Upload
lucas-holt
View
213
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Early MesopotamiaEarly Mesopotamia
and the Patriarchsand the Patriarchs© John Stevenson, 2011
The FertileCrescent
ArabianArabianDesertDesert
ZagrosMountains
• River Valley• Isolation• Climate
MesopotamiaLegalistic in their religious outlook, looking more to the letter of the law.
EgyptMore of an ethical outlook on life with a focus on the spirit of the law.
Art and literature reflects a gloomy, pessimistic outlook on life.
Demonstrates a cheerful resignation to the problems of life.
Euphrates and Tigris flooded unexpectedly and often killed those who were caught. These rivers came to be feared.
The Nile flooded on a regular cycle and the Egyptians came to expect and depend upon its flooding. They eventually began to worship the Nile.
MesopotamiaSurrounded by hostile forces on all sides. People lived in constant fear of invasion.
EgyptEgypt has natural boundaries in the sea and the desert which usually kept out invaders.
Lived from day to day always in fear of invasion and death.
Looked forward to immortality and a life after death.
Selfish and practical. Giving and idealistic.
Pre-Literary PeriodPre-Literary Period
Proto-Literary PeriodProto-Literary Period
Clay tablet fromUruk, Sumer
Early People GroupsEarly People Groups
Akkadians
Sumerians
Guti
Elamites
Early Dynastic PeriodEarly Dynastic Period
Kish
Erech Ur
Lagesh
Babylon
King of Lagesh, around 2500 B.C.King of Lagesh, around 2500 B.C.
• Grandson of Ur-NansheGrandson of Ur-Nanshe
• Unified all of SumerUnified all of Sumer
• Invaded ElamInvaded Elam
Kish
“…“…all the lands all the lands between the upper and between the upper and
the lower seas”the lower seas”
Erech Ur
Lagesh
Babylon
• Died 2330 B.C.Died 2330 B.C.• Birth legendBirth legend
““My mother was a high My mother was a high priestess, my father I priestess, my father I
knew not. The brothers knew not. The brothers of my father loved the of my father loved the
hills. My city is hills. My city is Azupiranu, which is Azupiranu, which is
situated on the banks of situated on the banks of the Euphrates. My high the Euphrates. My high
priestess mother priestess mother conceived me, in secret conceived me, in secret
she bore me.” she bore me.”
““She set me in a She set me in a basket of rushes, with basket of rushes, with bitumen she sealed bitumen she sealed my lid. She cast me my lid. She cast me into the river which into the river which rose over me. The rose over me. The
river bore me up and river bore me up and carried me to Akki, carried me to Akki,
the drawer of water.” the drawer of water.”
““Akki, the drawer of Akki, the drawer of water, took me as his water, took me as his son and reared me. son and reared me. Akki, the drawer of Akki, the drawer of
water, appointed me as water, appointed me as his gardener. While I his gardener. While I
was a gardener, Ishtar was a gardener, Ishtar granted me her love, granted me her love, and for four and ... and for four and ... years I exercised years I exercised
kingship.”kingship.”
• Died 2330 B.C.Died 2330 B.C.• Birth legendBirth legend• Royal CupbearerRoyal Cupbearer• NameName
• PrincePrince• LegitimateLegitimate
• EmpireEmpire
Elam
SumerSumer
AkkadiansAkkadians
MitanniMitanni
Elam
SumerSumer
AkkadiansAkkadians
MitanniMitanni
Third Dynasty of UrThird Dynasty of Ur
2100 – 2000 B.C.2100 – 2000 B.C.
Ziggurat
The Law-code of Ur• Lex Talionis: “An eye for an eye”
• Semi-private administration of justice
• Inequality before the Law: The law code divided people into three distinct classes:
• Aristocrats
• Commoners
• Slaves
Sir LeonardWoolley
• 1880 - 1960
• Began at Ur in 1922
• Ziggurat of Ur
• Flood layers
Ur
THE PATRIARCHSTHE PATRIARCHS
Genesis 1-11
Global in nature
Genesis 12-50
Personal in nature
ExodusfromEgypt
Solomon’sTemple
480Years
1st Kings 6:1
(LXX)440
Years
Entranceinto
Egypt
ExodusfromEgypt
430Years
MASSORETIC TEXT
Entranceinto
Canaan
ExodusfromEgypt
430Years
SEPTUAGINT TEXT
JosephusJosephus
Septuagint reading
Masorite reading
Abraham Abraham (Genesis 15:13)(Genesis 15:13)
&&Stephen Stephen
(Acts 7:6) (Acts 7:6)
LeonardWoolley’sUr
Haran
Ur of the Chaldees
Ur
Haran
Ur ?
Terah
Haran
Nahor
Abram
Milcah Lot
Iscah
IshmaelIsaac
Ur
Haran
Genesis 12:5Genesis 12:5Abram took Sarai his wife and
Lot his nephew, and all their possessions which they had accumulated, and the persons which they had acquired in Haran, and they set out for the land of Canaan; thus they came to the land of Canaan.
Jerusalem●
Abram passed Abram passed through the through the
land as far as land as far as the site of the site of
Shechem, to Shechem, to the oak of the oak of
Moreh. Now Moreh. Now the Canaanite the Canaanite was was then in the then in the land (Genesis land (Genesis
12:6)12:6)
Shechem●
Genesis 12:7Genesis 12:7The LORD appeared to Abram
and said, “To your descendants I will give this land.” So he built an altar there to the LORD who had appeared to him.
Jerusalem●
Then he Then he proceeded proceeded
from there to from there to the mountain the mountain on the east of on the east of Bethel, and Bethel, and pitched his pitched his tent, with tent, with
Bethel on the Bethel on the west and Ai west and Ai
on the east… on the east… (12:8)(12:8)
Shechem●
Bethel●
Jerusalem●
,,,and there he built an altar to the LORD and called upon the name of the LORD. (12:8)(12:8)
Shechem●
Bethel●
Abram journeyed on, continuing toward the Negev (12:9)(12:9)
Shechem●
Bethel●
Genesis 12:10Genesis 12:100 Now there was a famine in the
land; so Abram went down to Egypt to sojourn there, for the famine was severe in the land.
Shinar
Ellasar(Larsa)
Elam
Goyim?
• Vale of Siddim “which is the Salt Sea”
• Phoenician Inscription
• Geology
Genesis 15 &The Covenant Ceremony
“To Cut a Covenant”
Genesis 15:17Genesis 15:17It came about when the sun had
set, that it was very dark, and behold, there appeared a smoking oven and a flaming torch which passed between these pieces.
…a smoking oven and a flaming torch
Genesis 15:18-21Genesis 15:18-21On that day the LORD made a
covenant with Abram, saying, “To your descendants I have given this land, from the river of Egypt as far as the great river, the river Euphrates: 19 the Kenite and the Kenizzite and the Kadmonite 20 and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Rephaim 21 and the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Girgashite and the Jebusite.”
ASSYRIA
EGYPT
…from the river of Egypt as far as the great river,
the river Euphrates
AbramAbram ~r'b.a;
AbrahamAbraham ~h'r'b.a;;
“Father of high places”
Rhymes with “Father of a multitude”
For I will make you the For I will make you the father of afather of a multitudemultitude of nations (Genesis 17:5) of nations (Genesis 17:5)
!!Amïh]-Amïh]-
ba;ba;
Doors in AntiquityMiddle Bronze(2200-1600 BC)
Early Iron II(800-600 BC)
Strong, sturdywooden doors
Doorways ofarchways &curtains
No strong,centralizedgovernment
Kings of Israel& Judah providecentralizedgovernment
Abraham’s Purchase of a Tomb
400 Shekels of Silver
The Sea Peoples1200 B.C.
EGYPT
PHILISTINES
Isaac
Esau Jacob
AbramNahor
Terah
Rachel Leah
Rebecca Laban
Bethuel
Haran
Lot
The Jabbok River
NuziHousehold gods
The Joseph Narrative
JudahWent to a foreigner of his own will.
JosephTaken to Egypt against his will.
Sexual immorality: went in to his daughter-in-law (38:12-18).
Sexual morality: resisted seduction (39:6-12).
Left his seal & his cord. Left his garment.
Accuser (38:24). Falsely accused (39).
Judgment of God against sons (38:6-10).
Blessing of God (39:20-23).
True accusation of woman (28:25).
False accusation of woman (39:13-20).
Egyptian HistoryPeriod Dynasty
OldKingdom
MiddleKingdom
Late Kingdom
Joseph
Moses &Exodus
1st Intermediate Period
2nd Intermediate Period
Pyramidsconstructed
3 - 6
12
18 - 20
Hyksos
Events
Abraham
A Pattern of Israel’s A Pattern of Israel’s PurposePurpose
• Altars & WorshipAltars & Worship
• A Sense of PurposeA Sense of Purpose
• UnityUnity
• Racial & Religious PurityRacial & Religious Purity