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Earth Observation GEOSS related services and projects in Bulgaria
Anton StoimenovGeoinformatics Department with RS and GIS Centre
Solar‐Terrestrial Influences Institute at the Bulgarian Academy of [email protected]
Outline
• Disasters National Earth Observation Centre at the
Ministry of Emergency Situations
• Ecosystems &
• Biodiversity CORINE Land Cover 1990, 2000 and 2006
• Agriculture IACS – National Integrated Administration
and Control System
• Research EARLINET‐ASOS (European Aerosol Research Lidar
Network ‐ Advanced Sustainable Observation System)
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National Earth Observation Centreat the Ministry of Emergency Situations
Main Purpose:To Support
risks and disasters management
on National level
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The center was opened in July 2007
Equipment
NАSА EOS TERRA & AquaPixel size 250, 500 and 1 000 m
Two ground receiving stations for registration and processing ofsatellite data in real time are the main source of actual information
NOAA‐15, 16, 17, & 18 ‐ AVHRRPixel size 1 000 m
Feng Yun 1 – China’s Meteo SatellitePixel size 1 000 m
Low resolution imagery
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EquipmentTwo ground receiving stations for registration and processing of
satellite data in real time are the main source of actual information
High resolution imageryDMC (Disaster Monitoring Constellation)Operated by UK DMC International Imagingfor the Algerian, Nigerian, Turkish, British and Chinese governments – pixel size 30 m
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System Integration
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MeteorologicalSatellites imagery
DMC imagery
Analysis and assessment
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Regions in flooding danger ‐ analysis and assessment based on satellite data integration with ground truths and meteo forecast
Analysis and assessment
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Snow cover mapLand surface temperature (Co)
Snow cover
More than 50 NASA algorithmsfor satellite image processing,distributed in three main packages “land”, “water” and “atmosphere” are used to get basic physical parameters of the current state of the atmosphere, land and water surfaces.
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Snow cover
Fire damage assessment
Assessment technology
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GEO – portal (Ministry of Emergency Situations)
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Web based daily information transfer to Governmental and Regional Administrations
Rain fall Rain fall Current probability intensity
Snow cover atm. preasure atm. temperature above the cloud cover
EO for Land Cover Land Use Mapping
This view remained prevalent for a long time despite the fact
that farming practices have been causing irreversible
damage in certain areas for centuries.
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Until recently, it was generally assumed that in the long term
human activity had little lasting effect on the land thanks to
nature's ability to restore itself.
Over the next few decades the global effects of land use and land cover change may be as significant as those associated with climate change.
EO for Land Cover Land Use Mapping
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Changes in land use and land cover are directly linked to many
facets of human health and welfare, including biodiversity, food
production, and the origin and spread of disease. Yet, we know
very little about this important human‐caused agent of global
change.
As a response to these challenges many Land Cover projects
based on EO technology are implemented on national, regional
and global level.
The EC contribution:• CORINE Land Cover Project (1990‐2000‐2006) and • ESA project GLOBCOVER – global land cover map at 300 m resolution.
CORINE Land Cover Project
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Methodology – unified for all participant countries
Primary information – multispectral satellite imagery
Scale 1:100 000
Minimal mapping unit: 25 ha
Minimal change area: 5 ha
Boundary displacement: ≥ 100 m
Time consistency: ± 1 year
Only real changes are mapped
Thematic accuracy: ≥ 85%
Computer aided interpretation (CAPI) by Mapping Units
CORINE Land Cover Nomenclature
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Level 1 (5 classes)
Level 2(15 classes)
Level 3(44 classes)
1. Artificial surfaces 4 classes 11 classes
2. Agricultural areas 4 classes 11 classes
3. Forest and semi-natural areas 3 classes 12 classes
4. Wetlands 2 classes 5 classes
5. Water bodies 2 classes 5 classes
Parameter CLC1990 CLC2000 CLC2006
Satellite data Landsat 4/5 TM single date
Landsat-7 ETM+single date
SPOT 4 and SPOT 5, IRS – dual date
Time consistency 1986-1998 2000 +/- 1 year 2006+/- 1 year
Geom. accuracysatellite images ≤ 50 m ≤ 25 m ≤ 25 m
Min. mapping unit 25 ha 25 ha 25 ha
Geom. accuracy 100 m better than 100 m better than 100 m
Thematic accuracy ≥ 85% (not achieved) ≥ 85% (achieved) ≥ 85%
Change mapping ¯change area≥ 5 ha; isolated changes ≥ 25 ha
all changes≥ 5 ha mapped
Production time 10 years 4 years 1,5 years (planned)
Documentation incomplete metadata standard metadata standard metadata
Access to the data unclear dissemination policy
dissemination policy agreed from the start free access for all users
No. of countries 26 28 38
Evolution of CORINE Land Cover projects
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CORINE Land Cover 2006
38 countriesEEA member countries (32)Collaborating countries (6)
5.8 Mkm2
Budget ‐ > 40 Mевро(National and EC)
Deadline(national production)31 December 2008
European IMAGE2006 database
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SATELLITE SPOT 4 SPOT 5 IRS P6 TOTAL:
# of scenes 1 422 978 1 297 3 697
Color code Number ofscenes
Red = 1
Green = 2
Blue = 3
Yellow = 4
White > 5
CLC 2006 Bulgaria – LCLU map
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More than 51 000 polygons
CLC 2006 Bulgaria – LCLU map
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CLC Nomenclature color coding
CLC 2006 Bulgaria – LCLU2000‐2006 changes
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More than 2700 polygons of changes
LCLU2000‐2006 changes – Lovech region
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Forest changes – mostly clear cuts
Forest fires ‐ Bansko region
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2000 – Landsat 7 2006 – IRS P6 III (368 ha of forest fire area)
Ski tracks ‐ Bansko region
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2000 – Landsat 7 2006 – IRS P6 III
Top 5 CLC2000-2006 Changes
CLC CHANGES # of polygons Area(ha) Percent
311 (Broad-leaved forests) –324 (Transitional woodland-scrub) 1 263 21 856.9 37.4%324 (Transitional woodland-scrub) –311 (Broad-leaved forests) 613 11 770.2 20.1%312 (Coniferous forests) –324 (Transitional woodland-scrub) 230 7 243.7 12.4%313 (Mixed forests) –324 (Transitional woodland-scrub) 145 4 391.7 7.5%222 (Fruit trees and berry plantations) –211 (Arable land) 60 2 040.0 3.5%
TOTAL: 2 311 47 302.5 80.9%
CLC 2006 Bulgaria – LCLU2000‐2006 changes
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Top 5 CLC Changes 2000-2006
311-32447%
312-32415%
313-3249%
222-2114%
324-31125%
311-324 324-311 312-324 313-324 222-211
Total area changed > 0,5 % of country territory
Highest changes are in forests > 84% of all changes
Changes in arable lands > 8,5% of all changes
Changes in artificial areas > 7,4% of all changes
ResearchEuropean Aerosol Research Lidar Network –
Advanced Sustainable Observation System (ASOS)
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The LIDAR systems of the Institute of Electronics –BAS
Three lidars of the Institute of Electronics of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences are involved in the project EARLINET‐ASOS.
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Observations, Measurements, Database
• Observation of special phenomena, such as an unusually high concentration of aerosols in the troposphere. Their appearance may be due to transportation of dust from Sahara over the Mediterranean Sea to Europe, volcanic eruptions, formation of smoke layers as a result of forest or industrial fires, intense photochemical smog, etc. In some cases such aerosol layers are detected at significant altitudes – 4‐6 km above the ground surface.
• Measurements in the frame of cooperation with satellite missionswithin the objective of detailed comparison of ground‐based and space‐borne lidar data sets over Europe.
A large database was created of atmospheric aerosol backscattering coefficient profiles, regularly measured each Monday and Thursday by the three lidars in Sofia.
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Regular climatological measurement
Sofia EARLINET station ‐ 19 July 2007: measurement start time 10:14 UTC, measurement stop time 18:14 UTC. Measurement type ‐ aerosol backscatter at 510.6 nm (dust layer at about 3200 m
ASL).
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Lidar measurement on 19 July 2007 Map of Saharan dust load – DREAM forecast.
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