Early Hepatitis B Vaccines and the Man-Made Origin of HIV-AIDS

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Early Hepatitis B Vaccines and the Man-Made Origin of HIV/AIDS

by Leonard G. Horowitz, D.M.D., M.A., M.P.H.

This article regards a matter of global urgency transcending better known AIDS threats. Itdescribes a universal challenge posed by ever increasing numbers of plagues predicted todepopulate at least half of the worlds current human inhabitants within two generations.This documented science virtually proves, through the process of elimination and a reviewof the most updated evidence, the origin of HIV/AIDS as an iatrogenic (i.e., man-made)outcome of specific vaccination experiments.

Considered reflection on this AIDS science, along with the sociopolitical correlates andantecedents of this current catastrophe, reveals the likelihood that myriad other immunedysfunctions, autoimmune diseases, and cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas,sarcomas, and other ailments linked to viral infections, have resulted from previously

engineered microbes that have by accident or intent found their way from cancer viruslaboratories into humanitys bloodstream by way of the most trusted public healthpreventativevaccinations.If what you are about to read is true, and each point is precisely stated and meticulouslydocumented, beyond extensive depopulation, humanitys very survival may hinge on thisrecognition, its implications, and our considered response. Especially relevant, whenreflecting on the following facts, is the wisdom addressed by the late World HealthOrganization (WHO) AIDS czar, Dr. Jonathan Mann, whose life ended tragically on Flight111 enroute to a European AIDS conference. More than a medical scientific problem, Dr.Mann said, AIDS is a sociopolitical imposition.

BackgroundAIDS is undoubtedly man-made. We can now assert this very apparent iatrogenicorigin, versus the theoretic iatrogenic origin of HIV/AIDS because of the rapidlyincreasing, now substantial, scientific support for this conclusion. Currently, internationalscientific consensus among leading investigators in this field, many of whose works andwords are excerpted below, holds that HIV/AIDS originated from one or more extraordinaryman-made, not natural, events dating back to the early to mid-1970s. Especially implicatedin initiating the AIDS pandemic, according to many scientists and scholars, was thehepatitis B vaccine as detailed in the following pages.This may come as a surprise, or even quite a shock, to most people since the mainstreammedia and most respected medical journals have yet to herald the following knowledge. As

a result most authorities still issue false and misleading claims such as: 1) the HBvaccine theory of HIV/AIDS origination has been discussed, debated, and dismissed by anoverwhelming majority of the HIV/AIDS research community; 2) People who claim thatAIDS was man-made provide false information and hearsay; 3) It is sad that publicattention and resources are diverted to attend to such unscientific dribble; 4) Man-madeorigin of AIDS vaccine proponents do severe damage to the public health community andvaccination efforts; and 5) Those that advance man-made theories of AIDS have financial


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motives, as though there were no financial interests on the other side of the debate.

As a pro bono consultant contacted recently by Amnesty International (AI) members whodesired to advance a resolution for the global organization to investigate this HB vaccinethesis, I was appalled by the amount of resistance and politicking performed by membersof AIs so-called HIV/AIDS Task Force which sought $1 billion of relief for human rightsviolations associated with HIV/AIDS from the U.S. Government. These funds, the TaskForce reported, were urgently needed to buy drugcocktails for persons with HIV/AIDS.Each of the five claims cited above were issued by members of this Task Force completelyignorant of the following science.

With regard to the first offensive claim, as the sole author of Polio, hepatitis B and AIDS:an integrative theory on a possible vaccine induced pandemic published by HarcourtPublishers, Ltd. of London in the esteemed international journal of Medical Hypothesis,2this well-focused thesis has never been discussed, debated, nor dismissed by anyconsensus in any official capacity. Although Black Americans have been polled regardingthe origin of HIV/AIDS being man-made,3 there has never been a published polling of thescientific community in this regard, and certainly not one regarding the HB hypothesis

advanced below.HIV/AIDS Origin Misconceptions Versus ScienceOpponents of iatrogenic (or man-made) theories of AIDS have routinely confusedhearsay and sporadic media propaganda with hard science, such as that discussed,debated and not dismissed recently at the Royal Society of Londons inquiry into theorigin of this pandemic. They exclusively focused on the theory that contaminated poliovaccines triggered the HIV/AIDS pandemic.4 These proceedings were published in 2001.Quotes relevant to reasoned consideration of this unique/yet-to-be-tested hepatitis Bvaccine theory of HIV/AIDS follow. These statements were made by featured presenters,all recognized leaders in this multidisciplinary field discussing the polio vaccine theory of

AIDS origination. The first of these quotes is especially relevant toproposed investigations:

There should be an investigation by an international committee mostly composed of non-medical people concerning how a rather obvious and plausible theory [of AIDSs origin fromcontaminated vaccines] came to be scorned and restricted from publication for so long,especially when important consequences regarding mankinds worst epidemic, and evenmore important consequences for other possibly even worse that may be following, hang inthe balance. As a corollary it should be studied why the hypothesis had to be promotedmainly by outsiders to science and medicine. The ressures towards investigation (and non-investigation) that emanate from huge drug companies and their influence in slantingresearch in subtle ways should also be examined, as should the role of journals and peerreview in potentially obstructing publications of controversial kinds. W.D. Hamilton,5quoted by Julian Cribb in The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: can scienceafford to ignore it? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B (2001) 356:935-938.

Faced with the terrible burden of AIDS, stories that HIV was introduced into Africa fromthe West by an accident such as OPV [oral polio vaccine] or intentionally by the USACentral Intelligence Agency (CIA) have gained widespread credence. . . . Nevertheless,because natural transmission repeatedly occurs, albeit on rare occasions, does not meanthat contamination of a vaccine could not have been the route on another occasion. As with


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other infections, e.g., hepatitis B virus,natural and iatrogenic transmissions of retrovirusesare not mutually exclusive. Weiss, RA6Despite studies that have advanced evidence suggesting an earlier than 1970 origin ofHIV/AIDS,7-9 [t]he fact that there were ten or so synchronous but distinguishable Africanepidemics is a definitive feature of AIDS for which the natural transfer theory [e.g., the

cut hunter transfer] gives no convincing account. . . . To summarize these findingsregarding the relatively large number of distinct group M subtypes: no set of likely naturalconditions . . . will adequately simulate so many as ten distinguishable subtypes in acomplex star-like configuration . . . . [T]he onus is upon the supporters of the natural [notiatrogenic] theory to account for the unexpectedly large number of HIV-1 subtypes.Exponential growth of the epidemic(s) is not by itself a satisfactory explanation (Hahn etal. 2000). . . . The likeliest source of the multiple subtypes and the synchronization of theirconspicuous diversification is a punctuated origin [i.e., an iatrogenic event]. . . . [I]t is notfar-fetched to imagine the ten or so clades deriving from a single animal (perhapsimmunosuppressed and possessing a swarm of variants) [as might have been the casewith chimpanzees used in the process of vaccine manufacture] or from a few animals thatmight have belonged to a single troop or might have been gang-caged together. The

number of animals required is secondary to the extent of variation in the source at the timeof the zoonotic [i.e., transfer of the virus between species] or iatrogenic event. The[vaccine] hypothesis makes a case for such a punctuated origin . . . Myers G, et al. 10

We conclude that SIV cannot become a zoonosis, but requires adaptive mutations tobecome HIV. Some modern event must have aided in the transition of SIV to HIV. Ourresearch indicates that serial passage of partially adapted SIV between humans couldproduce the series of cumulative mutations sufficient for the emergence of epidemic HIVstrains . . . We conclude that increased unsterile injecting in Africa during the period 1950-1970 provided the agent for SIV human infections to emerge as epidemic HIV in themodern era. Drucker E, et al.11

I might interject at this point that this conclusion by Drucker et al, although seriouslyundermining natural evolution theorists, reflects a myopic arrogance unbecoming to theirotherwise reasonable hypothesis. Their conclusion neglects the risks inherent in thehepatitis B vaccine manufacturing and testing process as detailed below consistent with theanalyses of Myers et al.10 Obviously, all of the above authoritative statements contradict

common knowledge. The consensus of scientists at this historic British AIDS originconference favored additional investigations into possible iatrogenic sources of the HIVs.The 1959 HIV Sequence DiscoveryIn the interest of facilitating progress on this issue, much publicity has been given to thenotion that HIV was discovered in a 1959 blood sample from Leopoldville, Zaire;9 and thatscientific consensus holds 1931 as the approximate date of HIV origination.7 Thesesuperstitions have led to common, yet false, declarations that HIV/AIDS originated wellbefore the polio vaccination era and the Special Virus Cancer Program (SVCP) that muchevidence below links to the punctuated origin of AIDS.

For the record, according to the authors of the 1959 discovery, they never found, noralleged to have found, HIV, or anything like a full virus. According to these authors, even

attempts to amplify HIV-1 fragments of >300 base pairs (bp) were unsuccessful, . . .However, after numerous attempts, four shorter sequences were obtained that only


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represented small portions of two of the six genes of the complete AIDS virus.9

This is why Gao et al, referred to the 1959 sequences as the oldest trace of the AIDSpandemic . . . although the precise timing and circumstance of early events in theSIVcpz/HIV-1 zoonosis remain obscure.22 [Editors note for the lay reader, SIVcpz isshort for simian immunodeficiency virus from the chimpanzee. This is know to be theclosest viral relative to the human AIDS virus, HIV-1.]Unfortunately, regarding the 1959 sequences, Zhu et al., left much room formisinterpretation if not wild speculation by stating that given the starburst phylogeny,HIV-1 was probably introduced into humans shortly before that time frame, about a decadeor two earlier than previously estimated. . . . 10 (Emphasis added.) They speculated thezoonosis might have occurred considerably earlier than the late 1940s. Obviously, thisaccount is irrelevant to the extraordinary synchrony in the 1970s of ten or moredistinguishable epidemics discovered by Myers et al. 10 Therefore, this later group ofresearchers concluded that, with the exception of the 1959 sequences suggesting viralancestry, Clinical, serological and molecular retrospective studies have all failed toproduce any evidence of AIDS or HIV prior to the 1970s. 10 (Emphasis added.) As Myers

et al., had initially advanced, the early to mid-1970s Big Bang origin of HIV/AIDS isfurther supported by most recent scientific evidence.10As if repeating false assumptions would alter historic and scientific facts, manycontemporary investigators, like those representing AIs HIV/AIDS Task Force, continue toimply the SIV to HIV zoonosis occurred on or before 1959. Many natural evolution theoryevangelists continue to cite the now disproven cut hunter theory to explain the origin ofthe pandemic.8,22 Reflecting on Zhu et als position, however, they simply concluded thatthe major-group viruses that dominate the global AIDS pandemic at present shared acommon ancestor in the 1940s or the early 1950s. However, given confounding factors,including the likelihood of viral gene recombination during the manufacture and testing ofthe HB vaccine, like Korber et al.s speculation discussed in the next section, the 1959

isolate may hold little, if any, relevance in determining the origin of HIV/AIDS. 10

Suffice it to say, no one has ever found a virus predating the SVCP and the late 1970s.11At best they found fragments of what may have been the complete virus, but more likelypieces of a progenitor virus they called a common ancestor that dated back to the 1940sor the early 1950s. These and other portions of this common ancestor may have existedfor centuries if not millennia. Again, this evidence is rrelevant when considering the 1970s

punctuated [iatrogenic] event recently determined to be undisputable scientific fact.More importantly, as Zhu and Ho et al., concluded, the role of large-scale vaccinationcampaigns, perhaps with multiple uses of non-sterilized needles, should be carefullyexamined, . . . as contributing to the sudden emergence of HIV/AIDS in North Americaand Africa simultaneously during the late 1970s.9,11The 1931 AIDS Origin Assumption and Viral RecombinationRegarding the 1931 estimated date of HIVs origin advanced by Korber et al.7 (i.e.,

somewhere between 1910 and 1950), a critical examination of these authors methodsreveals problems. Largely speculative due to their use of a confounding-factor-liablecomputer model, Korber and colleagues noted their limitations. They stated their finding(s)regarding the 1931 genetic projection, that precludes various vaccine-induced pandemic


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theories, might be wrong if viral recombination(s) had occurred. They most certainly did inthe evolutionary process of SIV to HIV according to most cientists.10,13 Yet, despite thesefacts, iatrogenic theory opponents who have secured a gross burden of proof advantage inthe AIDS origin debate,20 repeatedly reference this groups work, along with the frequentlymisrepresented work of Zhu, et al.9 concerning the 1959 sequence discovery.22

Again, the punctuated origin of HIV/AIDS determined by Myers et al., can only explainthe nearly simultaneous emergence of ten separate, though related, AIDS epidemics inAfrica during the early 1970s, that were well established by 1976.10Lending further credence to the theory that early hepatitis B vaccine trials provided the

punctuated event, Korber et al wrote of anticipated errors in their 1931 determinationusing linear or recombinant evolutionary models due to unnatural or iatrogenic eventsinciting viral recombination. They wrote , If there was a concentration of suchrecombinants during just one period of sampling, the effect on the timing estimate wouldbe unpredictable. 7

Thus, if the punctuated origin event advanced by Myers et al,10 had been the passage of

HB virus from polio vaccinated humans to chimpanzees then back to humans, with theadditional risk of recombination from pooling hundreds of infected serum samples prior toadditional viral recombinant transfers via the HB vaccines given to human subjects in NewYork City and sub-Saharan Africa, then this might best explain the origin of HIV/AIDS andrender Korber et als 1931 projection inconsequential. As detailed in the next section, thisis precisely the thesis advanced by Horowitz.2,13

In summary, the determinations reached by Korber et al.,7 and Ho et al.,9 of possibledates for the origin of HIV-1, 1931 and 1959 respectively, have been adequately clarifiedelsewhere.10 The authors themselves acknowledge, the super-computer-based studycannot tell whether this hypothetical 1930 virus was in humans or animals and so do notshow when zoonosis occurred. 7,10Myers et al. further qualified: If PIV [primate immunodeficiency virus] was in humans inthe first half of the 20th century, it may be estimated, given the assumptions of the look-back analysis, that the ancestral HIV-1 group M virus arose at 1930 plus or minus 20years. Conversely, if PIV was not in humans in the first half of the 20th century, then theKorber et al analysis holds little, if any, value in-so-far-as determining a date or origin ofthe HIVs and AIDS. 7,10The Earliest Hepatitis B Vaccines and The Origin of AIDSIf early polio vaccines had not triggered the origin of HIV/AIDS as scientific consensus nowholds,6 then some other, chimpanzee-related, iatrogenic event must be available to

explain the staggering array of deadly recombinants that were proven by Myers et al tohave arisen virtually simultaneously during the early to mid-1970s.10,21 In this regard,even more neglected, and perhaps more relevant than the OPV theory of AIDS, is thehepatitis B (HB) vaccine hypothesis.2,13,23According to scientific records,2 African chimpanzees were used in the manufacture of theHB vaccines during the early 1970s. Additional documents prove that human HB virusescultured in vivo in chimpanzees were returned to humans whose infected blood serum wasthen pooled to develop four different strains of experimental HB vaccine pilot tested


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between 1970 and 1975 in New York City and central Africa. This HB vaccine theory of HIVzoonosis proposes that endogenous, or more likely exogenous, progenitor viruses wereactivated24 when serially transmitted from humans to chimpanzees, then back to humans.Subsequently, pooled blood serum containing HB surface antigen and/or live virions, amilieu ripe for viral recombination, was used to develop the four suspected vaccinesadministered to New Yorks gay population and simultaneously to sub-Saharan Africans.Besides the phylogenetic evidence cited above, epidemiological evidence also supports thisHB vaccine theory of HIV/AIDS origination.

Figure 1 is derived from Higginson and Muirs report on cancer studies conducted by theInternational Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC) in collaboration with the NationalCancer Institute (NCI).25 Figure 2 derives from this data superimposed on a map of HIV-1seroprevalence in Africa reported by the U.S. Department of Commerce in a publicationdiscussing desirable depopulation associated with HIV/AIDS.26 Additional evidence herewas supplied in the chronology of the early hepatitis B vaccine trials compiled by Goodfield.27 The two maps, juxaposed, show a striking correlation between hepatitis B vaccine andliver cancer experiments conducted in Africa during the early 1970s, and the countries incentral and southern Africa with the high est HIV-1 seroprevalence rates by 1994. The

black squares indicate areas participating in the HB cancer virus research and vaccinetrials.

It should also be noted that Mozambique has one of the highest rates of HIV-2, which wasallegedly discovered by Essex et al.,28 in Senegalese female prostitutes years after theAfrican hepatitis B vaccination pilot studies began. Due to their state-authorizedemployment and high risk for infection, Senegalese female prostitutes were required toreceive hepatitis B vaccinations for relicensure. That Essex et al. found SIVagm, adocumented vaccine contaminant, in the blood of these human subject, is additionallycompelling evidence in support of the HB vaccine AIDS origination theory.29In brief, a well documented, theoretically viable, and generally neglected evolutionary

route of SIVagm to HIV-1 zoonosis sequentially involves: 1) Polio vaccine recipientsworldwide, including gay men in New York, and Blacks in Central Africa, were exposed tosimian viruses including SV40, SFR (Simian Foamy Retroviruses containing reversetranscriptase), SIVagm, and perhaps others from the mid-1950s, through at least the1960s;2,4 2) Between 1965 and 1970, researchers in NYC isolated and then inoculatedthe MS-2 strain of HB virus into the above cited New York and African HB vaccine study

volunteers.2,303) Human derived HB viruses, and potentially activated retroviralsequences, were then transferred to chimpanzees, then back again to humans in NYC andcentral Africa during the development and testing of four genetically altered subtypes ofthe pre-1975 experimental HB vaccine.32,33 HIV-1 progenitor contamination,recombination, and/or transmission risks were likely increased during this process by: a)human incubation for more than a decade of polio vaccine contaminants and recombinantsincluding SV40, SFR, and possibly SIVagm; b) the pooling of infected blood serum donated

by hundreds of gay American and Black African polio vaccine recipients who hadsubsequently received injections with chimpanzee cultured strains of HB virus; c) thebiohazardous laboratory conditions and viral containment problems reported by the HBvaccine investigators and their affiliates; and finally 5) The four pooled serum-derived HBvaccines that were administered to thousands of test subjects by 1975, primarily gaymales in NYC and central African Blacks. This series of events provides the best explanationfor an early to mid-1970s punctuated origin event most precisely fitting the etiological


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determinations of the HIV-1/AIDS pandemic.10

Again, it should be noted that the African volunteers inhabited a geographic areaconsistent with the highest rates of HIV-1 seroprevalence. Among the nations where ratesare highest, HB studies were conducted in: Senegal, Cote dIvoire, Uganda, Kenya,Swaziland, and the northeastern part of South Africa. According to circumstantial evidence,eastern Zaire bordering the West Nile region of northwest Uganda also hosted suchtrials.2,25-27Historic Precedence for the HB Vaccine HypothesisThere is historic precedence for this precise HB thesis. According to Beale, the risk of HBviruses contaminating human blood serum and subsequent vaccinations was determined asearly as 1942. Then, more than 62 deaths and 28,500 cases resulted from serum HBcontaminated yellow fever vaccines.31

According to Hilleman, early yellow fever vaccines also delivered leukemic retroviruses tohuman populations due to caged animal and laboratory contaminations and concomitantvaccine transmissions.13

Dr. Hilleman additionally reinforced this punctuated origin thesis by describing the riskshe encountered by importing contaminated African sub-human primates for vaccineresearch and development at the Merck pharmaceutical company. Between the late 1950sthrough the 1970s, Dr. Hilleman told Harvard medical historian Edward Shorter in 1987, Ibrought African greens in. I didnt know we were importing AIDS virus at the time.13Given these statements of fact, it is reasonable to suggest, as stated above, the earliest HBvaccine pilot studies may have activated an endogenous or exogenous HIV-relatedretroviral gene in one or more of the primates,24 fulfilling the starburst phylogenyantecedents advanced by Myers et al.10

During the Royal Societys symposium on the origin of AIDS, Hoopers 1950s OPV/AIDShypothesis was largely rebuked because he failed to establish the use of chimpanzees bythe Wistar Institute in the production of the suspected OPV.18 Moreover, this vaccine wasnot given selectively to New Yorks gay male population. Curiously, Mercks early 1970shepatitis B vaccine trials that did involve gay men in NYC, and Blacks in central Africa,partially prepared in Litton Bionetics (LB) exported/Merck imported African chimpanzees,ironically went without mention.Burden of Proof and the Origin of AIDS

The most vocal opponent of the OPV and HB vaccine theories of HIV/AIDS origination is Dr.

John Moore, affiliated with Rockefeller Universitys Aaron Diamond Research Center in NewYork.As reported in Medical Hypothesis, following a presentation advancing the HB vaccinetheory of HIV/AIDS at the XI International Conference on AIDS, in 1996, Dr. Mooreflippantly rebuked this thesis in the Canadian press. A few years later, he did the sameregarding the Edward Hoopers book, The River, which he alleged was historicallyinaccurate, potentially damaging to the publics trust in western medicine, and harmful to


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his colleagues efforts to make AIDS vaccines for use in Africa.2When this author personally contacted Dr . Moore in an effort to begin scientific discoursefollowing his Canadian press interview, Moore refused any formal discussion. Respondinglater to prodding, he wrote me from the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center saying, Iexplicity denied you an interview when you requested one. . . . I said to you that I had nointerest in your . . . grotesque theories . . . For the record, I know what your views are,and I reject them. Indeed, I dismiss them as uninteresting, incorrect and downrightstupid. In the Vancouver Sun, Moore was further quoted as saying, HIV is transmittedfrom monkeys to humans. I dont think theres any doubt about that. Its hard scientificreality. In fact, according to scientific consensus, the defining zoonosis for the origin ofHIV occurred between chimpanzees and humans, not monkeys.2It should be noted that Dr. Moores institutional benefactors include the Rockefeller familywhich, along with the Rockefeller Foundation and its institutional affiliatethe Sloan-Kettering Memorial Cancer Center in New Yorkhas heavily invested in

viral cancer research, vaccine developments, propaganda programs, population control

efforts, and the Merck pharmaceutical company in particular. Thus, Moores bias is stronglysuggested.2,13,14Worse yet, history shows that soon after Dr. Gallos alleged discovery of the AIDS virus in1984, Dr. Moore co-directed the only official effort to examine Mercks HB vaccine for fearof possible AIDS transmission.23 His principle co-investigator was Dr. B.J. Poiesz at theState University of New York. Dr. Poiesz, their paper noted, had worked closely with Dr.Gallo in isolating the type-C cancer virus associated with lymphomas during the mid tolate-1970s. Their group of researchers included anonymous CDC authors who, forunspecified reasons, omitted the centrally important New York City and African HB vaccinerecipients from their analysis. Adding insult to this injury, the teams conclusions wereentirely inconsistent with earlier epidemiological determinations and serological

measures.13Reinforcing the observance of such political bias and tainted science in this field of inquiryis the conclusion reached by several featured speakers at the Royal Societys meeting inLondon. They addressed the burden of proof required of iatrogenic versus natural AIDSorigin theorists. 10, 19, 20 These experts protested the unfair unscientific advantage thathas been historically given to outspoken natural evolution theorists, such as Dr. Moore,who have been curiously exempt from having to substantiate their obviously flawed claimsand hypotheses. Ironically, despite this, their unproven misguided theories remain widelyaccepted as supposed fact.10, 19,20

The only remedy such deception is updated knowledge regarding the advanced genetic

analyses that have seriously undermined arguments for isolated viral leaps that cannotadequately explain the source of AIDS and the sunburst phylogeny of HIVs earliestAfrican strains.10 In the wake of the Royal Societys symposium, theories that now appeartenuous, if not ludicrous, include isolated parenteral (i.e., skin piercing) injuries (e.g., the

cut hunter theory), nutritional exposures, population movements, and climatic variationsthat are alleged to have led to isolated zoonotic events followed years later, evolutionarily,by the spreading plague. Alternatively, many participants at the conference concluded thatthe transfer of SIV to human beings was probably connected with unprecedented medical


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activity in Africa in the 20th century.21

Bionetics Evidence to be ReconciledWhat continues inadequately reported in the scientific literature, perhaps because

researchers remain unaware, or because most investigators would certainly feel threatenedby such disconcerting revelations, was that the precise scenario advanced by Myers etal.,10 to best account for the sunburst phylogeny and punctuated origin event wasrepeatedly engineered and studied during the Litton Bionetics (LB) administered SVCP, atprecisely the time (1969-1974) required to produce the Big Bang, as Myers originallycalled it. At this same time, LBs study of HB viral co-infections with viruses currently linkedto HIV-related immune suppression and AIDS symptomatology was ongoing, as you willread below. This information comes directly from their contract titled, Investigations ofViral Carcinogenesis in Primates (NIH Grant Number 71-2025 beginning February 12,1962). This team, officiated by NCI Project Officer Dr. Robert Gallo, the subsequentdiscoverer of HTLV-1,2 (leukemia viruses) and HIV-1 (the AIDS virus) almost 15 yearslater, stated:

During the past year [1970] macaques were inoculated at birth or in utero with theMason-Pfizer monkey mammary virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Herpesvirus saimiri, andMareks disease virus. EB virus was given with immunostimulation and immunosuppression(ALS, prednisone, imuran). Australian antigen [HB virus] was given to newborn Africangreen monkeys.Might this quoted knowledge have impacted Dr. Gallos earliest declaration that the originof HIV-1 came from African greens (i.e., SIVagm), and/or Dr. Hillemans confession thathe brought the AIDS virus into North America in African greens?

Furthermore, it is well known that HIV-2 sources from macaque monkeys from this sametime period.8 Might this specific multiply-infected simian colony be the source of the

original SIV to HIV zoonosis? There is much evidence to suggest this, and it is certainlyworthy of an official inquiry.It is also curious that EBV was of major interest to the LB team of researchers.It is also well known that EBV is a potent co-carcinogen with HIV-1 and deadly co-factor inthe development of AIDS.This 1971 report by Landon, Ting and Gallo et al., referenced the use of colony-bornprimates observed for seroconversion to EB positive immune suppressive statuspredisposing the animals for retroviral infections and cancers. To summarize this work,conducted almost a decade before Dr. Gallo discovered the first leukemia retrovirus

(HTLV-I), and later HIV-1, his Bionetics coworkers disclosed that their:[B]reeding and holding colonies were surveyed for antibody to EBV. All breeders werepositive and their offspring contain maternal antibody for several months. . . . [Moreover,]An RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, [the primary AIDS-linked enzyme] similar to thatassociated with RNA tumor viruses, was detected in human leukemic cells but not innormal cells stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. The enzyme was isolated, purified andconcentrated 200-fold, making possible its further characterization and study in relation to


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the leukemic process in man.33This document, and statement alone, considering its date, should be adequate impetus foran independent investigation into the SVCP with regard to the origin of AIDS.Reflecting on the specific scenario advanced by Myers and co-workers regarding thephylogenetic, recombinant, and immunosuppressive correlates and antecedents of the

starburst that reflects at least ten simultaneous HIV/AIDS African outbreaks, theBionetics investigators stated the significance and proposed course of their vaccineresearch involving chimpanzees. They wrote:

Significance to Biomedical Research and to the [Special Virus Cancer] Program of the[National Cancer] Institute: Inasmuch as tests for the biological activity of candidatehuman [cancer] viruses will not be tested in the human species, it is imperative thatanother system be developed for these determinations and, subsequently for theevaluation of vaccines or other measures of control. The close phylogenetic relationship ofthe lower primates [i.e., chimpanzees] to man justifies utilization of these animals forthese purposes. Further study of altered transfer RNA and polymerase enzymes would

determine their significance in neoplastic change and provide a basis for selection oftherapeutic agents.

Proposed Course: Continuation with increased emphasis on monitoring and intensive careof inoculated animals to determine if active infection occurs, effects of infection, anddegree of immunosuppression when used. Further studies of human neoplasms at amolecular level will continue.33Inasmuch as humans were not being directly infected with candidate viruses during thisprogram according to the contract summary, live viral vaccines derived from retrovirusessimilar to the HIVs were being prepared and tested in primate populations that apparentlyincluded humans as well as chimpanzees. This at the precise time that the Australian

antigenthe HB highly infectious and easily transmissible cancer virusand related HBvaccines were being injected into both chimpanzees and humans in New York and Sub-Saharan Africa by LB collaborators.33

At the XI International Conference on AIDS in 1996, when questioned regarding hisinvolvement in these Bionetics studies, Dr. Gallo angrily replied to this author, Quitefrankly, I dont know what the hell youre talking about.13 If the HB vaccine theory mightbe the focus of a reputable independent inquiry, such as the one urged by Cribb,19 andnow AI members, Dr. Gallo might be obliged to formally discuss his contract with Bioneticswherein the Australian antigen was given to newborn African green monkeys in thecontext of testing a swarm of [candidate viral and retroviral] variants. If he still contendsthis HB vaccine/origin of AIDS theory has no merit, as he argued forcefully at that time,

then perhaps he would be willing to publish an alternative account reflecting more recentscientific revelations.Huebner et al, referred to in Bioneticss SVCP contract (NIH-71-2025), might also bepersuaded to divulge valuable insights regarding this HB vaccine/origin of AIDS thesis.34At that time, 1969, Dr. Robert Huebner was also a leader in this field on the esteemedNational Academy of SciencesNational Research Council (NASNRC), that is, at preciselythe time the Congressional Appropriations Committee heard testimony concerning thetechnical expertise available through the NASNRC for the U.S. Armys development of


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AIDS-like viruses. At that time these viruses were referred to by military personnel in theCongressional Record as synthetic biological agents. However, the scientific communityreferred to them as type-C RNA tumor viruses. Huebner was exquisitely aware of thesedevelopments and various retroviral species that were routinely being generated usingcrude early methods of recombination in SVCP labs. Again, these viruses were descriptivelyand functionally identical to HIV-1.2,3,13,14 According to the Bionetics contract summaryreport from 1972, Dr. Huebners group isolated and tested a cat/human hybridoncornavirus, RD-114, from a human sarcoma by 1971. Sarcomas, associated withleukemias and lymphomas in AIDS patients were, at that time, unheard of in gay men.Later, in 1981, HB virus and vaccine expert, Dr. Don Francis, relayed his opinion as to thesource of the first GRID (AIDS) cases in New York, Its a combination of feline leukemiaand hepatitis B, he told his mentor Max Essex at Harvard.35The following SVCP contract excerpt34 discusses the testing of effective treatments forHIV/AIDS-like infections at that early date:

The effects of 11 rifamycin derivaties on viral reverse transcriptase and on DNApolymerases from human normal and leukemic blood lymphocytes were evaluated.

Compound 143-483, 3-formyl rifamycin SV: octyl oxime showed the greatest potency andinhibited all DNA polymerases from both viral and cellular origins.

Might this be a cure for HIV/AIDS? Unless further investigations into this matter areconducted, we may never know.Reflecting on these revelations in-so-far-as the myriad viral recombinants potentiallycontaminating LBs labs and caged animals, and the determinations of Myers et al,10 amost appropriate question is, Why only ten forms of HIV/AIDS broke out during theearly1970s? It would seem likely that many of the SIVs originated from theseinvestigations as well as other pandemics such as herpes that exploded during the mid tolate 1970s along with immune suppressive disorders associated with EBV infections and

related cancers. Obviously, it would be helpful to investigate the possibility of other plaguesthat may have derived from vaccine contaminations and transmissions during the SVCP.Many researchers, in fact, issued forewarnings about the grave risks posed by recombinantcancer virology.13 Others cited similar risks from public healths sacred cowvaccinations.31 It is sobering to reflect on this knowledge in the wake of the RoyalSocietys publications and official evaluations.19Considering The Genocidal Theory of AIDSThe 1998 report of Zhu et al.9 was well timed to help promote co-author Edward Hoopersbook, The River, which substantially reinforced a previously advanced OPV theory of AIDSs

origin,12 and gave only superficial consideration to possible hepatitis B vaccinecontaminations as the zoonotic vector for transferring/transforming SIVcpz into the humanAIDS virus by 1976.4 Hooper referenced Emerging Viruses: AIDS & EbolaNature,Accident or Intentional? among the texts that explore the genocidal theory of AIDS whichhe credited for his background on the hepatitis B theory.13 He cautioned against blanketacceptance of the intentional theory of HIV/AIDS, which is consistent with the proposed AIinvestigation of the SVCP, but he did not rule out the possibility that HIV was releasedintentionally.4


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As Weiss stated, theories involving the CIA in the origin of AIDS have gained wideacceptance.6 Investigations by Horowitz et al.2,3,13 focused on the CIA and the 1969appropriations hearings in which the NASNRC was credited as the source of technicalexpertise for the U.S. Armys development of AIDS-like viruses. At that time, biologicalweapons were of great interest to Nelson Rockefellers protg, and Nixon administrationNational Seurity Advisor (NSA), Dr. Henry Kissinger. According to his biographer, and twoprevious CIA directorsWilliam Colby and Richard HelmsKissinger oversaw the CIAs topsecret biological weapons program called MK:NAOMI. Soon after becoming NSA, heordered a review of such weapons capabilities.13-15

Furthermore, in the early 1970s, in keeping with U.S. Government and global industrialistsinitiatives reflecting Rockefeller-directed Population Council urgings for Third Worlddepopulation, Kissinger requested and received National Special Security Memorandum 200articulating the urgency of dramatically reducing African populations.16 At that timeKissinger and associates were leading advisors to the Merck pharmaceutical companywhose president, George W. Merck, was Americas biological weapons industry director, ashe had been since World War II.17

According to Hooper, the genocidal hypothesis of HIV/AIDS should be taken with a grainof salt.4 It is clear, however, that compelling evidence exits, albeit circumstantial, thatU.S. Government officials, including Henry Kissinger, may have had something to do withthe initial HIV/AIDS outbreak. At the precise time corresponding to the earliesttransmissions of HIV/AIDS, Kissinger directed a national security cryptocracy that includedcorporate affiliates at the biological weapons contractor /vaccine maker Merck, as well asthe traditional weapons contractor Litton Industries. Littons president, Roy Ash, alsoserved in the Nixon administration overseeing American industry. Littons medicalsubsidiary, Bionetics, as detailed above, largely directed the NCIs SVCP, administeredAmericas premier biological weapons testing center at Fort Detrick, Maryland, and suppliedthe chimpanzees, monkeys, monkey viruses, primate cell lines, and other resources forcancer research, biological weapons development, andvaccine manufacture.

Thus, Kissinger certainly maintained the means, through his official channels at Merck,Litton Bionetics, and the CIA, as well as the motive, to deploy AIDS-like viruses by 1974 inMercks HB vaccine. What is unconscionable to most people, Kissinger, a staunch advocateof African depopulation, would have considered it convenient that the emergence ofHIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa coincided synchronously with the massive depopulationpolicy institutionalized with primary funding from the Rockefeller Foundation and the MerckFund.2,3,13,14

Most recently, Kissingers direction of foreign genocidal operations has been heralded byeven mainstream periodicals.36 In light of these revelations, it is stunning that Kissingerwrote his own genocide indemnification policy on behalf of the United States Government

in Foreign Affairs published by the Council on Foreign Relations in 2001.37The Challenge Before Us

There is a crisis of public faith in science and scientists, stated Dr. Julian Cribb, referringto the contentious manner in which origin of HIV/AIDS research and debate has beenconducted thus far. What I have described is . . . a systematic endeavour to suppresspublic discussion and scientific inquiry into this important [vaccine] hypothesis and to


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discredit its proponents over more than 12 years.

He summarized before the esteemed Royal Society gathering. Unless scientists areprepared to go into this issue objectively and transparently, it will damage the standing ofscience in the eyes of the community. 19Determining the origin of HIV/AIDS is vital for the following reasons according to Cribb: 1)to prevent similar calamities in the future; 2) to discover remedial methods and materialsthat might evolve from such knowledge; 3) to improve safety standards in virallaboratories and vaccine production facilities based on the knowledge of the pandemicsorigin; and 4) to restore faith and trust in this area of science and medicine. 19Furthermore, Cribb argued, If AIDS is iatrogenic, through an honest mistake, science maybe forgiven. But if it seeks to bury the idea, first, it will fail and second, it will destroypublic trust. To the extent that the HB vaccine theory of AIDS is officially neglected, asHamilton foretold: This hypothesis is certainly not going to go away.19But if the HB vaccine theory on the origin of AIDS, as current science overwhelminglysupports and the process of elimination has virtually proven, is ultimately accepted, thenCribbs forgivable honest mistake conjecture might need to be reexamined against moreunnerving possibilities.

At the time of this writing, the U.S. Homeland Security Act passed the Senate virtuallyunanimously. Mysteriously incorporated in its text was a vaccine injury indemnity clausethat freed drug companies from liabilities associated with specific vaccine ingredients, suchas HIV precursors in the HB vaccines. With this gross violation of U.S. constitutional, civil,and human rights, hundreds of thousands of Americans have been forced to care, withoutcompensation, for vaccine injured family members. If the U.S. Government is able to getaway with this most blatant breach of public faith, what is it capable of doingcovertly? Clearly, this current vaccine policy is a form of institutionalized genocidedefined

as the mass enslaving (pharmaceutically and otherwise) and killing of people foreconomics, politics, and/or ideology?

So long as the above scientific facts and AIDS issues remain unaddressed by medicinesmainstream, the implications are that AIDS science and vaccination policies, and likely allof science, has evolved in a vacuum devoid of ethics to serve political, economic, and/orideological motives. Thus, by strict definition, genocide and iatrogenesis have much. Somuch so that regardless of whether HIV/AIDS originated by accident or intentionally, withthis data, there is sufficient justification to coin a new most appropriate term

iatrogenocide.Further research to test this hypothesis should include: retrospective epidemiological

studies of homosexual populations in New York reported to have received the earliest HBvaccines; serological studies of any stored blood and/or serum from these early HB vaccinestudy subjects; likewise for the chimpanzees used in the preliminary trials and/or vaccinemanufacture; and genetic analyses of viral components in samples of the vaccine lots usedduring these earliest HB vaccine trials (if still available).


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About the AuthorLeonard G. Horowitz, D.M.D., M.A., M.P.H., is an internationally known authority in theoverlapping fields of public health, behavioral science, emerging diseases, andbioterrorism. He received his doctorate in medical dentistry from Tufts University School ofDental Medicine in 1977, was awarded a post-doctoral fellowship in behavioral science atthe University of Rochester, earned a Master of Public Health degree from HarvardUniversity, and another Master of Arts degree in health education from Beacon College, allbefore joining the research faculty at Harvard. Dr. Horowitz is best known for his nationalbestselling book, Emerging Viruses: AIDS & EbolaNature, Accident or Intentional?(Tetrahedron Press, 1998; 1-888-508-4787)which recently resulted in the United Stated General Accounting Office investigating theman-made origin of AIDS theory. (See: http://www.healingcelebrations.com/gao.htm) Dr.Horowitzs brilliant work in the field of vaccination risk awareness has prompted at leastthree Third World nations to change their vaccination policies. His recent stunningtestimony before the United States Congress Government Reform Committee, literallybrought the hearing to a halt. (See: http://www.healingcelebrations.com) Dr. Horowitz

questioned government health officials regarding a Centers for Disease Control andPrevention (CDC) secreted report showing a definitive link between the mercury ingredient(i.e., thimerosal), common to most vaccinations, and the skyrocketing rates of autism andbehavioral disorders affecting our children and the future our nation.Incredibly, Dr. Horowitz alerted the FBI, in writing and in person, one week before the firstanthrax mailing was announced in the press, that a major anthrax fright was in theprocess of unfolding that demanded the FBIs urgent attention. Needless to say they didnot heed Dr. Horowitzs prophetic warning.

Moreover, three months before the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center andPentagon, Dr. Horowitz released his thirteenth book, prophetically titled Death in the Air:

Globalism, Terrorism and Toxic Warfare. The book focuses on the West Nile Virus as an actof bioterroism, and considers what and who is really behind this and other recentoutbreaks. Dr. Horowitz argues that his disclosures expose the roots of global terrorism,along with the individuals and organizations at the heart of what he calls thepetrochemicalpharmaceutical cartel. He believes this multi-national corporate beast isin the process of committing global genocide, profiting from engineered frights, and at thesame time, most efficiently culling targeted populations considered excessive.Very recently, you may have heard that Senator Patrick Leahy (D-VT), Chairman of theSenate Judiciary Committee, called for an investigation into the links between the recentWest Nile Virus outbreaks and bioterrrorism. Dr. Horowitz is the principle pioneer andinvestigator of this theory.

Dr. Horowitzs contact information, books, audiotapes, and video programs are availablethrough www.tetrahedron.org, or by calling 1-888-508-4787.


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References(1) Heinrich J. Origin of AIDS Virus. Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office, GAO-02-809R; available from http:// www.gao.gov/main.html. See also:Tetrahedron PublishingGroup press release, U.S. GAO Commits Scientific Fraud In AIDS Inquiry: Congressional

Investigators Conceal and Lie Says Expert, available from healingcelebrations.com.

(2) Horowitz LG. Polio, hepatitis B and AIDS: an integrative theory on a possible vaccineinduced pandemic. Med Hypoth 2001;56(5):677-686.

(3) Horowitz LG, Strecker R, Cantwell SR, Vid, D, and Grossman G. The Mysterious Originof HIV: Reviewing the Natural, Iatrogenic and Genocidal Theories of AIDS. XI InternationalConference on AIDS, July 10, 1996, Vancouver, BC. Canada. See full text of abstract andpresented paper Here

(4) Hooper E. The River. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1999.

(5) Hamilton, WD., quoted by Julian Cribb in The origin of acquired immune deficiencysyndrome: can science afford to ignore it? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 2001;356:935-938.

(6) Weiss, RA, Natural and iatrogenic factors in human immunodeficiency virustransmission. Phil. Trans. R. Roc. Lond. B 2001;356,947-953.

(7) Yusim K, Peeters M. Pybus OG and Korber B, et al. Using human immunodeficiencyvirus type 1 sequences to infer historical features of the acquired immune deficiencysyndrome epidemic and human immunodeficiency virus evolution. Phil. Trans. R. Roc.Lond. B 2001;356,855-866.

(8) Sharp PM, Bailes E, Chaudhuri RR and Hahn BH, et al. The origins of acquired immune

deficiency syndrome viruses: where and when? Phil. Trans. R. Roc. Lond. B 2001;356,867-876.

(9) Zhu T, Korber BT, Nahmias AJ, Hooper E, Sharp PM and Ho DD. An African HIV-1sequence from 1959 and implications for the origin of the epidemic. Nature 1998;391(Feb.5):594-597.

(10) Burr T, Hyman JM and Myers G. The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome:Darwinian or Lamarchkian? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B (2001) 356:877-887; For earlyresearch regarding the Big Bang theory of HIV, see also: Myers G, Macinnnes K andMyers L. Phogenetic moments in the AIDS epidemic. Chapter 12 in S.S. Morse, ed.,Emerging Viruses (Oxford, Eng.: Oxford University Press, 1993).

(11) Marx PA, Alcabes PG and Drucker E.11 Serial human passage of simianimmunodeficiency virus by unsterile injections and the emergence of epidemic humanimmunodeficiency virus in Africa Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B (2001) 356:911-920.

(12) Elswood B and Stricker R. Polio vaccine and the origin of AIDS. Med Hypoth1994;42,347-354.

(13) Horowitz LG and Martin WJ. Emerging Viruses: AIDS & EbolaNature, Accident or


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Intentional?Sandpoint, ID: Tetrahedron Publishing Group, 1998. Note: the Hillemanrevelations concerning leukemia virus tainted yellow fever vaccines discussed on page 485derive from a sequestered recorded interview conducted in 1986 by EdwardShorter for a Merck funded documentary, The Health Century.

(14) Horowitz LG. Death in the Air: Globalism, Terrorism and Toxic Warfare. Sandpoint, ID.Tetrahedron Publishing Group, 2001.

(15) Isaacson W. Kissinger. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992, p. 205.

(16) National Security Agency. National Special Security Memorandum 200: Implications ofWorldwide Population Growth for U.S. Security and Overseas Interests. The White House:December 10, 1974 (Declassified July 3, 1989.).

(17) Covert NM. Cutting Edge: A history of Fort Detrick, Maryland 1943-1993. Fort Detrick, Maryland: U.S. Army Garrison, Public Affairs Office, 1993, pp. 17, 20, 39.

(18) Plotkin SA. Untruths and consequences: the false hypothesis linking CHAT type 1 poliovaccination to the origin of human immunodeficiency virus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol.Sci. 2001 Jun 29:356(1410):815-823.

(19) Cribb J. The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: can science afford toignore it? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 2001;356:935-938.

(20) Martin B. The burden of proof and the origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 2001;356:939-938.

(21) Bliss M. Origin of AIDS (letter). The Lancet 2001;357 (January 6):73-74.

(22) Gao F, Bailes E, Shaw GM, Sharp PM and Hahn BH et al. Origin of HIV-1 in thechimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes. Nature 1999 (Feb. 4);397:436-440. See also:Horowitz LG. Response to Zhu et al. 1959 Origin of AIDS. Unpublished letter to the editorof Nature. Available for review Here ; See also: Horowitz L. Analysis of Gao F and Bailes Estudy. Unpublished report available for review Here

(23) Poiesz B, Tomar R, Lehr B and Moore J. (along with anonymous CDC authors).Hepatitis B vaccine: Evidence confirming lack of AIDS transmission. MMWR1984;33;49:685-687.

(24) Marriott SJ, Lee TH, Slagle B and Butel JS. Activation of the HTLV-1 long terminalrepeat by the hepatitis B virus X protein. Virology 1996, 224;1:206-213.

(25) Higginson J and Muir CS. Epidemiologic program of the International Agency forResearch in Cancer (IARC) In: The National Cancer Program and International CancerResearch, National Cancer Institute Monograph 1974 (40:65).

(26) Jamison E and Hobbs F. World Population Profile: 1994, With a Special ChapterFocusing on HIV/AIDS (WP/94) by Peter O. Way and Karen A. Stanecki). Washington, DC:U.S. Government Printing Office by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC,


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1994.

(27) Goodfield J. Quest for the Killers. Basel; Stuttgart: Birkhauser, 1985, p. 94.

(28) Kanki PJ, Barin S, Essex M. et al. New human T-lymphotropic retrovirus (HTLV-IV)

related to simian T-lymphotropicvirus Type III (STLV-IIIagm). Science 1986;232:238-43.

(29) Schultz TF. Origin of AIDS (letter). The Lancet 1992;339:867.

(30) Krugman S. Viral hepatitis type B: Prospects for active immunization. In: InternationalSymposium on Viral Hepatitis, Milan, Dec. 1974. Develop. biol. Standard. Vol. 30, Munich:S. Karger Basel, 1975, pp. VI; 363-367; relevant general discussion can be found onpp.375-379; See also: Krugman S, Giles JP, Hammond J. Hepatitis virus: effect of healthon the infectivity and antigenicity of the MS-1 and MS-2 strains. J Infectious Disease.1970;122:432-6; Krugman S, Giles JP, Hammond J. Viral hepatitis, type B (MS-2 strain):Studies on active immunization. JAMA 1971;217:41-5; Krugman S, Giles JP. Viral hepatitis,type B (MS-2 strain); further observations on natural history and prevention. New EnglandJournal of Medicine 1973;288:755-60; and Krugman S, Overby LR, Mushahwar IK, Ling C-M, Forsner GG and Deinhardt F. Viral hepatitis, type B: Studies on natural history andprevention reexamined. New England Journal of Medicine 1979;200:101-6.

(31) Beale J. Origin of AIDS (letter). The Lancet 2001;357 (January 6):73.

(32) Purcell RH. Current understanding of hepatitis B virus infection and its implications forimmunoprophylaxis. In: Antiviral Mechanisms: Perspectives in Virology IX. The GustavStern Symposium. New York: Academic Press, 1975, pp. 49-76.

(33) NCI staff. The Special Virus Cancer Program: Progress Report #8 [and #9]. Office ofthe Associate Scientific Director for Viral Oncology (OASDVO). J. B. Moloney, Ed.,Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1971 [and 1972]. Note: This is a very

hard publication to find. Few library data bases have it listed, including the NCI Library atFort Detrick. It is available through the Davis Library, The University of North Carolina,Chapel Hill, Government Documents Department Depository, Reference # HE 20.3152:V81.The Litton support services contracts that included primate supplies are found on pp.187-88 and 326-327 of the reports. Littons list of mutant viruses, including retroviruses,and other experimental infectious agents including AuAg is found on pp. 279-280 and 284of Project Report #8, of 1971; for additional documentation on hepatitis and herpesexperimentation in Uganda before 1971 see: Higginson J and Muir CS. Epidemiologicprogram of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In: The NationalCancer Program and International Cancer Research, National CancerInstitute Monograph, 1974; 40:65.

(34) Rabin H, Kinard R. Gruber J and Pearson G. Bionetics Research Laboratories, Inc. (NIH71-2025) Investigations of viral carcinogenesis in primates. Here reference is made to

Drs. McAllister, Gardiner, and Huebner having isolated the cat-human hybridoncornavirus, RD-114, from a human sarcoma as early as 1971. See reprinted contractsummary in Horowitz, Op cit. 1998, p. 429.

(35) Shilts R. The Band Played On. New York: Penguin Books, 1987, p. 107.


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(36) Hitchens C. The Case Against Henry Kissinger. Harpers Magazine, February andMarch, 2001.

(37) Kissinger HA. The pitfalls of universal jurisdiction. Foreign Affairs. July/August 2001.Preview available from through http://www.foreignaffaris.org.


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