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:yf lgo ljsf; clwsf/ Le/ts'df/ zdf{n] k|:t't u/]sf] gLlt tyfsfo{qmddf rfn' vr{ && s/f]8 && nfv&% xhf/ / k+'lhut vr{ tkm{ ! ca{#! s/f]8 (& nfv $@ xhf/ ah]6/x]sf] 5 . ut cfly{s aif{sf] eGbf o;cfly{s aif{sf] ah]6 sl/a !% s/f]8sd xf] . ut cfly{s aif{df @ ca{ @$s/f]8 lalgof]hg u/]sf] lyof] . lhNnfl:yt s] lx ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/Llgsfox?n] laifout ;ldltsf] a}7sdfcfkm \gf ] ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd k |:t'tgu/]sf sf/0f sd ah]6 x'g uPsf]atfO {Psf ] 5 . o; ai f {s f ] lhNnfkl/ifb\n] ;8s, s[lif / ko{6gnfO{ a9Lk|fyfldstf lbO{Psf] 5 . To;}u/L lzIff,:jf:Yo, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{nfO{,laB't , vfB ;'/I ff, ag jftfa/0fnufotsf If]qnfO{ klg k|fyldstf lbPsf]

5 . h;df b'O{ lhNnf hf]8\g] ;8s, lhNnf;b/d'sfdaf6 ufla; ejg ;Dd k'Ug];8s ;u} cGo ;8s ;+hfnsf] la:tf/ub{} ;a} uflj;df ;8s k'¥ofpg] nIf/flvPsf] 5 .

To; }u/ L lga f { xd ' lv s [ l i fk|0ffnLnfO{ Plss[t / Joj;flos s[lifk|0ffnL tkm{ pGd'v ub{} vfBfGg ;d:ofx'g glbg], u|fld0f ko{6gsf] ljsf; ub{}?s'd x'b } 8f]Nkf hfg] 6 ]| lsª ?6, 9f]/kf6g ?6, u'l/Nnf 6| ]s / e]/L glbdf¥ofkm\6Lª ;+rfngnfO{ k|a{wg ug{ hf]8lbg ?s'd e|d0f aif{ dgfpg] 3f]if0fful/Psf] 5 . To:t} :jf:Yo tkm{ lhNnfc:ktfnsf ] z }of la:tf/ ; +u } ;a }

ufla;x?df aly{ª ;]G6/ :yfkgf ug] {gLlt nluPsf] 5 .

?s'd lhNnf hl8a'l6sf] k|r'/;+efjgf /x]sf sf/0f pTkfbg, ;+sngtyf yk ahf/Ls/0fsf] nIf lnb} ahf/s]Gb|x?df hl8a'l6 k|zf]wg s]Gb| ;+rfngul/g] 5 . k'a{ zflGt tyf k'gMlgdf{0fdGqL tyf ;efi fb hgfb {g zdf {n ]pb \3 f6g u/ ]s f ] k l/ i fb pb \3f6gsfo{qmddf lhNnf af6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{;efifbx? qmd; u0f]zdfg k'g, bnlhtlzkf{nL, ld7\7' dNn nufot k'a{ dGqLtyf / fHo dGqLx?, lhNnf l:yt/fhg}lts bnsf k|d'v tyf k|ltlgwL tyf;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

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cfo Joo k|:t't ul/Psf] xf] . ;ftfAofkL;+rflnt dxf]T;jdf hDdf ! s/f]8 *nfv ^^ xhf/ $ ;o *^ ?k}Fof sf/f]af/ePsf ] 5 . dxf ] T;a cfof ]hs d 'n;ldltsf dxf;lra ldgaxfb'/ k'g 4f/f;fa{hlgs ul/Psf] cfoJo laj/0f cg';f/h;df %$ nfv #! xhf/ (* ?k}Fof vr{ePsf] 5 eg] ;f]lx cg'kft h:t} %$nfv #% xhf/ # ;o ** ?k}ofF artePsf] 5 . h;df s]lx lalqm gePsfO{6\6f, sn; tyf e'ldbfgsf] /sd o;df;d]l6Psf] 5}g . ;fa{hlgs sfo{qmddf

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k | lti7fgsf] pk;efkltdfk|ldnf s7fot, a;Gt k'gdu/ / s]zgs'df/ If]qLofn, ;lrj dfof af]xf]/f,;x;lrj d]u/fh v8\sf / sf]iffWoIfdf/~hgf ljs /x]sf 5g\ . To:t} ;b:odf;fowg j'9f, u0fl;+x v8\sf, k|]dnfnk'g, lgd{nf zdf{, adaxfb'/ 3lt{ /k|ldnf j'9fdu/ /x]sf] atfO{Psf] 5 .gjlgjf{lrt sfo{;ldltnfO{ cf}krfl/ssfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L cfO{taf/k|df0f kq ljt/0f ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 .dfgj clwsf/ ;DjGwL Ps lbg ]cfwf/e't k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;lxtsf]pQm k|df0fkq lat/0f ug]{ sfo{qmdsf]cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] .

sfo {qmddf lgldQ k |d 'vlhNnf clwsf/L g/]Gb |s'df/ /f0ffsf]k|d'v cfltYotf / /fli6|o dfgj clwsf/k|lti7fgsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ljgf]bs'df/>]i7sf] ljif]z cfltYotf /x]sf] lyof] .

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u/]sf] xf] . ;ldltsf] dxf;lrj u0f]zl;kf{nL, ;lrj hgs ljs, sf]iffWoIf lrgfljs / ;xsf]iffWoIf cl:dtf ljs /x]sLl5g . To:t} ;b:ox?df lw/fhg ljs,ls/0fjfj' /;fO{nL, sNkgf ;'gf/ / /l~htljs rog ePsf ] gaul7t ;d'xsfdxf;lra lzkf{nLn] hfgsf/L lbP . pgsfcg';f/ % ;b:oLo ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt ;d]trog ul/Psf ] 5 . gjul7t sfo{;ldltsf] klxnf] a}7sn] a}7sn] lhNnfljsf; ;ldlt cGt/ut blnt ;dGjo;ldltsf] blnt nlIft ah]6af6 Ifdtfcg';f/sf] sfdsf] lhDj ]jf/Lsf nfuL

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?s'd]nL blnt kqsf/sf] xslxtdf s]lxug{ g;lsg] b]lvPkl5 cfkm'x?n] ;femfblnt kqsf/x?sf] ;d'xsf ?kdf gofFu7g ul/Psf] atfP .

ptf d~rsf cWoIf bb]nn]d~rdf cfa4 s]lx ;fyLx? aflx/ uP/csf]{ gofF ;d'x u7g ug'{sf] s'g} t's /cy{ g/fVg] bfaL u/] . …s]lx AolQmx?sf]of] ;fdfGo ;d'xn] d~rnfO{ s'g} ;d:ofgx'g] eGb} ?s'd]nL blnt kqsf/x?sf]g ]t [ Tj / xslxtsf kIfdf d~r g}cflwsfl/s / g]t[TjbfoL xf]Ú d~rsfcWoIf bb]nn] eg] .

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Pdfcf ]j fbL nufPtsfqmflGtsf/L zlQmx? olta]nf cfj]u ;+j]udfcfpg s'g} h?/L 5}g . ;fFRrLs} hgtfsf]Ph]08f af]Sg]x?n] slxNo} xfb}{gg\ eGg] oyf{tklg dfcf]jfbLn] e'Ng' x'b}g . h;/L hgtfsf]Ph]08f af]s]s} sf/0f kl5Nnf] r/0fdf ef/tsf] lbNnL ljwfg ;efdf emf8'jfn g]tfsf]pbo eof] To;/L ef/t dfq xf]O{g g]kfndfklg ;af{lws rrf{sf kfq s]h/Ljfn ePsf5g . pgsf] rrf{;Fu} sf7df08f}df g/]Gb| df]bLsf]gfd cf]em]n k/]sf] 5 . s]h/Ljfnsf] cfdcfb\dL kf6L{sf] lhtsf] ;fydf gofF lbNnLsfhgtfn] jf:ted} blIf0f Pl;ofsf hgtf cfd'nkl/jt{gsf ef]sf 5g eGg] dxTjk'0f{ ;Gb]zklg lbPsf 5g\ . !% jif{;DDf nuftf/ sf+u|];cfO{sf] emF'6/ e|dsf] /fhgLlt / df]bLsf] 5f]6f];dosf] hflt / wd{sf] /fhgLltnfO{ lbNnLsfhgtfn] 7'nf] ;hfo lbPsf 5g\ . lbNnLsf]ljwfg;efsf] dt glthfn] blIf0f Pl;ofsfhgtfnfO{ l56f] eGbf l56f] kl/jt{g rflxPsf]5 eGg] klg ;Gb]z lbPsf 5g\ . ljsf; /kl/jt{gsf nfuL w]/} ;do w}o{ ug]{ Ifdtf /rfxgf oL If]qsf hgtfsf] klg 5}g eGg]s'/f a'em\g g]kfnnfO{ klg TolQs} cfaZos5 . ;g\ @)!# sf] ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdfhDdf @* l;6df ljho xfFl;n u/]sf] cfdcfb\dL kf6L{ hDdf $( lbg ;/sf/df /x]sf]lyof] . Tolta]nf * :yfg lht]sf] ef/ltosfFu|];sf] ;fydf Psn ;/sf/ agfPsf] cfdcfb\dLn] rlr{t nf]skfn ljw]osdf sf+u|];n];fy glbPsf] eGb} $( lbgdf ;/sf/ Tofuu/]sf] lyof] . ;f] lqmofsnfkn] s]h/Ljfnn]lgs} cfnf]rgf v]Kg' k/]sf] lyof] . To:t}hgtfsf] kIfdf dxTkk'0f{ sfo{ ub]{ cfPsf]u0ftGq :yfkgf kl5sf] klxnf] ;/sf/sfk|wfgdGqL k'iksdn bfxfnn] klg gful/s;af]{Rrtf of ;}lgs ;af]{Rrtf elg dxTjk'0f{ljifosf] p7fg u/]s} x'g t/ u[xdGqL tyfpkk|wfg dGqLsf] lhDd]jf/L ;d]t ;Dxfn]sf]Pdfn]n] ;fy lbg] elg wf]sf lbof] .

t/ ljifo a:t' ;lx x'bfFx'b} klgk|r08\n] xfg'{kof]{ / g}ltstfsf] cfwf/df ;/sf/ 5f]8\g' kg]{ eof] . ;/sf/ rnfpg g;s]//fhLgfdf lbPsf] elg 7'nf] cfnf]rgf k|r08/ Pdfcf ]j fbLn ] v]Kg ' kof ] { . ef/tdfs]h/Ljfnn] Tof] cfnf]rgfnfO{ dfkmL dfUb}hgtfsf] ljrdf ;/sf/ Tofu ug' {sfsf/0fx?sf] hjfkm lbP . @)!$ df ePsf]nf]s;efsf] lgjf{rgdf xf/ rfVbf s] cacfd cfb\dL kf6L{sf] ktg ePsf] xf] t eGg]]k|Zg ;a{q p7]s} xf] . o:tf] a'emfO{sf] laraf6lbNnLsf] Oltxf;df cfd cfb\dL kf6L{n] hgtfcem} klg cfd cfb\dLsf] zfif0fsf] Aou|k|ltIffdf lyP eGg] hjfkm lah]kL / cfO{sfu|];nfO{ lbPsf 5g\ . w]/}n] b]v]sf] c;Deak'/f eof], lah]kL xfof]{ . cfd cfb\dLn] lhTof],of] s]h/Ljfnsf] 7'nf] ;kmntf xf] . To:t}g]kfndf klg 1fg]Gb| zfxsf] zfifg ;QfnfO{

hgo'4 / )^@,)^# sf] hgcfGbf]ngn] h/}b]vL pv]n]/ k\mofSof], @)^$ ;fndf ePsf]klxnf] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 @ ;o %) aif{ b]vLhgtfnfO{ /}lt 7fGg] /fhtGqsf dltof/x?nfO{lsgf/f nufO{lbof] . lt dltof/x? Pdfn]dfklg lyP, sfu|];df klg lyP . !) jif]{ hgo'4u/]/ pbfPsf] qmflGtsf/L gFof zlQmsf] ?kdfb]zdf pbfof] . hgtfn] dt lbP/ klxnf]kf6L{ agfP/ cg'df]bg klg u/] . / ;a} lt/ca s]lx kl/jt{g x'G5 eGg]df ljZj:y lyP .Hfgtfsf] cg'df]bg kfPkl5 klg ;/sf/ u7gdfk|r08n] 7'nf] ca/f]w a]xf] {g' kof]{, nfdf] ;do;Ddklg r'gfjL ;/sf/sf] g]Q[Tj u/]sf k|wfgdGqLlu/Lhfk|zfb sf]O{/fnfn] /fhLgfdf lbPgg\ .s]lx dlxgf kl5 k|r08n] ;Qfsf] afu8f]/;DxfNg t k'u] t/ k|r08\sf] afu8f]/ ( dlxgfeGbf al9 ;do l6Sg ;s]g . ;f] afu8f]/l6sf]; klg t s;/L lxhf] b]vL 5n5fd /lgs} lts8\d ;+;lbo /fhgLlt u/]sf sfu|];Pdfn] ;fd' e'ldut /fhlgtL u/]/ cfPsf] hf]sf]xLnfO{ klg ufx|f] g} lyof] / 5 klg .;+;lbo Aoa:yfdf leq x'G5 eg]/ aflx/ x'Fb}g,aflx/ x'G5 eg]/ leq x'b}g eg]/ eGg hfGg'kb{5, of] s'/f k|r08 afa'/fdn] ;dodf a'em]gg\. cflv/ s6'jfn k|s/0fdf olx ePsf] xf] .@)$^ ;fn b]vL @)^@ ;fn ;Ddsf] o:t}kmf]xf]/L ;+;lbo Aoa:yfdf kmf]Vt eO{;s]sfPdfn] sfu+|]; ;Fu OdfGbf/Ltfsf] /fhgLltug{ ufx|f] x'G5 eg]/ Pdfcf]jfbLn] slxNo};f]r]sf] lyPg . hg;]gf / aGb's b'a}sf]cfTd;d{k0f u/] kl5 bfFt em/]sf] af3 eP/x/]s ;jfn / Ph]08fdf cfkm\g} sfo{qmtf ;Fu/ csf]{ lt/ ;+;lbo Aoa:yfsf rt'F/ v]nf8L;Fu k'R5/ n'sfpbfF n'sfpb} ;do 3s]{sf]k |r08 dfcf]jfbLn] yfx} kfPg . n]ssf]lxdlrt'Fjf a]lzFdf embf{ lrt'jfsf] hf]z,hfFu// bf}8 t k'/} lyof] t/ cfkm\g} zl//af6 /f}eml/;s]sf] kQ} ePg .

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o1sf b}lgs sfo{qmdx? Mk|To]s lbg laxfg % ah] b]vL & ah] ;Dd of]u lj1fg lzlj/k|To]s lbg laxfg & ah] b]vL * jh] ;Dd k"hg / * jh] b]lv kf7 k|f/Dek|To]s lbg laxfg !) ah] b]vL $ jh] ;Dd ;+uLtdo syf k|jrg Pj+ emfFsLk|To]s ;fFem cf/tL tyf !))* bLk k|Hjngk|To]s lbg /ftL & ah] b]vL ( ah] ;Dd lxGbL / g]kfnL efifdf syf ehg lst{g emfFsLsnz ofqf kmfu'g @% ut] .o1sf yk sfo{qmdx? M!))* zfnLu|fd -lznf_ eujfgsf] bz{g kl/qmdf ul/g]5 . k|To]s lbg cfsfz bLk k|Hjngul/g]5 .ufO{sf] kl/qmdf ul/ uf}bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 . -ljZjs} ;a}eGbf ;fgL ufO{_;fd'lxs a|taGw / ljjfxsf sfo{qmdx? ug{ ;lsg]5 . nIojtL{ -nfvalQ_ k|Hjng @)&! r}q@ ut]ldlt @)&! kmfu'g @% ut] b]lv @)&! r}q @ ut] ;Dd k|To]s lbg ljxfg !) jh] b]lv $ jh];Dd bfgjL/ x?nfO{ lbg] ;Ddfg sfo{qmd lgDgfg';f/ x'g]5g\ M

?= ! b]vL %)) ;Dd bfgkqdf uf]Ko ?kn] /flvg]5 . ?= %)) b]vL dfly bfg ug] { bftfx?sf nflugubL /l;b pknAw u/fO{g]5 .?= !!)) eGbf dfly bfg ug]{ bftfx?sf nflu ;lrjfnoafd6 ;Ddfg kq k|bfg ul/g]5 . ?= @!))eGbf dfly bfg ug]{ bftfx?sf nflu ;lrjfnoaf6 ;Ddfg–kqsf ;fy /fdgfdL Rofb/n] ;Ddfgul/g]5 .?= %!)) eGbf dfly bfg ug]{ bftfx?sf nflu l;;fsf] k|m]ddf ;Ddfg–kq / /fdgfdL Rofb/n]Jof;lk7af6 ;Ddfg ul/g] 5 .?= !!))) eGbf dfly bfg ug] { bftfx?sf] nflu uf]N8]gsf] k|m]ddf ;Ddfg–kq / /fdgfdL Rofb/;lxtlznfn]vdf gfd n]lvg]5 .?= @!))) eGbf dfly bfg ug]{ bftfx?sf nflu a'§] dfpG6sf] k|m]ddf ;Ddfg–kq /fdgfdL Rofb/;lxt bDktLsf] gfd lznfn]vdf ;dfj]z ul/g]5 . ?= %!))) eGbf dfly bfg ug] { bftfx?sf nfluuf]N8]g a'§] dfpG6sf] k|m]ddf ;Ddfg–kq /fdgfdL Rofb/ ;lxt b'O{ k':t] gfd lznfn]vdf n]lvg'sf

;fy} ;lrjfnoaf6 afhfufhf ;lxt cla/, u'nfa km"ndfnfsf ;fy syf d08kdf N o f O {laz]if ;Ddfg ul/g]5 . ?= ! nfv eGbf dfly bfg ug]{ bftfx?Sf nflu dflysf ;Ddfg ;lxts[lt:tDedf kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:x?sf] gfd c+lst ul/g]5 . ;fy} 3/}af6 afhfufhf ;lxtcla/, u'nfa km"ndfnfsf ;fy syf d08kdf NofO{ laz]if ;Ddfg ul/g]5 .?= % nfv eGbf dfly bfg ug]{ bftfx?sf nflu ;a} ;Ddfgsf ;fy} bftfn] tf]s]sf] JolQmsf]gfdaf6 SofDk;df sf]7fsf] gfdfs/0f ul/g]5 . ?= !! nfv eGbf dfly bfg ug]{ bftfx?sfnflu dflysf ;a} ;Ddfgsf ;fy} bftfn] tf]s]sf] JolQmsf] cw{sbsf] zflns lgdf{0f ug{SofDk; kl/;/df :yn pknAw u/fO{g] 5 .?= @! nfv eGbf dfly bfg ug] { bftfx?sf nflu dflysf ;a} ;Ddfgsf ;fy} bftfn] tf]s]sf]JolQmsf] k"0f{sbsf] zflns lgdf{0f ug{ SofDk; kl/;/df :yn pknAw u/fO{g] 5 . ?= #!nfv eGbf dfly bfg ug]{ bftfx?sf nflu dflysf ;a} ;Ddfgsf ;fy} bftfn] tf]s]sf] gfdaf6k':tsfnosf] gfdfs/0f ul/g]5 .?= %! nfv eGbf dfly bfg ug]{ bfglj/nfO{ dflysf ;a} ;Ddfg ;lxt bfg lz/f]d0fL kbk|bfg ul/g'sf ;fy} bftfn] tf]s]sf] gfdaf6 SofDk; ejgsf] gfdfs/0f ul/g]5 .

?s'd ljhoZj/L hxf/L wfld{s dxf]T;j @)&!d"n cfof]hs ;ldlt, vf]nfufpF, ?s'd

ljz]if M O{R5's bftf lz/f]d0fLn] e"ld bfg / t'nf bfg klgug{ ;Sg'x'g]5 . a|fxd0f ef]hg, k'hg ;fdfu|L, nIo bLksf;fdfu|L, wfg, rfdn, lk7f], t]n, uf];, bfp/f, afF;, 8f]/LaQLx? OTofbL :jLsf/ ul/g]5 . ;Dks{ g+= (*$#$#$%()

Ps gofF cWoogn] >LdtL la/fdL e}/xg]bDktLx?sf ] j }jflxs ;DaGw 6 ' + lug];Defjgf al9 x'g] b]vfPsf] 5 . cWoogcg';f/ :j:Yo >LdtLjfnf bDklt eGbfla/fdL e }/xg] >LdtLjfnf bDkltdf;DaGw ljR5]bsf] ;Defjgf ^ k|ltztn]al9 x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 . >LdtL la/fdLe}/xg] 3/df l8ef];{sf] hf]lvd a9\g]ePklg nf]Ug]sf] v/fa :jf:Yon] eg];DaGw ljR5]bsf ] hf ] lvd ga9fpg]cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 .

cd ] l/sfsf ] Ocf ]jf :6 ]6o'lgel;6L{sf zf]wstf{x?n] ´08} b'Obzs nufP/ u/]sf] cWoogsf qmddf @

xhf/ & ;o ! bDkltx?df zf]w u/]sflyP . ; '?jftdf lnOPsf bDkltdWo]slDtdf Ps hgfsf] pd]/ %! jif{ lyof] .@) jif{sf] cGt/fndf #@ k|ltzt bDkltn]l8ef];{ u/]sf] / @$ k|ltzt dlxnf tyfk'?if ljw'jf jf ljb'/ ag]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .zf]wstf{ 8fS6/ Pd]lnof sf/]s/sf cg';f/>Ldfg >LdtLdWo] >LdtLsf ] v/fa:jf:Yo cj:yf bfDkTo lhjgdf km '6Nofpg] dxTjk'0f{ sf/s tTjsf] ?kdfb]lvPsf] 5 . vf;u/L :jf:yf]krf/df x'g]vr{sf sf/0f a9\g] ljjfbn] bDkltnfO{l8ef];{;Dd k"/fpg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] pgsf]syg 5 . k '?ifx?n] >LdtLaf6 al9

cfly{s Jooef/ k/]sf] dg gk/fpg'sf ;fy}al9 ;]jf ;'lawf ;d]t rfxg] ePsfn]>LdtL la/fdL xF'bf pgLx?df c;Gt'li6sf]:t/ a9 \b5 / o;n ] l8ef ]; {s f ];DefjgfnfO { pRr agfpg] zf]wstf {atfpF5g\ . cgnfO{gva/af6

afUf]Zj/L sDKo'6/ O{lG:6Ro'6, ?s'd;Dks{ kmf]g g+=M (*$%#&@)^(