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A program presented by Marvin Allen at the Starke County Public Library in 2007.
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Early Areas of Settlement
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
Subscription Schools
•Willoughby McCormick taught a subscription school
in Knox during the winter of 1851
•Later he also served as County School Examiner, County Clerk,
County Recorder and County Treasurer
•Other school histories indicate school was taught in Oregon Twp, North
Bend Twp and Washington Twp about the same time.
•Other early subscription school teachers that we know of were:
•William Parker (North Bend Twp)
•Eli Brown (North Bend Twp)
•William Chapman (North Bend Twp)
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
Education Law of 1852
•Mandated free public education funded by property taxes and other misc
funds such as the sale of swamp land
•Provided for a State School Superintendent
•Provided for a County School Examiner
Starke County Ledger 1872
•Required Township Libraries
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
Building a One-Room School
•The Early Schools in Starke County were built using peeled logs
•Chairs & desks were made from split logs
•Some did not even have an outhouse
•Drinking water was carried from a nearby farmhouse or swamp
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
The First Schools
•Parker School, North Bend Township
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
The Parker School was made of peeled logs with a clapboard roof over logs – then secured by
laying logs over the clapboard.
The school had a hearth made of sticks and clay. Desks were boards attached to wood braces
that went around the perimeter of the room, and the seats were split logs.
The teacher earned 87 cents to $1.50 per day depending on worth and had to stay in the area,
living 3 months in a home, then with another family for 3 months, etc.
Children had to walk as far as 5 miles to school where there was no water or baths. Water was
taken in buckets from a nearby swamp.
The First Schools
•Spoor School, California Township
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
…the cracks between the logs were chinked with pieces of wood and dabbed with mud inside
and out. The building was something like 16 feet by 20 feet, with slabs of split timbers for the
floor.
A fireplace was at one end of the building. The chimney was made of mud and sticks, and
some of the light in the room came down the chimney.
A door and a hole in the wall for a window permitted a little light to enter.
The seats were sassafras poles split in two, the heart side up, with wooden pins for legs.
These were made to suit the larger scholars and were quite uncomfortable for the smaller
ones.
The writing desk was also a slab of split timber set up on pegs for legs on which the scholars
laid their slates.
The First Schools
•Spoor School, California Township
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
The ceiling was made of round poles extending from one side of the room to the
other. Mud was spread over the poles, which when dried, formed a ceiling that
held out the piercing winds of winter and the scorching heat of the summer sun.
The roof was made of clapboards held in place by logs laid on top, called “weight
logs”.
The drinking water was from a water pail and dipped from a swamp. There
were no toilets.
Building a One-Room School
•Later one-room schools were built to specific plans
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
Spoor School c. 1914
Building a One-Room School
•Later one-room schools were built to specific plans
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
School Life in the 1870’s Starke County Ledger December 1877
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
School Life in the 1870’s Starke County Ledger December 1877
County Superintendent Law of 1873
•Changed County Examiner to County Superintendent
•Examine Teachers
•Supervise School Institutes
•Supervise Course of Study
•Visit all Schools
•Spend at least one day working
on each school
•Paid $4 for each day of work
•Elected by Township Trustees
every two years
•Women were not eligible
for the position
Starke County Ledger 1873
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
County Superintendent Law of 1873
•Established Reading Circles
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
County Superintendent Law of 1873
•County School Board consisted of Township Trustees and County School
Superintendent
•Each Township Trustee was responsible for:
•Location and construction of schools
•Employment and pay of teachers
•Purchase of supplies and books
•Care of school property
•Preparing an annual report for superintendent each August
•Providing an enumeration report to the superintendent each April
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
County School Examiners & Superintendents
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
Alexander H. Henderson, M.D. 1st County School Superintendent
1873-1874
County School Examiners & Superintendents
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
Porter Andrew W 1861-1862
Howard MT 1863-1864
Jacobs Samuel 1865-1866
Short John E 1867-1868
McCormick Willoughby 1869-1870
Kline Uziah 1871-1872
Henderson Alexander H 1873-1874 *
Musselman Oliver 1875-1876
Netherton George A 1877-1882
Rodgers Henry C 1883-1884
Sinclair William B 1885-1894
Foust William A 1895-1898
Butcher George E 1899-1902
Dunn J Walter 1903-1906
Rodgers Elmer E 1907-1911
Cannon Carroll W 1912-1917
Barr J Allen 1918-1929
Stanley Albert F 1930-1936
Young Earl E 1937-1944
Peregrine Donald 1945-1964
One-Room Schools as of 1876
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
One-Room Schools as of 1876
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
Starke County Ledger 1877
8th Grade Graduations
•County Wide Program 1904 – 1950
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
1906
8th Grade Graduations
•March down Main Street to Fairy Theater
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
8th Grade Graduations
•March down Main Street to Fairy Theater
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
8th Grade Graduations
•March down Main Street to Fairy Theater
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
8th Grade Graduations
•Diploma
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
Commissioned High Schools
•Knox High School 1901 Commission
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
Commissioned High Schools
•Standard requirements for Indiana commissioned high schools were
adopted in 1888
•The 1st Commissioned High School in Starke County was Knox in 1901
•North Judson had the 1st high school graduates in 1892
•Knox had their 1st high school graduate in 1896
•Hamlet High School was built in 1900 and later fully commissioned
•San Pierre was built in 1902 and fully commissioned in 1917
•Grovertown was built in 1904 and later fully commissioned
•Center Township had their 1st graduates in 1914 and was fully
commissioned in 1917
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
Other High Schools
•Ora was built in 1897 and had 3 years of high school until 1913
•North Bend was built in 1912 and had 3 high school grades until 1931
•Ober was built in 1914 and had 2 years of high school until about 1918
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
Township School Consolidations
•Local counties were under a lot of pressure by the state to consolidate
their rural one-room schools into a larger centralized school, not to reduce
costs, but to improve the quality of education
•One teacher for each one or two grades
•A more standard course of study and grading
•Better resources such as libraries, laboratories, theatrical & sports
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
Township School Consolidations
•Center Township was the first township in Starke County to consolidate
its one-room schools in 1910
•This resulted in the closure of the following one-room schools
•Desardee / Jackson, 250 E & 100 S
•German / Cottonwood, 200 E & 250 S
•Atkins, 400 E (US 35) & 200 S
•Bigler, 525 E & 100 S (SR 8)
•Harden / Oak Grove, 500 E and 150 N
•Pleasantview / Klein / Tucker, 300 E & 250 N
•Only the Nickel Plate / Brems School remained open
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
Township School Consolidations
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
Township School Consolidations
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County
Township School Consolidations
The History of One-Room Schools in Starke County