E3T E fficiency Emerging echnologies Mogul Base LED Lamps

E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies

Mogul Base LED Lampsfor Retrofits

E3T Emerging Technologies Showcase

Leora RadetskyLighting Research Center

Levin NockAerotek Contractor for BPA Energy Efficiency

September 24, 2015

Sponsored by BPA’s E3T Program

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Mogul Base LED Lampsfor Retrofits

E3T Emerging Technologies Showcase

Leora RadetskyLighting Research Center

Levin NockAerotek Contractor for BPA Energy Efficiency

September 24, 2015

Sponsored by BPA’s E3T Program

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BPA markets wholesale electric power andtransmission services in the PacificNorthwest, mostly to public utilities.

HQ in Portland, Oregon

3,100 employees

Founded 1937

E3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging TechnologiesE3TE3T EnergyEfficiencyEmerging Technologies

Average Wattage of HID Lamps in the USA

Most HID Mogul Base Lamps > 175W

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(Adapted from U.S. Department of Energy/Navigant Consulting, 2012. “2010 U.S. Lighting Market Characterization”.)


• HID lamps: 26% of lighting energy; 2% of installed units• LED replacements: strategic energy savings

HID Lamps use 26% of Lighting Energy

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Estimated US Energy Use (2010) by Lamp Type and Sector.(Adapted from U.S. Department of Energy/Navigant Consulting, 2012. “2010 U.S. Lighting Market Characterization”.)


DesignLights Consortium (DLC)

• Lamps• Screw-in power• NOT listed (yet?)

• Retrofit Kits• Hard-wired power• Listed

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http://www.acuitybrandslighting.com/library/ll/documents/otherdocuments/kad-led%20luminaire%20&%20retrofit%20door%20brochure.pdf


DesignLights Consortium

Are mogul lamps the next TLEDs?(4-foot Tubular LED)

• Popular with end users, market growing• Broad range of quality• Questions about safety• When DLC sets a high bar, new products improve

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DLC technical requirements are applicable to “new” products (not existing installations)


NVLAP-accreditedtesting laboratory

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30,000 sq. ft. nearRensselaer campus

Research & educationrevenue = $6 M/year

40-60 concurrentprojects in field & lab

Advancing the effective use of light,thereby creating a positive legacyfor society and the environment.

34 full-time faculty & staff,15 graduate students


Timeline

2014 2015Market ResearchProducts PurchasedLab TestsTest ReportsPresentations

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Lamp Bases:1.5” Mogul is larger than 1” Medium

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1.0 inches

Medium


• Purchased Spring and Summer 2014• Specifier survey March 2014

– 191 non-manufacturer respondents– 30% had experience with mogul base

LED lamps• Applied DLC version 2.1 criteria for

retrofit kits to lamp testing– Hard-wired retrofit kit criteria used;

no lamp spec at that time– Retrofit kit method requires that light

sources (e.g. kits) are tested in a pre-approved, “typical” luminaire

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DLC v 2.1 Retrofit Kit Criteria(Requirements differ by luminaire type)

Min. Light Output 270 – 9000 lm

Min. Efficacy 58-78

Min. CRI 63-68

Max. CCT 6022

Min. Power Factor 0.873

Max. THDi 21

Methods


Survey Results

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Types of mogul base LED lamps evaluated or specified by respondents

Wallpack/Roadway/Area

“Cylinder” post top(decorative streetlight)

High bay / canopy

PAR

Parking garage

Yard light(n = 42)


Methods• 35 mogul base lamps in luminaires

were tested• Six test luminaires (according to DLC

retrofit criteria)• Decorative streetlight• Area light• Cobra head• High bay• Wall pack• *Yard light

(not a covered DLC category,sponsor interest)

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Caveat: Some products may be obsolete


Measured Luminaire Light Output

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% meeting DLC Version 2.1 criterion: 91%

Legend: Light green area pass; white area fail


Photometric Results: CRI(Color Rendering Index)

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Photometric Results: CCT(Correlated Color Temperature)

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Electrical Results: Power Factor

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Electrical Results: THDi(Total Harmonic Distortion in current)

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wikimedia

Luminaire Efficacy


Results: Thermal Protection

Four lamps demonstratedreduced power and lightoutput after being operatedfor some period of time

Measured results are for lowerpower/light operation

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Lamps meet DLC Retrofit Kit Spec?• 35 lamp-luminaire combos, 13 would pass DLC v2.1 (37%)

• 15 failed luminaire efficacy• 3 were unstable (power and/or light output fluctuates too

much to be accurately measured)• 3 failed CCT• 3 yard lights no category, might pass as ‘exterior, other’• No wall pack products passed

• What would pass, if socket power was acceptable• 3 area light (shoebox) and 4 cobra head

– Three lamps were cylindrical, other four lamps were half-cylindrical

• 2 acorn, 1 high bay

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• Good news for persistent energy savings: HID lamps don’t work in convertedsockets.

• 18 MH lamps tested in converted sockets (277 V, bypassed ballast)• 9 non-protected lamps, 9 protected lamps (175W, 250W, 400W)

– Protected lamps have an additional envelope around the arc tube

• 15 lamps failed gracefully, including all protected lamps• 2 (non-protected) lamps shattered• 1 lamp survived

• Preliminary tests suggest installing a “fast-acting” replaceable fuse in eachbypassed luminaire to lower pulse energy by over 90% and prevent non-passive failures in case of snap-back

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ReplacementSafety


Application Efficacy Calculations• Is mogul base LED performance equivalent to HID performance?• Luminaire efficacy does not predict application performance• Luminaire system application efficacy (LSAE) considers energy efficiency of

light delivered to the task plane (light distribution, mounting height,luminaire-task geometry) rather than only considering the lamp or luminaire

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• Tested luminaire intensity distributionsused to simulate applicationperformance at different mountingheights and spacing

• LSAE calculations for: parking lot,streets, warehouse

• Conclusion: Several productspurchased in Spring/ Summer 2014,required closer spacing and/or lowermounting heights than incumbent HIDluminaires (not one-for-onereplacements)

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Application Efficacy CalculationsPower: 100 WMounting height: 10 ftIlluminance: 1 fc

wasted light

Power: 100 WMounting height: 30 ftIlluminance: 0.1 fc

Power: 100 WMounting height: 30 ftIlluminance: 0.1 fc


• LSAE warehouse application– 4 high bay (HB) combinations– Typical aisle simulated in AGi32– Various mounting heights (25 – 40 ft.)

and spacings (10 – 40 ft.) used– IES maintained illuminance levels

and uniformity criteria

• Results– Max. luminaire spacing: 10 – 15 feet– Max. mounting height (MH): 35 feet– LSAE: < 18 lm/W

• Layout had to meet light level and uniformity criteria– Much closer spacing required than typically used

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Warehouse lighting criteria Avg. Illum.(lux)

Avg:Minratio

Hor. Illum floor 100 5:1

Vert. Illum. racks 50 5:1

wastedLight

(light levelstoo high)

Application Efficacy Calculations


• LSAE parking lot application– 4 yard light (YL) combinations– Various mounting heights (MH)

(5-45 ft.) were considered– IES RP-20-98 criteria

• Results– Max. luminaire spacing:

60 x 60 ft. (at 25 ft. MH)– Max. mounting height:

45 ft. (with 50 x 48 ft. pole spacing)– LSAE: up to 33 lm/W (at 10 ft. MH)– Much smaller coverage area than incumbent HPS area lights

• e.g. 150W HPS at 30 ft. MH meets RP-20 criteria with 140 x 110 ft. pole spacing(LSAE = 7 lm/W)

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RP-20-98Parking lot criteria

Min. Illum.(lux)

Max:Minratio

2 20:1

Yard Light Luminaire and Lamp #5



• LSAE roadway application– 5 decorative acorn (AC) combinations– Various mounting heights (MH)

(15-45 ft.) were considered– IES RP-08-00 roadway

lighting criteria for collector roads• Results

– Max. pole spacing: 60 ft.(at 15 ft. MH)

– Max. mounting height: 45 ft.(with 40 ft. pole spacing)

– LSAE: up to 22 lm/W (at 30 ft. MH)– Much shorter pole spacing than those typically used

(50 – 200 ft., 125 ft. on average)

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RP-08-00Roadwaylightingcriteria

Avg.Illum.(lux)

Avg:MinIllum.ratio

Veilingluminance

ratio

9 4:1 0.4

Decorative Acorn Luminaire and Lamp #3



Recent DLC ProposedMogul Base LED Lamp Spec

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• Select one of two proposed qualification paths:1. Omnidirectional, light output is similar in all directions2. Directional lamps have luminaire criteria (similar to

retrofit kit criteria, using pre-approved luminaires)• Same requirements as luminaires of the same type (Version

3.0 technical criteria)• Lamps tested in this project are directional• 35 lamp-luminaire combos, 13 would also pass DLC v3.0

Standard (37%)


Conclusion:A DLC specification could help

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• Most lamps met DLC version 2.1 criteria except for luminaire efficacy– Same results for DLC version 3.0 Standard Performance criteria

• Efficacy and application efficacy: mixed results• Many products were not equivalent to incumbent products in

terms of application performance

• Long term reliability not tested (beyond noticing that some lampsreduce power & light output to 50% when overheated)

• Reports: www.bpa.gov/goto/e3t Current Research SSL Testing

http://www.bpa.gov/EE/Technology/EE-emerging-technologies/Projects-Reports-Archives/Pages/SSL-Testing.aspx

http://www.bpa.gov/goto/e3t

http://www.bpa.gov/EE/Technology/EE-emerging-technologies/Projects-Reports-Archives/Pages/SSL-Testing.aspx


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Questions?

Leora RadetskyResearch ScientistLighting Research CenterRensselaer Polytechnic [email protected]

Levin NockResearch Project ManagerAerotek Contractor for BPA Energy [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



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E3T E fficiency Emerging echnologies Mogul Base LED Lamps