Earls Court Project · PDF fileDAYITS DESIN. Internal Daylight ... a building will retain the potential for good interior defused day-lighting provided that on ... Appendix C of the

Earls Court ProjectRoyal Borough of Kensington & ChelseaApplication 1

Internal Daylight and SunlightDetailed Submission

Prepared for EC Properties Ltdby GIA

December 2011

Properties

DAYLIGHT+SOLAR DESIGN

Internal Daylight and SunlightDetailed Submission

Earls CourtProject No: 5066

January 26, 2012


GIA The Whitehouse, Belvedere Road, London SE1 8GA t 020 7202 1400 f 020 7202 1401 e [email protected] w www.gia.uk.com

5066 - Earls Court Internal Daylight and Sunlight - Detailed Submission

Issue No: IS39-5066

Page No: 2

Date: January 26, 2012

Sources of information:

• IR71-89_5066

Project Number

Project Title

Report Title

Written by

Checked by

Dated

Type

Revisions

Architect

Client EC Properties Ltd

Terry Farrell & Partners, Paul Davis & Partners, Allies & Morrison and Kohn Pedersen Fox

Earls Court

5066

Internal Daylight and Sunlight - Detailed Submission

January 26, 2012

Alex Buckley

SP

Notes:

--

--

Issue

--

Signed:

--/--/--

Date:




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• IR71-89_5066

1. Executive SummaryFurther to submission, in June 2011, of the Outline Planning Application 1, Plots WV01, WV02 and WV05 have been developed with further details to allow EC Properties Ltd to seek planning approval on the massing scale and appear-ance of these plots, reserving internal layouts for future approval.

In order to support this detailed application, indicative layouts have been test-ed from an internal daylight and sunlight point of view. This has been done to ensure that the proposed window locations and dimensions are adequate to allow for layouts that would comply with the BRE guidance.

The daylight assessments have shown that all relevant rooms within the town-houses (WV02 and WV05) and the apartments in plot WV01 achieve Average Daylight Factor (ADF) levels at or in excess of the minimum levels recommend-ed and as such are considered well daylit.

The sunlight assessments undertaken have shown that all living room win-dows within WV01 meet the recommended levels of Annual Probable Sunlight Hours (APSH).

In the townhouses, whilst the total levels of Annual Probable Sunlight Hours (APSH) on at least one living room window of each are at or above those recom-mended by the BRE; the levels of winter sun show the potential to be slightly lower than recommended in areas of the lowest floors.

It should be noted that all the living areas behind these windows receive excel-lent daylight levels and that a lower levels of winter APSH is to be expected at the lowest floors within a dense urban environment. Many of the townhouses also provide additional living or dining rooms with levels of APSH meeting or exceeding the levels recommended.

We therefore find that the proposed accomodation within the Townhouses and Plot WV01 is acceptable in terms of daylight and sunlight.

2. Introduction and ObjectiveGIA has been instructed to provide a report upon the potential availability of Daylight and Sunlight to the proposed accommodation within the residen-tial elements of the detailed application. These elements are identified as the Townhouses (WV02 and WV05) and Plot WV01. GIA was specifically instructed to carry out the following:

• To create a 3D computer model of the proposal based upon drawings and 3D models prepared by Terry Farrell and Partners, Paul Davis and Partners, Allies and Morrison and Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates.

• Carry out a daylight assessment using the methodologies set out in the BRE guidelines for Daylight Distribution, Room Depth Criterion and Aver-age Daylight Factor.

• Carry out a sunlight assessment using the methodologies set out in the BRE guildlines for Annual Probable Sunlight Hours (APSH) to the fenestra-tion facing within 90 degrees of due south.

• Prepare a report setting out the analysis and our findings.




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• IR71-89_5066

3. BRE guidelinesThe Building Research Establishment (BRE) have set out in their handbook Site Layout Planning for Daylight and Sunlight a Guide to Good Practice (1991), guidelines and methodology for the measurement and assessment of daylight and sunlight within proposed buildings. This document states that it is also in-tended to be used in conjunction with the interior daylight recommendations found within the British Standard BS8206-2:2008 and The Applications Manual on Window Design of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE).

The guide also provides advice on site layout planning to determine the quality of daylight and sunlight within open spaces between buildings.

It is important to note, however, that this document is a guide whose stated aim “is to help rather than constrain the designer”.

The document provides advice, but also clearly states that it “is not mandatory and this document should not be seen as an instrument of planning policy.” The report acknowledges also in its introduction that “in special circumstances the developer or planning authority may wish to use different target values. For exam-ple, in a historic City centre a higher degree of obstruction may be unavoidable if new developments are to match the height and proportions of existing buildings.”

It is an inevitable consequence of the built up urban environment that daylight and sunlight will be more limited in these areas. It is well acknowledged that in such situations there may be many other conflicting and potentially more important planning and urban design matters to consider other than just the provision of ideal levels of daylight and sunlight.

3.1. DaylightThe BRE set out various methods for assessing the daylight within a proposed building within section 2.1 and Appendix C of the handbook. The summary of this, given at the end of section 2.1 of the guide, states as follows:

“in general, a building will retain the potential for good interior defused day-lighting provided that on all its main faces:

A. No obstruction, measured in a vertical section perpendicular to the main face, from a point two metres above ground level, subtends an angle of more than 25 degrees to the horizontal;

Or

B. If (A) is not satisfied, then all points on the main face on a line two metres above ground level are within four metres (measured sideways) of a point which has a vertical sky line component of 27% or more.”

3.1.1. Vertical Sky Component (VSC)This method of assessment can be undertaken using a skylight indicator or a Waldram diagram. It measures from a single point, at the centre of the window if known at the early design stage, the quantum of sky visible taking into ac-count all external obstructions. Whilst these obstructions can be either other

buildings or the general landscape, trees are usually ignored unless they form a continuous or dense belt of obstruction.

The VSC method is a useful ‘rule of thumb’ but has some significant limitations in determining the true quality of daylight within a proposed building. It does not take into account the size of the window, any reflected light off external obstructions, any reflected light within the room, or the use to which that room is put. Appendix C of the guide goes into more detail on these matters and sets forward alternative methods for assessment to overcome these limitations.

Appendix C of the BRE guide: Interior Daylighting Recommendations, states:

“The British Standard for daylighting, and the CIBSE Applications manual: win-dow design, contain advice and guidance on interior daylighting. This guide to good practice is intended to be used in conjunction with them, and its guid-ance is intended to fit in with their recommendations.

For skylight, the British Standard and the CIBSE manual put forward three main criteria, based on the average daylight factor, room depth, and the posi-tion of the no skyline.”

These assessments are set out below.

3.1.2. Average Daylight Factor (ADF)“If a predominantly daylit appearance is required, then df should be 5% or more if there is no supplementary electric lighting, or 2% or more if supple-mentary electric lighting is provided. There are additional recommendations for dwellings, of 2% for kitchens, 1.5% for living rooms and 1% for bedrooms. These last are minimum values of Average Daylight Factor, and should be at-tained even if a predominantly daylit appearance is not required.”

This method of assessment takes into account the total glazed area to the room, the transmittance quality of the glazing proposed, the total area of the room surfaces including ceilings and floors, and the internal average reflectance for the room being assessed. The method also takes into account the Vertical Sky Component and the quantum of reflected light off external surfaces.

This is, therefore, a significantly more detailed method of assessment than the Vertical Sky Component method set out above.

3.1.3. Room Depth Criteria (RDC)Where it has access to daylight from windows in one wall only, the depth of a room can become a factor in determining the quantity of light within it. The BRE guidance provides a simple method for examining the ratio of room depth to window area. However, whilst it does take into account internal surface re-flections, this method also has significant limitations in that it does not take into account any obstructions outside the window and therefore draws no in-put from the quantity of light entering the room.

3.1.4. No sky lineThis third method of assessment is a simple test to establish where within the proposed room the sky will be visible through the windows, taking into ac-count external obstructions. The assessment is undertaken at working plane




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• IR71-89_5066

height (850mm above floor level) and the method of calculation is set out in Appendix D of the BRE handbook.

Appendix C of the BRE handbook states “if a significant area of the working plane lies beyond the no skyline (i.e., it receives no direct skylight), then the distribution of daylight in the room will look poor and supplementary electric lighting will be required.” To guarantee a satisfactory daylight uniformity, this area is more pre-cisely quantified in the BS 8206 Part2 2008 as 20%.

3.1.5. SummaryThe Average Daylight Factor gives a more detailed assessment of the daylight within a room and takes into account the highest number of factors in estab-lishing a quantitative output.

However, the conclusion of Appendix C of the BRE guide states:

“all three of the criteria need to be satisfied if the whole of the room is to look adequately daylit. Even if the amount of daylight in a room (given by the Aver-age Daylight Factor) is sufficient, the overall daylight appearance will be im-paired if its distribution is poor.”

In most urban areas it is important to recognise that the distribution of day-light within a room may be difficult to achieve, given the built up nature of the environment. Consequently, most local authorities seek to ensure that there is sufficient daylight within the room as determined by the Average Daylight Factor calculation. However, the additional recommendations of the BRE and British Standard for residential accommodation, set out above, ought not to be overlooked.

3.2. SunlightThe BRE provide guidance in respect of sunlight quality for new developments within section 3.1 of the handbook. It is generally acknowledged that the pres-ence of sunlight is more significant in residential accommodation than it is in commercial, and this is reflected in the BRE document.

It states, “in housing, the main requirement for sunlight is in living rooms, where it is valued at any time of the day, but especially in the afternoon. Sunlight is also re-quired in conservatories. It is viewed as less important in bedrooms and in kitchens where people prefer it in the morning rather than the afternoon.”

For modern non-domestic buildings the guide states, “the requirement for sunlight will vary according to the type of non-domestic building, the aim of the designer and the extent to which the occupants can control their environment. People appreciate sunlight more if they can choose whether or not to be exposed to it, either by changing their positions in the room or by using adjustable shad-ing. Where prolonged access to sunlight is available, shading devices will also be needed to avoid overheating and unwanted glare from the sun.”

The BRE guide considers the critical aspects of orientation and overshadowing in determining the availability of sunlight to a proposed development.

Again, these factors are of particular relevance when considering develop-ments in urban areas, as the site in question may already be heavily overshad-

owed by existing surrounding buildings, or it may not be possible to orientate a new building on that site in order to ensure a south facing, or predominantly south facing, aspect due to other urban constraints

Paragraph 3.1. 15 states that:

“In general a dwelling, or non-domestic building which has a particular require-ment for sunlight, will appear reasonably sunlit provfded:

• at least one main window wall faces within 90· of due south

and

• the centre of at least one window to a main living room can reli:eive 25% of annual probable sunlight hours, iljlcluding at least 5% of annual probable sunlight hours in the winter months between 21 September and 21 March.”




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• IR71-89_5066

3.3. Further relevant informationFurther information can be found in The Daylight in Urban Areas Design Guide (Energy Saving Trust CE257, 2007) which provides the following recommenda-tion with regards to VSC levels in urban areas:

“If ‘theta’ (Visible sky angle) is greater than 65º (obstruction angle less than 25ºor VSC at least 27 percent) conventional window design will usually give reasonable results.

If ‘theta’ is between 45º and 65º(obstruction angle between 25º and 45º, VSC between 15 and 27 percent), special measures such as larger windows and changes to room layout are usually needed to provide adequate daylight.

If ‘theta’ is between 25º and 45º (obstruction angle between 45º and 65º, VSC from 5 to15 percent.), it is very difficult to provide adequate daylight unless very large windows are used.

If ‘theta’ is less than 25º (obstruction angle more than 65º, VSC less than 5 per-cent) it is often impossible to achieve reasonable daylight, even if the whole window wall is glazed.”

4. MethodologyIn order to undertake the daylight and sunlight assessments set out above, and in accordance with your instructions, we have prepared a three dimensional computer model and used specialist lighting simulation software.

The three dimensional representation of the proposed development has been modelled using the scheme drawings provided to us by Terry Farrell and Part-ners, Paul Davis and Partners, Allies and Morrison and Kohn Pedersen Fox As-sociates. This has been placed in the context of the illustrative masterplan and its surrounding buildings which have been modelled from survey information, photogrammetry, Ordnance Survey and site photographs. This allows for a precise model which, in turn, ensures that analysis accurately represents the amount of daylight and sunlight available to the building facades, internal and external spaces, considering all of the surrounding obstructions and orienta-tion.

One instance of each proposed townhouse has been technically assessed. A garden wall of varying heights exists between the proposed townhouses and those existing townhouses opposite and in order to create a ‘worst-case’ sce-nario, each townhouse has been assessed with the maximum possible garden wall obstruction (4.5m). Any fluctuation in the height of this wall, therefore, will only lead to increased levels of daylight seen.

It should also be noted that the levels achieved could change whilst the build-ings within the EC1 area are finalised.

4.1. Simulation assumptionsWhere no values for reflectance, transmittance and maintenance factor were specified by the designer the following values from BS 8206-2:2008, Annex A, tables A.1-A.6 were used for the calculation Average Daylight Factor values:

Reflectance values

Surrounding 0.2Pavement 0.2Internal walls (light grey) 0.68Internal ceiling (white paint) 0.85Internal floor (medium to light veneer) 0.3

Transmittance values:

Double glazing: 0.75Pilkington K Glass 4/16/4 Argon filled 90% (Tv=0.75)

Single glazing: 0.90Pilkington Optifloat Clear, Annealed, 4mm (Tv=0.90)

Maintenance factors

Vertical glazing 0.92Horizontal glazing 0.76Framing factor 0.8




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• IR71-89_5066

5. Sources of information

Internal Reference Numbers: IR71-86_5066

6. Conclusions on Daylight and Sunlight

6.1. Conclusions on DaylightThe assessments have shown that all relevant rooms within all the townhouses and plot WV01 achieve Average Daylight Factor (ADF) levels at or in excess of the minimum levels recommended and as such are considered well daylit.

Whilst lower levels of No Sky Line (NSL) are visible in a few rooms, this is to be expected within a dense urban context and with the good levels of ADF seen and the full compliance with the Room Depth Criterion (RDC), the rooms will still be well daylit.

6.2. Conclusion on SunlightThe BRE guidance states that there is a higher expectancy of sunlight within living rooms and so those windows serving living areas have been indentified on the assessments.

WV01

The assessments undertaken have shown that all living room windows with-in WV01 meet the recommended levels of Annual Probable Sunlight Hours (APSH)

Townhouses

Whilst the total levels of APSH on at least one living room window of each townhouse are at or above those recommended by the BRE. the levels of win-ter sun show the potential to be slightly lower than recommended in areas on the lowest floors.

It should be noted that all the living areas behind these windows receive excel-lent daylight levels and that a lower levels of winter APSH is to be expected at the lowest floors within the dense urban environment. Many of the townhous-es also provide additional living or dining rooms with levels of APSH meeting or exceeding the levels recommended.




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• IR71-89_5066

Site Overview

Figure 1: Perspective Overview Figure 2: Perspective Overview

Type 4

Type 5

Type 6Type 7

Type 8WV01

Type 1

Type 2

Type 3




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• IR71-89_5066

WV01

Figure 3: Perspective Overview




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• IR71-89_5066

WV01 - Daylight - Level -2

Table 1: Assessment Data

Daylight QuantumRoom No. ADF% NSL% RDC

WV01 ‐ Level ‐20 L/K/D 2.1 78 Met1 L/K/D 3.3 97 Met2 L/K/D 3.5 85 Met3 L/K/D 2 42 Met4 L/K/D 2.1 39 Met5 L/K/D 3.7 80 Met6 L/K/D 3.9 78 Met7 L/K/D 2.4 40 Met

Distribution of Daylight

UP UP

AA

Unit 1P1 Core 1 Core 2

Plant/Storage

Refuse

Cycle Storealternate up/down bike stand(10 bikes)

Refuse

Unit 1P2

Unit 2P1

Unit 2P2

Unit 3P1

Unit 3P2

Unit 4P1

Unit 4P2

Unit 5P1

Unit 5P2

Unit 6P1

Unit 6P2

Unit 7P1

Unit 7P2

Unit 8P1

Unit 8P2

Unit 9P1

Unit 9P2

Unit 10P1

Unit 10P2

Unit 11P1

Unit 11P2

Unit 12P1

Unit 12P2

2500 x 6000

2500 x 5500

Plant/StorageCycle Storealternate up/down bike stand(10 bikes)

Northern Access Road

Level -3 Underground Carpark

UP UP

AA

Living Dining

Kitchen

Entrance Hall

Courtyard

Core 1 Core 2

Courtyard Courtyard Courtyard

LivingDining

Kitchen

Entrance Hall

Living Dining

Kitchen

Entrance Hall

LivingDining

Kitchen

Entrance Hall Entranceunit 10

Entranceunit 9

Entranceunit 12

Entranceunit 11

Level -2 Duplex Apartments

DRAFT0m 1m 2m 4m 5m 10m

1:200 @ A3Earls Court scale 28 Nov 2011

the old school house 178 ebury street london SW1W 8UP [email protected]. +44(0)20 7730 1178 f. +44(0)845 280 5071

Capco EC1 WV01 Plans Levels -2 & Levels -3 ECM7/PA/05/152 rev.-- 1:100 @ A1

Figure 4: Room Layout

0

1 2

3 4

5 6

7




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• IR71-89_5066

WV01 - Daylight - Level -1


UP UP

AA

Living

Dining

Kitchen

Master Bedroom

Bedroom 2

Entrance Hall

Master Bedroom

Bedroom 2

Entrance Hall

Living

Dining

Kitchen

Core 1 Core 2

Living

Dining

Kitchen

Master Bedroom

Bedroom 2

Entrance Hall

Master Bedroom

Bedroom 2

Entrance Hall

Living

Dining

Kitchen

Entra

nce

unit

5

Com

mun

al E

ntra

nce

Entra

nce

unit

6 Entra

nce

unit

8

Entra

nce

unit

7

Com

mun

al E

ntra

nce

Emergency Access

Terrace Terrace

Terrace Terrace

UP UP

AA

Master Bedroom Bedroom 3

Core 1 Core 2

Bedroom 3Master Bedroom Bedroom 2Master Bedroom Bedroom 3Bedroom 2Bedroom 2 Master Bedroom Bedroom 3Bedroom 2

Store Store OfficePost



Level 0 Lateral Apartments



Capco EC1 WV01 Plans Levels 1 & Level 0ECM7/PA/05/151 rev.-- 1:100 @ A1


8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19



WV01 ‐ Level ‐18 Bedroom 1.8 96 Met9 Bedroom 1 91 Met10 Bedroom 2.2 100 Met11 Bedroom 2.3 94 Met12 Bedroom 1 85 Met13 Bedroom 2.1 78 Met14 Bedroom 2.1 76 Met15 Bedroom 1.2 74 Met16 Bedroom 2.4 82 Met17 Bedroom 2.5 80 Met18 Bedroom 1.2 73 Met19 Bedroom 2.2 75 Met




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• IR71-89_5066

WV01 - Daylight - Level 0


UP UP

AA

Living

Dining

Kitchen

Master Bedroom

Bedroom 2

Entrance Hall

Master Bedroom

Bedroom 2

Entrance Hall

Living

Dining

Kitchen

Core 1 Core 2

Living

Dining

Kitchen

Master Bedroom

Bedroom 2

Entrance Hall

Master Bedroom

Bedroom 2

Entrance Hall

Living

Dining

Kitchen

Entra

nce

unit

5

Com

mun

al E

ntra

nce

Entra

nce

unit

6 Entra

nce

unit

8

Entra

nce

unit

7

Com

mun

al E

ntra

nce

Emergency Access

Terrace Terrace

Terrace Terrace

UP UP

AA

Master Bedroom Bedroom 3

Core 1 Core 2

Bedroom 3Master Bedroom Bedroom 2Master Bedroom Bedroom 3Bedroom 2Bedroom 2 Master Bedroom Bedroom 3Bedroom 2

Store Store OfficePost



Level 0 Lateral Apartments



Capco EC1 WV01 Plans Levels 1 & Level 0ECM7/PA/05/151 rev.-- 1:100 @ A1


20

21

22

23

24

25 26

27

28

29

30

31



WV01 ‐ Level 020 L/K/D 2.2 98 N/A21 Bedroom 1.6 86 Met22 Bedroom 2.7 99 Met23 Bedroom 1.7 96 Met24 Bedroom 2.7 100 Met25 L/K/D 2.2 99 Met26 L/K/D 2.2 99 Met27 Bedroom 1.8 96 Met28 Bedroom 2.5 99 Met29 Bedroom 1.8 96 Met30 Bedroom 2.4 100 Met




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• IR71-89_5066



UP UP

AA

Family Room

Master Bedroom

Bedroom 3

Bedroom 2

Entrance Hall Core 1 Core 2

Master Bedroom

Bedroom 2

Master Bedroom

Bedroom 3

Master Bedroom

Bedroom 3

Family Room

Bedroom 3

Entrance Hall

Family Room

Bedroom 2

Entrance Hall

Family Room

Bedroom 2

Entrance Hall

UP UP

AA

Living

Dining Kitchen

Study

Entrance Hall

Study

Living

DiningKitchen

Entrance Hall Entrance HallEntrance Hall

Living

Dining

Living

Dining

Study Study

Kitchen Kitchen

Core 1 Core 2

Terrace Terrace Terrace Terrace

Rooflight over

Rooflight over Rooflight over Rooflight over Rooflight over

Rooflight over

Rooflight over

Rooflight over

Entranceunit 2

Entranceunit 1

Entranceunit 4

Entranceunit 3

roof

light

lift over runlift over run

AOV

roof

light

roof

light

roof

light

Green Roof AOV

rooflight rooflight rooflight rooflight

Level 1 Duplex Apartments


Roof Plan




Capco EC1 WV01 Plans Levels 1, Level 2 & Roof PlanECM7/PA/05/150 rev.-- 1:100 @ A1


32

33

34

35 36

37 38

39

40

41

42

43 44

45 46

47



WV01 ‐ Level 131 L/K/D 2.1 99 N/A32 Bedroom 2.5 88 Met33 Bedroom 2.1 97 Met34 Bedroom 2.8 100 Met35 Living Room 2.7 98 Met36 Living Room 2.6 99 Met37 Bedroom 2.9 99 Met38 Bedroom 2.7 92 Met39 Bedroom 2 98 Met40 Bedroom 2.8 92 Met41 Bedroom 2 98 Met42 Bedroom 3 100 Met43 Living Room 2.4 98 Met44 Living Room 2.3 99 Met45 Bedroom 3 99 Met46 Bedroom 3 92 Met47 Bedroom 1.8 97 Met




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• IR71-89_5066



UP UP

AA

Family Room

Master Bedroom

Bedroom 3

Bedroom 2

Entrance Hall Core 1 Core 2

Master Bedroom

Bedroom 2

Master Bedroom

Bedroom 3

Master Bedroom

Bedroom 3

Family Room

Bedroom 3

Entrance Hall

Family Room

Bedroom 2

Entrance Hall

Family Room

Bedroom 2

Entrance Hall

UP UP

AA

Living

Dining Kitchen

Study

Entrance Hall

Study

Living

DiningKitchen

Entrance Hall Entrance HallEntrance Hall

Living

Dining

Living

Dining

Study Study

Kitchen Kitchen

Core 1 Core 2

Terrace Terrace Terrace Terrace

Rooflight over

Rooflight over Rooflight over Rooflight over Rooflight over

Rooflight over

Rooflight over

Rooflight over

Entranceunit 2

Entranceunit 1

Entranceunit 4

Entranceunit 3

roof

light

lift over runlift over run

AOV

roof

light

roof

light

roof

light

Green Roof AOV

rooflight rooflight rooflight rooflight



Roof Plan




Capco EC1 WV01 Plans Levels 1, Level 2 & Roof PlanECM7/PA/05/150 rev.-- 1:100 @ A1


48

49

50 51

52

53 54

55

56 57

58

59



WV01 ‐ Level 248 L/K/D 4.3 99 N/A49 Bedroom 2.4 94 Met50 L/K/D 3.4 100 Met51 L/K/D 3.1 100 Met52 Bedroom 2.5 94 Met53 L/K/D 3.5 100 Met54 L/K/D 3.6 100 Met55 Bedroom 2.5 94 Met56 L/K/D 3 100 Met57 L/K/D 2.9 100 Met58 Bedroom 2.5 94 Met59 L/K/D 4.3 99 N/A




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Figure 9: Total APSH Figure 10: Winter APSH

WV01 - Annual Probable Sunlight Hours

Living Room Window




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Townhouse Type 1





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Townhouse Daylight - Type 1


Figure 12: Ground Floor

Figure 13: First Floor Figure 14: Second Floor

60

62

63

64

65

61

Room No. ADF% NSL% RDC

Daylight Quantum Distribution of Daylight

Tounhouse Type 1

60 L/K/D 2.1 96 Met

61 Study 1.8 44 Met

62 Living Room 1.5 98 Met

63 Bedroom 1.9 71 Met






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Townhouse Annual Probable Sunlight Hours - Type 1

Living Room Window




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Townhouse Type 2





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Townhouse Daylight - Type 2


Figure 18: Lower Ground Floor Figure 19: Ground Floor

Figure 20: First Floor Figure 21: Second Floor

66

67 68

70

71 72

73

69

Room No. ADF% NSL% RDC

Daylight Quantum Distribution of Daylight

Tounhouse Type 2

66 L/K/D 2.3 89 N/A



69 Living Room 2.4 93 N/A



72 Bedroom 1 31 Met





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Townhouse Annual Probable Sunlight Hours - Type 2

Living Room Window

Documents

Earls Court Project · PDF fileDAYITS DESIN. Internal Daylight ... a building will retain the potential for good interior defused day-lighting provided that on ... Appendix C of the