1

2

EARLY PERFORMANCES OF PT. ASIAN AGRI

DXP TEST- CROSS PROGENY TRIALS

ON PEAT AND ALLUVIAL SOILS

3

OBJECTIVES - 1

PROVIDE INFORMATION FOR

PARENT SELECTION :

- GCA FOR ECONOMIC TRAITS

- GCA FOR SECONDARY TRAITS

4

OBJECTIVES - 2

IDENTIFICATION OF SITE-

SPECIFIC OUTSTANDING DXP

CROSSES

5

OBJECTIVES - 3

SOURCE FOR SELECTION OF

SITE-SPECIFIC ORTETS

6

SOURCE OF GENETIC

MATERIAL :

ASD de COSTA RICA

7

SOURCES OF DELI DURA

AT TOPAZ

• CHEMARA R. S., MALAYSIA

• COTO, COSTA RICA

• DAMI, PAPUA NEW GUINEA

• HARRISONS & CROSFIELD,

MALAYSIA

• MARDI, MALAYSIA

• SOCFIN, MALAYSIA

8

SOURCES OF PISIFERA

AT TOPAZ

• AVROS H&C

• AVROS DAMI

• EKONA CAMEROON

• GHANA

• NIGERIA

• LA ME

• YANGAMBI

9

RRS BREEDING SCHEME AT TOPAZ

A. COSTA RICA

DURA PARENT PISIFERA PARENT

SELECTION SELECTION

250 DURA MOTHER 50 PISIFERA

PALMS SELECTED SELECTED

DXD SELFING DXP - Cloning by tissue culture

SELFING Test-crossing - TXP sib-mating

10

RRS BREEDING SCHEME AT TOPAZ

B. OPSG-TOPAZ228 DXD Selfed 440 DXP test-cross progenies - 36 pisifera clones

Progenies from 223 dura x 50 pisifera - 36 TXP progenies

- GCA DURA

- GCA PISIFERA

CANDIDATE DURA - DXP best progenies CANDIDATE PISIFERA

MOTHER PALMS - Elite DXP palms (ortets) TENERA PALMS

SELECTION - These specific DXP crosses may be SELECTIONreproduced exploiting the specificcombining ability (SCA) of the parent involved.

- Tenera ortets may be cloned bysomatic tissue culture.

Superior DXP

Seed Production

New DXP

Test-Crossing

New DXP

test-cross progeny trials

ELITE MOTHER PALM ELITE TENERA

SELECTION FOR AND PISIFERA

DXD SELFING SELECTION

SIB-MATING TXP & TXT

& CROSSING SIB-MATING

& CROSSING

11

DXP TEST-CROSS PROGENY TRIAL

• Trial Location

• Trial Design

• Mating Design

• Schedule of Operation

• Selection Parameters / Observations

• Data Analysis

12

TRIAL LOCATIONS

1. Alluvial Soil, Kebun Topaz – 98 ha

(413 progenies : 219 dura x 50 pisifera)

2. Shallow Peat, Kebun Topaz – 105 ha

(439 progenies : 223 dura x 50 pisifera)

3. Deep Peat, Kebun Negeri Lama – 188 ha

(406 progenies : 215 dura x 50 pisifera)

13

TRIAL DESIGN

Randomized Incomplete Block Design

Basis:

Large numbers of progeny to be tested

(440 progenies)

Complete block design requires more land

( 400 ha)

Much within site variation

14

MATING DESIGN

ALPHA DESIGN

(connected cross design)

~ Similar to NCM II

15

SCHEDULE OF OPERATION

Location Year Yield Bunch GROWTH MEASUREMENTS

planted record analysis Leaf measurements Petiole Cross Section Frond count

comm. 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5

Alluvial 1996 06/99 11/00 07/98 07/99 07/01 08/03 07/98 07/99 06/00 07/01 06/02 07/03 05/99 03/00 04/01 04/02 03/03

S. Peat 1996 06/99 10/00 06/98 06/99 06/01 06/03 06/98 06/99 06/00 06/01 06/02 06/03 04/99 02/00 04/01 04/02 03/03

D. Peat 1996 06/99 01/03 04/98 05/99 06/01 06/03 04/98 05/99 05/00 06/01 05/02 06/03 05/99 03/00 03/01 04/02 03/03

Location Year GROWTH MEAS. OBSERVATIONS

planted Canopy Height Crown Disease Boron

radius 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Def.

Alluvial 1996 02/01 07/03 02/98 06/98 10/98 03/99 09/99 12/99 05/00 11/00

S. Peat 1996 09/00 02/01 06/03 01/98 05/98 10/98 02/99 09/99 12/99 05/00 11/00

D. Peat 1996 09/00 02/01 05/03 05/98 08/98 12/98 04/99 08/99 12/99 04/00 08/00 04/01 08/01 12/01 11/00

16

PARAMETERS FOR SELECTION

• BUNCH YIELD

• BUNCH NUMBER

• BUNCH WEIGHT

• OIL CONTENT

• TOTAL OIL PER

PALM (TOP)

• BUNCH INDEX

• HARVEST INDEX

• FROND PRODUCTION

• LEAF AREA

• LEAF AREA RATIO

• FROND LENGTH

• PALM HEIGHT

• ANNUAL HEIGHT INCREMENT

• CROWN DISEASE

• NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY PROPENSITY

17

DATA ANALYSIS

• DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

• ANOVA

• GENERAL COMBINING ABILITY (GCA)

• BEST PERFORMING DXP CROSS (SCA)

• ESTIMATING / PREDICTING THE

PERFORMANCES OF DXP CROSSES

USING GCA VALUES OF THE DURA AND

PISIFIRA PARENTS

18

COMPARATIVE YIELD PROFILE OF TEST-CROSS PROGENIES

IN PEAT AND ALLUVIAL SOILS

DURING THE INITIAL FOUR YEARS OF PRODUCTION

Key Year after planting 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Marihat in Class II Soils 7 15 19 22 25 27 27 27

Alluvial Soil, Topaz (98 ha) 16 26 30 31

Shallow Peat, Topaz (105 ha) 14 19 25 29

Deep Peat, Negeri Lama (188 ha) 15 18 19 22

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Year after planting

Bu

nc

h y

ield

(to

n/h

a)

19

ANOVA FOR DXP PROGENY TRIAL ON

ALLUVIAL - KEBUN TOPAZ

TOTAL OIL PER PALM

Source of variation df SS MS F F 5% F 1%

Replication 1 4585.43

Block / Replication 90 17164.34

Progeny 412 21836.53 53.00 2.15 ** 1.19 1.28

Dura (D) 218 9488.50 43.53 1.76 ** 1.23 1.33

Pisifera (P) 49 4474.71 91.32 3.70 ** 1.40 1.60

Interaction D x P 145 7873.32 54.30 2.20 ** 1.26 1.38

Error 314 7758.17 24.71

Corrected Total 817 51344.47

** highly significant ( = 0.01) x = 60.4

CV = 8.2 %

LSD0.05 = 9.8

20

ANOVA FOR DXP PROGENY TRIAL ON

SHALLOW PEAT - KEBUN TOPAZ

TOTAL OIL PER PALM

Source of variation df SS MS F F 5% F 1%

Replication 1 6301.32

Block / Replication 96 50734.14

Progeny 438 29043.22 66.31 1.80 ** 1.18 1.27

Dura (D) 222 12884.13 58.04 1.58 ** 1.22 1.32

Pisifera (P) 49 4889.28 99.78 2.71 ** 1.39 1.59

Interaction D x P 167 11269.81 67.48 1.84 ** 1.24 1.35

Error 345 12685.02 36.77

Corrected Total 880 98763.70

** highly significant ( = 0.01) x = 48.7

CV = 12.4 %

LSD0.05 = 11.9

21

ANOVA FOR DXP PROGENY TRIAL ON

DEEP PEAT – NEGERI LAMA

TOTAL OIL PER PALM

Source of variation df SS MS F F 5% F 1%

Replication 2 10584.99

Block / Replication 129 6978.36

Progeny 404 14454.90 35.78 1.57 ** 1.16 1.24

Dura (D) 214 7410.04 34.63 1.52 ** 1.20 1.29

Pisifera (P) 49 2343.22 47.82 2.10 ** 1.38 1.57

Interaction D x P 141 4701.64 33.34 1.46 ** 1.23 1.35

Error 571 13004.12 22.77

Corrected Total 1106 45022.37

** highly significant ( = 0.01) x = 39.5

CV = 12.1 %

LSD0.05 = 9.4

22

ANOVA: GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT

INTERACTION

TOTAL OIL PER PALM

Source of variation df SS MS F F 5% F 1%

Site 2 201608.34 100804.17 2315.45 ** 3.00 4.62

Rep/Site 4 20495.64 5123.91 117.70

Prog 393 42109.84 107.15 2.46 ** 1.14 1.20

Site x prog 785 53413.83 68.04 1.56 ** 1.11 1.16

Rep/Site x prog 1461 63605.30 43.54

Corrected total 2645 381232.95

** highly significant ( = 0.01)

23

LSM OF DURA FROM DXP PROGENY TRIALS

No Mean of LSM

from best 3 dura FFB O/B TO/P FFB O/B TO/P FFB O/B TO/P FFB O/B TO/P

1 Dami 226.5 28.9 72.0 196.9 28.1 60.5 144.8 28.1 46.4 183.0 28.7 57.7

2 Chemara 213.5 31.1 71.3 195.8 28.1 59.5 163.9 25.6 46.1 181.7 28.1 55.9

3 HC 203.9 29.8 65.8 183.0 27.6 55.2 144.9 27.0 42.9 178.0 27.6 53.8

4 MARDI 208.4 29.4 66.4 175.6 26.6 51.2 142.0 26.4 42.9 170.1 27.5 51.6

5 Coto 205.6 28.8 64.2 190.6 25.7 53.7 140.4 25.4 40.7 172.0 26.8 51.2

6 Socfin 189.2 29.0 60.0 164.6 28.1 50.5 133.8 25.0 39.1 160.0 27.5 49.6

Grand mean 195.3 28.4 60.6 168.8 26.2 48.8 138.0 25.6 39.0 167.2 26.7 49.5

Alluvial Shallow Peat Deep Peat Combined

24

LSM OF PISIFERA FROM

DXP PROGENY TRIALS

No Mean of LSM

from best 3 pisifera FFB O/B TO/P FFB O/B TO/P FFB O/B TO/P FFB O/B TO/P

1 Nigeria 210.6 29.1 66.6 192.8 26.9 56.5 147.3 26.4 42.4 181.3 27.5 54.5

2 Ghana 205.3 30.5 67.7 181.2 27.7 54.4 141.2 27.5 42.4 174.0 28.5 54.1

3 Ekona 202.8 28.2 62.7 176.5 26.5 51.0 147.1 25.9 42.3 173.3 27.3 51.9

4 Yangambi 186.1 29.2 59.8 162.7 28.2 51.7 127.5 28.3 40.6 156.8 28.5 50.7

5 AVROS 203.0 28.5 63.4 175.9 26.8 51.4 141.1 25.5 40.7 170.5 26.4 50.1

6 Dami 190.6 27.6 58.6 168.3 25.7 48.2 137.1 25.2 39.2 164.8 26.1 48.3

7 La Me 204.3 26.1 59.2 166.2 24.0 45.4 134.1 23.6 35.7 169.4 24.5 46.9

Grand mean 195.3 28.4 60.6 168.8 26.2 48.8 138.0 25.6 39.0 167.2 26.7 49.5

Alluvial Shallow Peat Deep Peat Combined

25

PREDICTED PERFORMANCES OF

DELI DURA X NIGERIA PISIFERA TOPAZ

Location Bunh yield Oil/bunch Total oil Height

ton/ha/year % ton/ha/thn increment (cm)

Alluvial 29.4 29.2 9.3 49

Shallow Peat 27.4 27.5 8.2 52

Deep Peat 21.0 27.0 6.1 41

26

PREDICTED PERFORMANCES OF

DELI DURA X GHANA PISIFERA TOPAZ

Location Bunch yield Oil/bunch Total oil Height

ton/ha/year % ton/ha/year increment (cm)

Alluvial 28.6 30.8 9.5 58

Shallow Peat 25.1 28.2 7.7 56

Deep Peat 20.0 27.6 6.0 45

27

PREDICTED PERFORMANCES OF

DELI DURA X EKONA PISIFERA TOPAZ

Location Bunch yield Oil/bunch Total oil Height

ton/ha/year % ton/ha/year increment (cm)

Alluvial 28.9 29.0 9.1 54

Shallow Peat 25.3 27.1 7.5 49

Deep Peat 20.7 26.4 6.1 42

28

PREDICTED PERFORMANCES OF

DELI DURA X YANGAMBI PISIFERA TOPAZ

Location Bunch yield Oil/bunch Total oil Height

ton/ha/year % ton/ha/year increment (cm)

Alluvial 25.2 30.4 8.6 56

Shallow Peat 24.9 29.2 8.2 60

Deep Peat 18.8 27.7 6.0 41

29

20 Best Progeny on Topaz Alluvial Based on Total

Oil Per Palm (TOP)

No Prog Dura Pisifera Yd-4y Bn Bw Ht %CD Na O/B K/B TO/P

1 709 T Da 206 G 34 217.7 26.6 8.2 67.3 3.2 27 33.9 4.6 78.9

2 697 T Da 107 G 33 241.4 27.6 8.8 61.4 0.0 26 30.0 5.1 78.6

3 706 T Da 150 G 34 237.7 24.8 9.6 72.6 0.0 22 30.6 4.8 78.2

4 687 T Da 163 G 32 238.1 26.4 9.0 49.1 0.0 27 30.4 5.0 78.1

5 457 T Ce 41 A 7 219.3 28.5 7.7 59.3 34.8 24 31.8 4.9 75.1

6 815 T HC 224 N 46 227.8 25.5 9.0 70.4 0.0 22 30.4 4.4 74.0

7 703 T Da 121 G 34 234.0 26.7 8.8 61.9 12.6 23 29.6 4.0 73.9

8 461 T Da 101 A 7 217.0 25.2 8.6 66.3 53.3 23 31.5 5.2 73.8

9 602 T Da 203 E 22 228.7 29.5 7.8 64.4 3.2 23 29.8 4.8 73.8

10 436 T Da 209 A 4 219.7 26.5 8.3 54.2 10.1 26 30.8 5.7 73.8

11 683 T Da 198 G 31 216.9 25.5 8.6 42.4 7.2 24 31.3 5.0 73.4

12 816 T Md 240 N 46 230.3 28.3 8.2 73.9 20.5 26 29.9 3.7 73.1

13 785 T HC 220 N 43 220.9 25.3 8.7 50.8 16.7 27 30.7 4.9 73.0

14 775 T Da 167 N 42 226.0 27.9 8.1 38.4 18.8 11 29.0 6.3 72.8

15 704 T Da 123 G 34 214.7 25.1 8.6 60.8 3.6 25 31.5 4.2 72.2

16 601 T Da 173 E 22 233.1 28.3 8.2 57.2 0.0 30 28.5 5.0 72.2

17 718 T Da 104 G 36 203.1 26.8 7.6 62.8 0.0 18 32.8 5.6 72.1

18 598 T Ce 32 E 22 232.3 28.9 8.1 55.6 0.0 28 28.3 5.2 71.6

19 749 T Md 238 G 39 202.8 27.3 7.5 59.2 0.0 28 32.9 4.6 71.3

20 464 T Da 193 A 7 227.0 28.0 8.1 69.0 0.0 24 27.9 6.9 71.2

Mean of 20 best progenies 224.4 26.9 8.4 59.9 9.2 484 30.6 5.0 74.0

Trial mean 195.6 24.9 7.9 54.8 9.7 10289 28.3 5.3 60.4

30

20 Best Progeny on Topaz Shallow Peat Based on

Total Oil Per Palm (TOP)

No Prog Dura Pisifera Yd-4y Bn Bw Ht %CD Na O/B K/B TO/P

1 815 T HC 224 N 46 241.3 26.1 9.3 80.6 10.3 34 27.9 4.1 72.5

2 813 T Da 213 N 46 226.8 26.7 8.5 80.3 16.7 33 28.1 5.3 69.7

3 731 T Da 198 G 37 221.4 27.6 8.1 57.9 0.0 41 29.1 4.7 69.5

4 473 T Da 209 A 8 219.2 25.3 8.7 65.7 3.4 37 29.2 4.3 68.5

5 767 T Da 169 N 41 225.4 23.6 9.6 57.6 21.9 31 28.0 4.2 67.7

6 784 T Da 199 N 43 205.7 24.5 8.4 51.0 3.4 38 29.9 5.5 67.1

7 711 T Ce 1 G 35 225.7 27.6 8.2 63.3 7.2 35 27.2 4.7 66.8

8 418 T Da 173 A 2 227.1 26.0 8.8 73.3 0.0 35 26.7 5.2 66.2

9 794 T Da 146 N 44 232.4 28.2 8.3 37.7 3.2 45 26.2 4.6 66.0

10 818 T Da 112 Y 47 186.6 24.1 7.8 69.0 19.2 30 31.7 6.6 65.2

11 732 T Da 200 G 37 202.2 24.9 8.2 78.0 0.0 32 30.0 4.3 64.8

12 787 T Ce 11 N 44 209.8 27.5 7.7 52.9 0.0 29 28.8 4.3 64.7

13 710 T HC 219 G 34 198.8 23.8 8.4 76.8 6.3 33 30.6 3.8 64.6

14 602 T Da 203 E 22 195.8 25.8 7.6 52.7 7.2 32 30.7 4.3 64.5

15 691 T HC 226 G 32 199.0 23.4 8.5 55.4 23.1 30 30.0 4.6 64.0

16 525 T Ce 7 A 14 206.4 26.4 7.8 84.4 0.0 35 28.4 4.6 63.5

17 497 T Ce 71 A 11 203.1 22.4 9.1 71.3 0.0 36 28.2 5.7 63.4

18 451 T Ce 58 A 6 213.0 26.0 8.2 74.3 0.0 39 27.0 5.5 63.1

19 817 T Ct 82 Y 47 181.9 22.5 8.1 68.4 0.0 35 31.4 6.2 62.3

20 831 T Da 143 Y 49 197.2 27.9 7.1 55.2 21.9 41 28.1 6.9 62.2

Mean of 20 best progenies 210.9 25.5 8.3 65.3 7.2 701 28.8 4.9 65.8

Trial mean 169.2 22.4 7.5 52.6 10.8 14222 26.2 5.2 48.7

31

20 Best Progeny on Negeri Lama Deep Peat Soil

Based on Total Oil Per Palm (TOP)

No Prog Dura Pisifera Yd-4y Bn Bw Ht %CD Na O/B K/B TO/P

1 673 T Da 104 E 30 158.5 26.3 6.0 44.1 53.8 6 28.2 4.7 50.5

2 636 T Da 132 E 26 159.4 27.1 5.9 45.6 1.6 7 27.4 4.8 50.5

3 684 T HC 216 G 31 167.1 24.2 6.9 37.1 0.0 6 26.3 5.2 50.1

4 599 T Ce 33 E 22 153.8 26.8 5.7 34.6 1.6 5 28.3 5.5 49.7

5 604 T Md 236 E 22 151.8 26.6 5.7 41.5 1.6 8 26.2 5.3 49.3

6 813 T Da 213 N 46 154.8 23.7 6.5 59.1 16.9 12 28.4 4.4 48.9

7 657 T HC 221 E 28 161.4 24.7 6.5 48.9 3.4 8 25.6 4.9 47.6

8 415 T Da 136 A 2 154.3 25.5 6.0 49.0 1.7 6 25.6 4.9 47.6

9 564 T Da 175 D 18 154.5 24.7 6.3 44.4 11.1 14 26.5 6.4 47.2

10 819 T Da 127 Y 47 145.6 23.0 6.3 60.2 0.0 15 28.8 5.7 46.9

11 572 T Ce 35 D 19 157.9 24.5 6.4 39.4 21.4 9 26.2 5.7 46.9

12 455 T Md 240 A 6 145.9 22.7 6.4 59.5 27.3 9 28.8 5.1 46.8

13 593 T Da 137 E 21 157.8 25.8 6.1 45.3 12.5 6 27.8 3.9 46.8

14 573 T Ce 37 D 19 167.1 26.4 6.4 37.4 18.6 7 24.9 6.1 46.7

15 708 T Da 182 G 34 149.4 23.4 6.4 44.5 6.3 8 29.1 4.3 46.7

16 462 T Da 173 A 7 148.0 23.1 6.4 55.7 8.3 12 26.9 5.3 46.6

17 788 T Ce 58 N 44 150.4 23.7 6.4 35.4 5.1 6 28.1 4.4 46.5

18 569 T Ce 2 D 19 136.0 22.7 6.0 42.8 28.6 17 29.3 6.7 46.4

19 683 T Da 198 G 31 148.8 24.0 6.2 38.5 3.7 5 27.2 5.2 46.4

20 718 T Da 104 G 36 141.9 26.0 5.5 46.9 0.0 9 29.2 4.6 46.3

Mean of 20 best progenies 153.2 24.7 6.2 45.5 11.2 175 27.4 5.2 47.7

Trial mean 139.0 22.8 6.1 44.5 8.7 3705 25.6 4.7 39.5

32

SPECIFIC DXP CROSSES TOPAZ

Location Bunch yield Oil/bunch Total oil Height

ton/ha/year % ton/ha/year increment (cm)

Alluvial 30.3 30.6 10.0 60

Shallow Peat 28.1 28.8 7.9 65

Deep Peat 22.6 27.4 6.3 45

33

THANK YOU

34

ESTIMASI PERSILANGAN

DURA DAN PISIFERA TERBAIK

Misalkan akan dibuat persilangan baru untuk

dura dan pisifera terbaik, sebutlah D1 dengan

P1, maka produksi TBS untuk hybrida

D1xP1 dapat diestimasi sebagai berikut :

E(Y11) = + D1 + P1

= 154,5 + 23,5 + 17,4

= 195,4