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Early Christian and Byzantine Art Vocabulary
• Catacomb: Cubicula• Synagogue• Basilica• Evangelists• Nave• Apse• Buttress • Putto/Putti• Catacomb• Orant• Sarcophagus• Narthex• Transept
• Codex• Illuminated Manuscript• Parchment/vellum• Chalice/patten• Pendentives• Icons• Iconoclasts/iconophiles• Chi-rho
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Judaic, Synagogue at Dura Europos, Syria, 244-245 CE
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The Exodus from Egypt
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Roman Catacombs,
Late RomanEarly 4th century
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Early Christian, Three Hebrew Youths in the Fiery Furnace, Early 3rd Century, Catacomb of Pricilla, Rome
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Early Christian, Catacomb of Ss. Peter and Marcelinus, Rome, 4th century
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Early Christian, Sarcophagus of Maria Antigua, 270
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Relief detail from a marble sarcophagus of a vintage scene, ca. 3rd century, Rome
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Early Christian, Good Shepherd, late 3rd century, Rome
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Early Christian, Old Saint Peter’s, Rome, ca. 320
• Narthex• Transept• aisles
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Late Roman, Aula Palatina, Trier, Germany, 4th cent.
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Early Christian, Santa Sabina, Interior, Rome, 422-32
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Christ as Good Shepherd, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy, ca. 425
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Martyrdom of St. Lawrence, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy, ca. 425
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Santa Costanza, Rome, ca. 337-351
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Elevation and Plan, Santa Costanza
• Central Plan• Greek cross
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Early Byzantine, Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, 532-537
Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus
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San Vitale, Ravenna, 526-47
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Early Byzantine, San Vitale, Apse View, Ravenna, 526-47
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Early Byzantine, Justinian and his Courtiers, San Vitale, 547
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Early Byzantine, Theodora and her Courtiers, San Vitale, 547
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Early Byzantine, Virgin Enthroned with Saints Icon,
6th century
• Icon• Tempera• Theotokos• Hieratic
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Iconoclasm
726-843
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Middle Byzantine,Virgin and Child
(Theotokos), Hagia Sophia, 867
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Church of the Dormition, Nicaea, Greece, restored, 787
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Christ as Pantocrator, church of the
Dormition, Daphni, Greece, ca. 1090-1100
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Pantocrator, Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece, ca. 1100
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Middle Byzantine, The Lamentation, Saint Pantaleimon, Macedonia, 1164
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Virgin and Child (Theotokos), late
11th-early12th century, Russia
• Virgin of Compassion
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Middle Byzantine, St. Mark’s Basilica, Venice, 1063 begun
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Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well, Vienna
Genesis, early 6th century
• Codex• Illuminated manuscript• Folio• Vellum• Tempera
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David Composing the Psalms, the Paris Psalter, ca. 950-970