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ABSTRACT
E-paper is a revolutionary material that can be used to make next generationelectronic displays. It is portable reusable storage and display medium that look like paper
but can be repeatedly written one thousands of times. These displays make the beginning
of a new area for battery power information applications such as cell phones, pagers,
watches and hand -held computers etc.
Two companies are carrying our pioneering works in the field of development
of electronic ink and both have developed ingenious methods to produce electronic ink.
O ne is E- ink, a company based at ambridge, in !.".#. The other company is $eroxdoing research work at the $erox%s &alo #lto 'esearch entre. (oth technologies being
developed commercially for electronically co nfigurable paper like displays rely on
microscopic beads that change color in response to the charges on nearby electrodes.
To build e-paper, several different technologies exist, some using plastic substrate
and electronics so that the display is flexible. E-paper or electronics ink display
technology designed to mimic the appearance of ordinary ink on paper. !nlike a
conventional flat panel display, which uses a back light to illuminate its pixels,
electronic paper reflects light like ordinary paper and is capable of holding text and
images indefinitely without drawing electricity, while allowing the image to be change
later.
)ike traditional paper, E-paper must be lightweight, flexible, glare free and low
cost. 'esearch found that in *ust few years this technology could replace paper in many
situations and leading us ink a truly paperless world.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
+. IT'O!TIO +
+.+ istory /
/. TEO)O01 !"E
/.+ 0yricon
2
2
/./ Electrophoretic 2
/.2 Electrowetting 3
/.4 Electrofluid ic 5
2. 6E1 (E,I7IT"
2.+ &aper-like 'eadability
8
8
2./ !ltra-)ow &ower onsumption +9
2.2 Thin, )ight 7orm 7actor +9
2.4 The !ltimate :obile isplay "olution +9
2.; Twistable ++
2.3 "imple manufacturing process ++
4. I0)I0T" O7 E)ET'OI I,6 +/
;. I"#
>. O,)!"IO, +8
(I()IO0'#&1 /9
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E-Paper Technology +
Dept. of Information WH Engineering
1. INTRODUCTION
Today%s electronic displays have ever more evolved to be more lightweight,
efficient and clear. 1et the importance of the paper has not diminished. =e still prefer it to
others for a variety of reasons including its readability, high contrast, convenient h
andling, minimum power re?uirement cost and strain less reading it offers. #t the
same time, an electronic display offers us a paperless environment and relieves us from
carrying loads of paper for referring to information when re?uired.
Electronic ink is a pioneering invention that combines all the desired features of a
modern electronic display and the sheer convenience and physical versatility of sheet
of paper. E-paper or electronic paper is sometimes called radio paper or smart paper.
&aper would be perfect except for one obvious thing@ printed words can%t change. The effort
is to create a dynamic high-resolution electronic display that%s thin and flexible enough to
become the next generation of paper.
The technology has been identified and develop ed is well under way. =ithin
five years, it is envisioned electronic books that can display volumes of information aseasily as flipping a page and permanent newspapers that update themselves daily via
wireless broadcast. They deliver the readability of paper under virtually any
condition, without backlighting. #nd electronic ink displays are persistent without
power, drawing current only when they change, which means batteries can be smaller and
last longer.
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E-Paper Technology /
1.1 History
Electronic paper was first developed in the +859s by ick " heridon at $eroxAs
&alo #lto 'esearch center. The first electronic paper, called 0yricon, consisted of tiny,
statically charged balls that were black o n one side and white on the other. The BtextB of
the paper was altered by the presence of an electric field, which turned the balls up or
down.
In the +889s another type of electronic paper was invented by C o s e p h C ac ob s o n ,
who later co- founded the corporation E I n k which formed a partnership with & h ili ps
o m p o n e n ts two years later to develop and market the technology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Jacobsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Jacobsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_Inkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philips_Components&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philips_Components&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Jacobsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Jacobsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_Inkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philips_Components&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philips_Components&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990s7/27/2019 E-paper Project
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E-Paper Technology 2
2. TECHNOLOGY USED
2.1 GyriconElectronic paper was first developed in the +859s by ick " heridon at $ e r o x %s
& a lo # lto ' e s ea r c h e n t e r. The first electronic paper, called 0 y r ic o n , consisted of
polyethylene spheres between 5; and +93 micrometers across. Each sphere is a C a n u s
p a r t ic le composed of negatively charged black plastic on one side and positively
charged white plastic on the otherDeach bead is thus a dipole. The spheres are embedded
in a transparent silicone sheet, with each sphere suspended in a bubble of oil so that they
can rotate freely. The polarity of the voltage applied to each pair of electrodes thendetermines whether the white or black side is face- up, thus giving the pixel a white or
black appearance. #t the 7& /99> e xhibition, Capanese company "oken has
demonstrated a wall with electronic wall-paper using this technology
2.2 Electro!oretic
#n electrophoretic display forms visible images by rearranging charged pigment
particles using an applied e lec tr ic f ie ld .
7ig-/.+@ (asic "cheme of an Electrophoretic isplay
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Xeroxhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Xeroxhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Xerox_PARChttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Xerox_PARChttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Gyriconhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Gyriconhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Janus_particlehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Janus_particlehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Electric_fieldhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Xeroxhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Xerox_PARChttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Gyriconhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Janus_particlehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Janus_particlehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Electric_field7/27/2019 E-paper Project
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E-Paper Technology 4
In the simplest implementation of an electrophoretic display,
t it a n ium d io x ide particles approximately one micrometer in diameter are dispersed in a
hydrocarbon oil. # dark-colored dye is also added to the oil, along withs u r f ac ta n ts and c h a r g ing a g e n ts that cause the particles to take on an electric charge. This
mixture is placed between two parallel, conductive plates separated by a gap of +9 to +99
mi c r o m e te r s . =hen a voltage is applied across the two plates, the particles will migrate
e lec t r o p h o r e t ic a ll y to the plate bearing the opposite charge from that on the particles.
=hen the particles are located at the front Dviewing side of the display, it appears white,
because light is scattered back to the viewer by the high- index titanium particles. =hen
the particles are located at the rear side of the display, it appears dark, because theincident light is absorbed by the colored dye. If the rear electrode is divided into a
number of small picture elements Dp ix e ls , then an image can be formed by app lying the
appropriate voltage to each region of the d isplay to create a pattern of reflecting and
absorbing regions.
Electrophoretic displays are considered prime examples of the electronic paper
category, because of their paper- like appearance and low power consumption.
Electrophoretic displays can be manufactured using the E le c tr o n ic s o n & la s t ic
b y ) a s e r ' e lea s e D E & ) a ' process developed by & h il ips ' e s e a r c h to enable existing
# : - ) D#ctive matrix li?uid crystal display manufacturing plants to create flexible
plastic displays.
2.2.1. E le c t r o n ic s o n " l# s t ic $y L # s e r R e le # s e % E " L # R & '
Electronics on & lastic by )aser 'elease DE&)a' is a method for
manufacturing flexible electrophoretic display using conventional # : - )
manufacturing e?uipment avoiding the need to build new factories. The technology can
also be used to manufacture flexible O )E DOrganic )E displays using standard O
)E fabricat ion facilities.
The technology was developed by & h ili p s ' e s e a r c h and uses standard display glass
as used in T 7 T - ) processing plants. It is coated with a layer of polyimide
using a standard s p in - c o a t ing procedure used in the production of #:-) displays.
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Titanium_dioxidehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Surfactanthttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/w/index.php?title=Charging_agent&action=edit&redlink=1http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Micrometrehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Electrophoresishttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Pixelshttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Philipshttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/AM-LCDhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM-LCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM-LCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLEDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFT-LCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin-coatinghttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Titanium_dioxidehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Surfactanthttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/w/index.php?title=Charging_agent&action=edit&redlink=1http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Micrometrehttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Electrophoresishttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Pixelshttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/Philipshttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/AM-LCDhttp://webcache.googleusercontent.com/wiki/EPLaRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM-LCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM-LCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLEDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFT-LCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin-coating7/27/2019 E-paper Project
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Dept. of Information WH Engineering
E-Paper Technology ;This polymide coating can now have a regular T7 T matrix formed on top of it in a
standard T7 T processing
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E-Paper Technology 3
plant to form the plastic display, which can then be removed using a laser to finish the
display and the glass reused thus lowering the total cost of manufacture.
2.2.2 De(elo)ent in Electro!oretic Disl#y'
In the +889s another type of electronic paper was invented by C o s e p h C ac ob s o n ,
who later co- founded theE I n k o r po r a t io n which formed a partnership with
& h il ips o m p o n e n ts two years later to develop and market the technology. In /99;, &
hilips sold the electronic paper business as well as its related patents to &rime
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E-Paper Technology 5
The particles are slightly negative ly c h a r g e d , and each one is naturally
white. The microcapsules are held in a layer of li ? u id p o ly m e r , sandwiched between two
arrays of electrodes, the upper of which is made transparent. The two arrays are alignedso that the sheet is divided into pixels, which each pixel corresponding to a pair of
electrodes situated either s ide of the sheet. The sheet is laminated with transparent
plastic for protection, resulting in an overall thickness of >9 micrometers, or twice
that of ordinary paper. The network of electrodes is connected to display circuitry, which
turns the electronic ink %on% and
%off% at specific pixels by applying a voltage to specific pairs of electrodes. #pplyinga
negative charge to the surface electrode repels the particles to the bottom of local
capsules, forcing the black dye to the surface and giving the pixel a black appearance.
'eversing the voltage has the opposite effect - the particles are forced from the surface,
giving the pixel a white appearance. # more recent incarnation of this concept re?uires
only one layer of electrodes benea th the microcapsules.
2.* Electro+ettin,
Electro-wetting display DE= is based on controlling the shape of a
confined waterFoil interface by an applied voltage. =ith no voltage applied, the Dcoloured
oil forms a flat film between the water and a hydrophobic Dwater-repellent, insulating
coating of an electrode, resulting in a coloured pixel.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid7/27/2019 E-paper Project
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E-Paper Technology >7ig-/.2@ #ppearance of pixels seen from transparent electrode layer
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E-Paper Technology 8
=hen a voltage is applied between the electrode and the water, the interfacial
tension between the water and the coating changes. #s a result the stacked state is no
longer stable, causing the water to move the oil aside.
This results in a partly transparent pixel, or, in case a reflective white surface is used
under the switchable element, a white pixel. (ecause of the small siGe of the p ixel, the
user only experiences the average reflection, which means that a high-brightness, high-
contrast switchable element is obtained, which forms the basis of the reflective display.
isplays based on e le c tr o - w e tt ing have several attractive features. The
switching between white and coloured reflection is fast enough to display video content.
It is a low-power and low- voltage technology, and displays based on the effect can
be made flat and thin. The reflectivity and contrast are better or e?ual to those of other
reflective display types and are approaching those of paper. In addition, the technology
offers a uni?ue path toward high-brightness full-colour displays, leading to displays
that are four times brighter than reflective ) s and twice as bright as other emerging
technologies.
Instead of using red, green and blue D'0( filters or alternating segments of the
three primary colours, which effectively result in only one third of the display reflecting
light in the desired colour, electro-wetting allows for a system in which one sub-pixel is
able to switch two d ifferent colours independently. This results in the availability of
two thirds of the display area to reflect light in any desired colour. This is achieved by
building up a pixel with a stack of two independently controllable coloured oil films plus a
colour filter.
2.-
Electrol/i0ic
E le c tr o f lu id ic d is p la y s are a variation of an electrowetting display.
Electrofluidic displays place an a?ueous pigment dispersion inside a tiny reservoir. The
reservoir comprises
H;-+9 of the viewable pixel area and therefore the pigment is substantially hidden
fromview.
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Dept. of Information WH Engineering
E-Paper Technology +9spread it as a film directly behind the viewing substrate. #s a result, the display takes on
color and brightness similar to that of conventional pigments printed on paper. =
hen voltage is removed li?uid surface tension causes the pigment dispersion to rapidly
recoil into the
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E-Paper Technology ++
reservoir. #s reported in the :ay /998 Issue of ature & hotonics, the technology
can potentially provide J>; white state reflectance for electronic paper.
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E-Paper Technology +/
*. EY BENEFITS
E-&aper has numerous benefits. The reader does not need to get used to a newformat
- reading an E-&aper e?uals reading a printed newspaper. owever, E-&aper
guarantees independency regarding room and time. E-&aper can be read everywhere in
the world, at every hour, and since digital editions can also be received on & #s
and smart phones, mobility is almost limitless. #dditionally, E-&aper saves resources.
On the one hand, paper and space are saved - because E-&aper does not pile upanywhere - on the other hand, valuable time is saved. " ince the complete pages are
displayed on the & monitor, one instantly gets an overview over all headlines and thus
gets to the relevant articles a lot faster
!nlike conventional )% s and other kinds of reflective displays, an electronic
ink display is exceptionally bright and is ready viewable under both bright and dim
lighting conditions. To be more assertive we could compare e lectronic ink display
with the latest li?uid crystal displays.
Table 2.+@ omparison of E- ink K )
Electronic ink display )i?uid rystal isplays
=ide viewing angle (est image only from one position
(lack on paper white 0ray on gray
'eadable in sunlight an be difficult to see
olds image without power dra in 'e?uired power to hold images
)egible under most lighting conditions Often re?uires backlight
&lastic or glass 0lass only
)ight =eight &ower supply and glass make )srelatively heavy
Thin DL+ mm Thick DL5 mm
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E-Paper Technology +2
*.1 "#erli3e Re#0#$ility
&aper is easily readable over wide variat ions in lighting conditions and viewing
angle. E Ink%s electronic ink technology approaches printed paper in performance by
incorporating the same coloring pigments often used to make paper white and ink black.
=hen reading text, both reflectance and contrast are important factors in determining
the readability of a display. In fact, the contrast of E Ink is nearly twice that of printed
newspaper. #s can be seen from its high reflectance and contrast the E Ink display is
much more readable than ) .
The bright paper-white background of electronic ink eliminates the need for a backlightis most conditions.
*.2 Ultr#Lo+ "o+er Cons/)tion
Electronic ink displays offer greatly reduced power consumption. )ower power
consumption translates to longer battery life, and perhaps more importantly, the ability to
use smaller batteries in electronic ink devices- reducing device weight and cost. Thereason for the reduced power consumption offered by electronic ink d isplays is two- fold@
D+ they are
completely reflective re?uiring no backlight and D/ they are inherently bi-stable for
extended periods of time. Once an image is written on an electronic ink display, it will be
retained without additional power input until the next image is written. ence the power
consumption of an electronic ink display will ultimately depend upon the fre?uency at
which the displayed image is changed. owever, in both cases, a reduction in powerconsumption by several orders of magnitude can be achieved by using electronic ink with
its bi-stable imaging.
*.* T!in4 Li,!t For) F#ctor
#n electronic ink display module is thinner, lighter weight, and more robust than
conventional ) %s. These benefits are especially important in smart handheld
applications where portability is paramount. 7 irst generation, electronic ink displays will
be b ut by laminating electronic ink to a conventional glass T7 T substrate In addition, no
polariGes are re?uired for electronic ink displays. The resulting electronic ink display cell
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E-Paper Technology +4is also about half
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E-Paper Technology +;
that of a typica l ) cell. Elimination of the glass top sheet means that displays made
with an electronic ink display module should be inherently more robust.
*.- T!e Ulti)#te 5o$ile Disl#y Sol/tion
&aper-like viewing characteristics and appearance, combined with ultra- low power
consumption and thin light form factors, make E ink%s electronic ink display material the
ideal technology solution for information intensive, handheld devices such as & #s,
mobile
phones and electronic readersM or any applications re?uiring a high degree of display
legibility.
*.6 T+ist#$le
Electronic &aper is made using soft plastic containing small particles and fluid.
#s there is no hard material, Electronic &aper is highly flexible and it is able to be
twisted or bended into different curvatures. The Electronic &aper can be applied to
different shapes of products, without being limited to being bonded to flat display
panels. The end product becomes more imaginative in shape and style.
*.7 Si)le 5#n/#ct/rin, "rocess
The manufacturing process is carried out using a roll- to-roll method, similar to
printing paper, by in*ecting die lectr ic fluid and charged particles into the layer of
capsules, and then sealing the top layer. The production is performed continuously at
high speed. The
Electronic &aper can be produced in a large for m and then cut into any desired siGe and
shapefor different application re?uirements.
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E-Paper Technology +3
-.HIGHLIGHTS OF ELECTRONIC IN1
Electronic ink moves information display to a new dynamic level, with
dramatic benefits over traditional media.
"uperior )ook - (ecause it%s made from the same basic materials as regular ink
and paper, electronic ink retains the superior viewing characteristics of paper,
including high contrast, wide viewing angle, and bright paper-white background.
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E-Paper Technology +5
6. DISAD8ANTAGES
Electronic paper technologies have a very low refresh rate comparing with other
low- power display technologies, such as ). This prevents producers from
implementing sophisticated interactive applications Dusing fast moving menus, mouse
pointers or scroll ing like those which are possible on h a n d h e ld c o m p u te r s . #n example
of this limitation is that a document cannot be smoothly Goomed without either extreme
blurring durin g the transition or a very slow Goom.
#nother limitation is that an imprint of an image may be visible after refreshing
parts of the screen. Those imprints are known as Bghost imagesB, and the effect is
known as BghostingB. This effect is reminiscent of s c r e e n bu r n - in but, unlike it, is
solved after the screen is refreshed several times. Turning every pixel white, then black,
then white, helps normaliGe the contrast of the pixels. This is why several devices with
this technology BflashB the entire screen white and black when loading a new image, in
order to prevent ghosting from happening.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handheld_computershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_burn-inhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handheld_computershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_burn-in7/27/2019 E-paper Project
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E-Paper Technology +>
7. A""LICATIONS
Electronic &aper behaves similarly to conventional paper, a llowing high
readability under low or high light conditions, and being thin and lightweight and
fully pliable. In addition, Electronic &aper has the advantage of allowing the content to
be changed easily at any time via the Electronic &aper driver I. Electronic &aper will
provide a viable substitute to paper in certain areas. "ome examples of Electronic
&aper applications are described below.
7.1 Electronic S!el L#$el
In a large department store or supermarket, there are many price tag labels on the
shelves indicating product price. =henever there is a change of price information, it is
very tedious to change the price tags individually. (y replacing the paper price tag with
Electronic &aper, the price information can be easily updated once the Electronic &aper
price tags are connected via a wire less network.
7ig-3.+@ Electronic &aper used in &rice Tag #pplication
The Electronic &aper price tag re?uires no battery power to maintain display
and prices can be updated using the energy from the '7 wave to change the image content.
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E-Paper Technology +8
7.2 Electronic 9#tc! #n0 Cloc3
=atch and clock designs can become more imaginative using Electronic &aper.
7ig-3./@ Electronic &aper =atch and (endable :odule
7or example, a watch using Electronic &aper will allow time and image to be displayedon the wrist strap of the watch.
7.* e2Boo3s
In /994 " o ny released) ib r iN E ( ' - +999 E & in Capan, the first e-book reader with
an electronic paper display. In ovember /993, the i' e x i) ia d was ready for the
consumer market. In ovember /998 (arnes and oble launched the ( a r n e s K o b le
oo k ,based on the # n d r o id op e r a t ing s y s te m .
In late /995, #maGon began producing and marketing the # m a G o n 6 in d le ,an e-
book reader with an e-paper display.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_LIBRI%C3%A9_EBR-1000EPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_LIBRI%C3%A9_EBR-1000EPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRex_iLiadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble_Nookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble_Nookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble_Nookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Kindlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_LIBRI%C3%A9_EBR-1000EPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRex_iLiadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble_Nookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble_Nookhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Kindle7/27/2019 E-paper Project
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E-Paper Technology /9
7ig-3.2@ "ony e-(ook reader
7.- S)#rt C#r0 Disl#y
Today, many credit cards contain a smart card to store information such as
accumulated credit and money expenses etc. " ince Electronic &aper has the advantage
of lower power consumption and is as flexible as the card, it offers a good solution to
displaying this type of information on the card.
7.6 Ne+s#ers
In 7ebruary /993, the 7 le mi s h daily e T i* d distributed an electronic version ofthe paper to select subscribers in a limited marketing study, using a pre-release
version of the i' e x i) ia d . This was the first recorded application of electronic ink
to newspaper publishing.
In "eptember /995, the 7 r e n c h daily ) e s c h os announced the official launch of
an electronic version of the paper on a subscription basis.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flandershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Tijdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRex_iLiadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_%C3%89chos_(France)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flandershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Tijdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRex_iLiadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_%C3%89chos_(France)7/27/2019 E-paper Project
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E-Paper Technology /+
"ince Canuary /99>, the u tc h daily ' a n d e ls b la d is distributed for the
i' e x i) ia d reader.
7ig-3.4@ Electronic
newspaper
7.7 Ot!er
"ro0/cts
E- Ink unveiled its first product using electronic ink- immediate large-area displays-in
+888. These large signs draw only 9.+ watts of power, which means that the same powerre?uired running a single +99-watt light bulb, could power +,999 immediate signs. E Ink
said that in electronic devices, electronic ink would use ;9 to +99 t imes power than
li?uid crystal displays because electronic ink only needs power when changing its
display. Electronic ink can be printed on any surface, including walls, billboards,
product labels and T-shirts. omeowners could soon be able to instantly change their
digital wallpaper by sending a signal to the electronic ink painted on their walls.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRC_Handelsbladhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRex_iLiadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRC_Handelsbladhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRex_iLiad7/27/2019 E-paper Project
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:. THE FUTURE SCENARIO
The oly 0rail of electronic ink technology is a digital book that can typeset
itself and that readers could leaf through *ust as if it were made of regular paper. " uch a
book could be programmed to display the text from a literary work and once you% ve
finished that tale, you could automatically replace it by wirelessly downloading the
latest book from a computer database. $erox had introduced plants to insert a memory
device into the spine of the book, which would allow users to alternate between up to +9
books stored on the device. Cust as electronic ink could radically change the way we read
books, it could change the way you receive yo ur daily newspaper. It could very wellbring an end to newspaper delivery, as we know it. Instead of delivery people tossing the
paper from their bike or out their car window, a new high- tech breed of paper
deliverers who simply press a button on their computer that would simultaneously
update thousands of electronic newspapers each morning. " ure, it would look and feel
like your old paper, but you wouldn%t have to worry about the newsprint getting smudged
on your fingers, and it would also eliminate the piles of old newspapers that need
recycling. &rior to developing digital books and newspapers E-Ink will be developing amarketable electronic display screen for cell phones, %s, pagers and digital watches.
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E-Paper Technology /2
;. CONCLUSION
Electronic ink is not intended to diminish or do away with traditional displays.Instead electronic ink will initially co-exist with traditional paper and other display
technologies. In the long run, electronic ink may have a multibillion-dollar impact on the
publishing industr y. !ltimately electronic ink will permit almost any surface to
become a disp lay, bringing information out of the confines of trad itional devices and into
the world around us.
.
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E-Paper Technology /4
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