!
• Magnetic poles have changed throughout history
− NOT the same as the geographic poles
• Geographic polesnever change
− True North is the direction to the geographic North Pole
22
Magnetic Declination
• A correction for the
difference between
geographic north and
magnetic north
• Measured as degrees
E or W of true north
• Declination is positive
when the magnetic
north is E of true north
23
Scottsdale
+10º 11’
24
25
Magnetic declination changes over time
26
Compare the size of Greenland to the United States
27
Compare the size of Greenland to the United States
28
What is the difference between these two maps?
The projection!
How does a cartographer deal with the translation
of a round-ish Earth to a flat map/screen?
29
Maps are flat. Earth is round.
Features are projected onto a flat surface as if a
light were aimed at the planet, casting a shadow
30
Map Projections
31
Basic Types of Map Projects
Planar/AzimuthalCylindrical/Mercator
Ms. Holton
Day 14
26 August 2019
Earth Science
32
8th Grade
▪ Projected onto a cylinder touching only at Equator
▪ High distortion at poles (Greenland)
▪ Preserves shapes
33
Cylindrical or Mercator Projection
34
▪ Projected onto cone that touches at one parallel
▪ Distorts north and south of that parallel
▪ Preserves size (Equal-Area)
35
Conic Projection
Planar or Azimuthal Projection
36
• Projected onto a plane
• Touches at only one
point, often N or S pole
• Distorts farther away
from point of contact