Early Colonial History

A Review

MAP 3.4 The Proprietary Colonies After the restoration of the Stuart monarchy in 1660, King Charles II of England created the new proprietary colonies of Carolina, New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. New Hampshire was set off as a royal colony in 1680, and in 1704, the lower counties of Pennsylvania became the colony of Delaware.

Southern Colonies

MarylandVirginia

North CarolinaSouth Carolina

Georgia

Chesapeake Colonies

•Maryland

•Virginia

•Still part of the Southern Colonies

s.coloniesSouthern Colonies

1. Indentured servants

2. slavery to work the large plantations

3. rice, tobacco and cotton

4. fertile soil

5. cities: Charleston, Savannah & Baltimore

MarylandVirginia

North CarolinaSouth Carolina

Georgia

Virginia---1607•Jamestown

Joint Stock CompanyVirginia Company

Captain John SmithJohn Rolfe

Attract new settlers for Dutch and Swedish

colonists

Representative Govt•House of Burgesses

Royal Colony

Maryland--1634 Lord BaltimoreReligious toleration—those who believed in Christ---allowed persecuted Catholics to settle in Maryland

Representative govt

Proprietary Colony

North/South CarolinaIn 1663

John Locke

8 English nobles

Setup a new colony based upon social

classes…Failed and divided into 2 parts

Representative govt

Royal Colony

Georgia—1732 James OglethorpeProvide a place for

debtors could start a new life---Acted as a

buffer against Spanish Florida

Royal Colony

Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner

TheTheLondonLondon

Company,Company,16061606

TheTheLondonLondon

Company,Company,16061606

This illustration is a detail of John Smith’s map of Virginia. It includes the names of many Indian villages, suggesting how densely settled was the Indian population of the coast of Chesapeake Bay. For the inset of Powhatan and his court in the upper left, the engraver borrowed images from John White’s drawings of the Indians of the Roanoke area. SOURCE:(a)Princeton University Library (b)Library of Congress.

Chief PowhatanChief PowhatanChief PowhatanChief Powhatan

Powhatan ConfederacyPowhatan ConfederacyPowhatan ConfederacyPowhatan Confederacy

Captain John SmithCaptain John SmithCaptain John SmithCaptain John Smith

PocahontasPocahontasPocahontasPocahontas

John RolfeJohn RolfeJohn RolfeJohn Rolfe

Indentured Indentured

ServitudeServitude

Indentured Indentured

ServitudeServitude

English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660

Headright SystemHeadright System

Slavery

Early Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial TobaccoEarly Colonial Tobacco

16181618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco.

16221622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.

16271627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco.

16291629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

VirginiaVirginiaHouse of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses

VirginiaVirginiaHouse of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses

1622 Indian1622 IndianUprisingsUprisings

1622 Indian1622 IndianUprisingsUprisings

Governor Berkeley’sGovernor Berkeley’s“Fault Line”“Fault Line”

Governor Berkeley’sGovernor Berkeley’s“Fault Line”“Fault Line”

Nathaniel Bacon’s Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676Rebellion: 1676

Nathaniel Bacon’s Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676Rebellion: 1676

Nathaniel Nathaniel BaconBacon GovernorGovernor

William William BerkeleyBerkeley

MarylandMarylandLord Baltimore & Calvert Lord Baltimore & Calvert

FamilyFamily

MarylandMarylandLord Baltimore & Calvert Lord Baltimore & Calvert

FamilyFamily

• Proprietary colony• Started as safe haven for

CATHOLICS• 1649 Act of Religious

Toleration• Following Protestant

Revolution 1689 toleration was revoked and Catholics persecuted until American Revolution

Pilgrims?Pilgrims?

vs. vs.

Puritans?Puritans?

The MayflowerThe Mayflower

The Mayflower Compact

November 11, 1620

The Mayflower Compact

November 11, 1620

William BradfordWilliam Bradford

The Mason Children, by an unknown Boston artist, ca. 1670. These Puritan children—David, Joanna, and Abigail Mason—are dressed in finery, an indication of the wealth and prominence of their family. The cane in young David’s hand indicates his position as the male heir, while the rose held by Abigail is a symbol of childhood innocence. SOURCE:Attributed to the Freake-Gibbs

Painter,American,active Boston,MA.,ca.1670.The Mason Children:David,Joanna,and Abigail , 1670.Oil on canvas,39 •421 in.The Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco,Gift of Mr.and Mrs.John D.Rockefeller 3rd,1979,7.3. 1 2

John WinthropJohn Winthrop

We shall be as a city on a hill..

We shall be as a city on a hill..

Puritan “Rebels”Puritan “Rebels”

Roger WilliamsRoger

WilliamsAnne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson

The Pequot Wars: 1636-1637

The Pequot Wars: 1636-1637

A Pequot VillageDestroyed, 1637A Pequot VillageDestroyed, 1637

Indians and New Englanders skirmish during King Philip’s War in a detail from John Seller’s “A Mapp of New England,” published immediately after the war. SOURCE:John Seller Map of New England,1675.Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University.

King Phillip’s War (1675-1676)

The Delawares presented William Penn with this wampum belt after the Shackamaxon Treaty of 1682. In friendship, a Quaker in distinctive hat clasps the hand of an Indian. The diagonal stripes on either side of the figures convey information about the territorial terms of the agreement. Wampum belts like this one, made from strings of white and purple shells, were used to commemorate treaties throughout the colonial period and were the most widely accepted form of money in the northeastern colonies during the seventeenth century. SOURCE:Photograph by Gavin Ashworth.The Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania “The Holy Experiment