Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
Cyber OPSEC: An F22 Case Study
This presentation is UNCLASSIFIED//OPEN SOURCE
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
Cyber OPSEC: F-22
In Dec 07, a vigilant witness reported on suspicious information on a popular public website about military and civilian aircraft.
The website forums are publicly accessible worldwide and are sorted by topic and aircraft type.
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
Cyber OPSEC: F-22
The F-22 Discussion had over 700 posts and has been read over 68,000 times.
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
Brief F-22 Background
F-22 Raptor is the Air Force’s newest stealth fighter, U.S. only (no foreign sales)
$187 million each including R+D costs It uses many sensitive technologies the U.S. will
seek to protect as long as possible.
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
Introducing F22 Pilot “Dozer”
Dozer is “one heck of a fighter pilot.” “He’s been there and done that.”
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
Now that he’s identified…
His public profile gives his real work email address including his first and last name.
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
More profile information
His picture in a flight suit, F-22 in the background:
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
“New users” come out of the woodwork
Several Internet users created brand new accounts on the website and started posting questions in the F-22 thread.
The questions and answers which follow have not been edited for grammar or spelling. Their English (or lack thereof) is original.
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
The elicitations begin
Questions for Dozer: “That rocks... so is a JHMCS or equivalent going to
be included in the upgrades along with the AIM-9X?”
“With the upgraded air to ground capabilities, will this allow the Raptor to attack mobile/moving targets in addition to autonomously identifying ground targets?”
“Not to second-guess you on the security issue, but are you sure giving out numbers for climb performance is cool?”
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
The elicitations continue
“Great information on this thread! What are your opinions regarding the effectiveness of the 20mm cannon on the F22?”
“It is said that two or three RAF's Eurofighters have been sent to Nellis AFB for some tests and trainings in the recent years, and Raptors have done some exercises with them. Might you like to confirm this information and tell us some details about the result of Raptor versus Typhoon up to now?”
“You mentioned you are moving up north. Where are you heading to?”
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
The elicitations continue
“AWESOME THREAD!!!!!! I have a question. and if it is sensitive, im sure someone will let me know.... but looking at the actuator blister fairings. especially on the vertical inboard fins, that are diamond shaped, how the heck do they move without impacting the skin? on the ailerons, thee appear to be finger seal type dealeos that may flex to accomodate the rotaional movement of the surface, but on the vertical fin, due to the shape of the fairing, i cant see how this is possible.” (Pay attention to the poor English)
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
The elicitations continue
“To Mr. Dozerf22: I have two small questions for Raptor and JSF, and I would be very gratitude if you would like to give me some answers, or some hints, for my questions:
1. According to some posts in other military website, it is said that Raptor nowadays can supercruise with the speed of around Mach 2. Could you make a confirmation or a comment for this declaration?
2. 2. A military document declared that the engine of X-32 had reached the maximal thrust of 52,000 Ib class. Is it really the truth???”
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
The elicitations continue
One senior forum user: “Waaaay too many spies on this forum.”
“Dozer, I wonder if you know anything about a proposed upgrade to give the F-22 a IRST/FLIR system? I read something about it but I think it got cancelled?”
“I just want to know if that was the fastest pitch the Raptor can achieve.”
“Colonel, congrats on your selection as the first F-22A Commander at Elmendorf.”
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
The elicitations continue
“Back then you only had seven pilots? So was the number of pilots cut from the original number as shown in this picture or was there some adjustment?”
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
The elicitations continue
“If the Raptor was to carry external stores for example would it loose its ability to supercruise straight away? Or would it just decrease its max SC speed and range. Lets say its carrying 6AIM 120's and 2AIM 9's internally, and say it carried 2/4 AIM 120's on its wing pylons, would it still retain some SC ability?”
“Dozer does the Raptor use its TVC for supersonic manouverability? Like for sustained supersonic turns?”
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
The elicitations continue
“Sorry one more question. Also can you comment on the 'expert' estimations that claim the actual thrust developed by the Raptor is in the 39000lb-40000lb thrust class per engine?When flying against F-16s/F-15s in mock aerial-combat, do they use some kind of Infra-Red Search and Track system? Has the Raptor been tested against these systems? Do you feel confident the IR suppression of the aircraft will help retain its stealthy ability even against advanced systems? I am writing a report for my university application on the 'need for the Raptor'.”
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
And my favorite…
“Dozer, what does this picture show?”
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
Dozer responds to questions
“No they aren't modified, and they have the older generation radar. The AK and beyond tails (although Langley does have 3 Lot 5 tails) are the ones with the next generation radar”
“Typically if you show up at a unit and you're fully qualified and current, say a Langley pilot showing up to Elmendorf, then you get a local area orientation sortie and you're off to the races.”
“2 things - bleed & bypass doors, different places. The doors up front on top of the inlets are gone. The doors over the mid-section of the fuselage are still there and will remain. They are not used for extra airflow into the engine.”
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
Dozer responds…
“90th ~ April, 525 ~end of the same month. We'll be fully equipped end of the year.”
“Those weight numbers are wrong, haven't looked at the site myself.”
“The pace for us will really pick up in August, both a/c & pilots.”
“Langley has about 5 or 6 AK tails at the moment (they get a few more every month), 2 are here for mx training, which includes flying them a little, part of their training is how to launch, load, refuel, download mx data, fix things that break, etc”
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
Dozer responds…
“The lot 5 a/c do have increased capability, however, we do have to wait on the software to catch up for increment 2, we'll get that soon but we don't have it yet.”
“Obviously we must open the SWB doors to fire an AIM 9.”
“From what I gather its due to our inability to be able to fly guys enough to get them to that magic 500 hour number anymore in a first assignment.”
“I've seen the burners light off a few seconds apart quite often, dual FADEC's per engine, each motor's in its own little world not talking to the other one.”
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
Dozer responds…
“I think the fuel numbers are not classified…” “The F-22 is not sitting alert in Alaska, however, we
occasionally pulled a very tiny amount of alert at Langley, more to prove we could than anything. I would imagine someday it'll happen but not yet. The Eagles are still doing that duty and it does seem the Russians are quite busy these days.”
“Lots of discussions going on about A/G and capabilities at sea, unfortunately again, this gets into areas I really don't want to discuss right now until things become open source.”
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
Dozer responds…
“I would be hesitant to call me an expert in anything, but the ‘areas’ I was responsible for were in fact the Radar, and BFM (or the visual dogfighting). Radar made sense because I'd taught F-15 radar for several years at the weapons school and a radar is a radar, same physics.”
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
Put his name in Google…
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
Open source research
"I remember being at the Academy and thinking to myself 'That would be awesome," said Lt. Col. (Dozer), recently named commander of the "Ready Elmendorf" detachment.
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
Open source research
"The airplane has a lot of excess power—more thrust than it weighs, depending on how much fuel is on board," says Lt. Col. _______ (Dozer)_________, the only F-22 demo pilot in the Air Force.
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
What we found on Dozer, Open Source
Rank, first and last name Pictures Duty history, deployments, combat experience Radar system and dogfighting expertise Political preferences Hometown Hobbies High school teachers’ names Educational history, Air Force Academy grad He may have an ego vulnerability
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
What we learned about the F-22s
Aircraft lot numbers at different bases Confirmed and denied performance rumors Vulnerabilities, software glitches Issues with thrust vectoring What specific doors and flaps do Fuel figures and weight impact on performance Weapons systems operational details Compatible missile systems Status of radar upgrades
E y e s o f t h e E a g l e
Do you know who is watching?
Questions?
