E-government Report

For the Government of Bahrain

Presentation by Richard Kerby, UNDESA

Among the objectives of e-government four are of paramount importance and of relevance here:

• Efficient government management of information to the citizen;

• Better service delivery to citizens;• Improved access and outreach of information; and• Empowerment of the people through participatory decision

making.

Review of Methodology

E-Government Survey

Telecommunication Infrastructure Index

The telecommunication infrastructure index 2008 is a composite weighted average index of five primary indices based on basic infrastructure indicators, which define a country’s ICT infrastructure capacity. These are: PC’s /100 persons; internet users/100 persons; telephone lines/100 persons; mobile phones/100 persons; and Broadband/100 persons.

Data for UN Member States was taken primarily from the UN International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Telecommunication Infrastructure Index

5.2326.18121.7117.6221.30BahrainCountry Internet PC Cellular

Main Telephone Lines Broadband

Oman 12.22 5.06 69.59 10.65 0.58Kuwait 29.53 22.33 88.57 18.99 0.93U.A.E. 36.69 23.35 118.51 28.12 5.17Jordan 13.65 6.22 74.40 10.52 0.83Saudi Arabia 18.66 12.82 78.05 15.68 0.87Lebanon 26.28 11.45 30.53 18.65 4.70Syria 7.69 4.20 23.96 16.62 0.03Morocco 19.85 2.46 52.07 4.12 1.27Egypt 7.95 3.78 23.86 14.33 0.27Tunisia 12.68 6.22 71.88 12.42 0.17

Data for UN Member States was taken primarily from the UN International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Telecommunication Infrastructure Index

.3346BahrainCountry Infrastructure Index

Oman .1559Kuwait .2777U.A.E. .3813Jordan .1693Saudi Arabia .2110Lebanon .1930Syria .0923Morocco .1349Egypt .0886Tunisia .1636

Data for UN Member States was taken primarily from the UN International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Human Capital Index

The data for the human capital index 2008 is a composite of the adult literacy rate and the combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio with two third weight given to adult literacy and one third to gross enrolment ration.

Data for UN Member States was taken primarily from UNESCO

Telecommunication Infrastructure Index

0.8686.0986.5BahrainCountry Adult Literacy

Gross Enrollment Index

Oman 81.4 67.05 0.76Kuwait 93.3 74.87 0.87U.A.E. 88.7 59.89 0.79Jordan 91.1 78.05 0.86Saudi Arabia 82.9 75.96 0.80Lebanon 88.3 84.57 0.87Syria 80.8 64.77 0.75Morocco 52.3 58.49 0.54Egypt 71.4 76.87 0.73Tunisia 74.3 76.34 0.74

Data for UN Member States was taken primarily from the UN International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

Web Measure Index

The Web Measure Index is base upon a five-stage model.

For countries that have established an online presence, the model defines stages of e-readiness according to a scale of progressively sophisticated citizen services:

1. Emerging Presence

2. Enhanced Presence

3. Interactive Presence

4. Transactional Presence

5. Networked Presence

Web Presence

Emerging presence. Stage I - e-government presents information which is limited and basic. The e-government online presence comprises a web page and/or an official website; links to ministries/departments of education, health, social welfare, labor and finance may/may not exist.

Enhanced presence. Stage II - the government provides greater public policy and governance sources of current and archived information, such as policies, laws and regulation, reports, newsletters, and downloadable databases. The user can search for a document and there is a help feature and a site map provided.

Web Presence

Emerging and Enhanced Presences

Information dissemination/outreach

Existence of a national website and ministerial websites including: education, finance, health, labor and/or social servicesExistence of a one-stop-shop national portalExistence of a Head of State websiteExistence of an e-government sectionSources of archived information (laws, policy documents, priorities, etc.)News and/or updates on government policiesAccess to back office applicationsChief Information Officer (CIO), or similar officer with a leadership role, to manage national cross-agency e-government programs/projectsInformation concerning government officials responsible for the provision of specific online services/queriesPersonal account/profile of citizens, with the objective of enhancing dialogue between government and citizensInformation for citizens on the usage of the website

Interactive presence. Stage III - the online services of the government enter the interactive mode with services to enhance convenience of the consumer such as downloadable forms for tax payment application for license renewal.

Web Presence

Interactive Presence

Access/Usability

Search feature“Contact us” feature Audio and video featuresMultiple languages availabilityUse of wireless technology to send messages to mobile phones or devicesSecurity (secure link) feature available/indicatedElectronic signature feature Online payment by credit, debit, or other card methodsE-mail sign-up option, either as a formal list-serv or simply for news items Existence of features to enable access for people with disabilities

Transactional presence. Stage IV - allows two-way interactions between the citizen and his/her government. It includes optionsfor paying taxes; applying for ID cards, birth certificates/passports, license renewals and other similar C2G interactions by allowing him/her to submit these online 24/7.

Web Presence

Transactional Presence

Service Delivery Capability

One-stop-shop for online servicesDownloadable/printable forms Online formsJob opportunitiesOnline transactions E-mail alerts for e-participationReally Simple Syndication (RSS) use for e-participationSet turnaround time for government to respond to submitted forms/e-mails

Networked presence. Stage V - represents the most sophisticated level in the online e-government initiatives. It can be characterized by an integration of G2G, G2C and C2G (and reverse) interactions. The government encourages participatory deliberative decision making and is willing and able to involve the society in a two-way open dialogue.

Web Presence

Networked Presence

Citizen participation/interconnectedness

E-participation policy or mission statementCalendar listings of upcoming e-participation activitiesArchived information about e-participation activities E-participation tools to obtain public opinion (polls, surveys, bulletin boards, chat room, blogs, web casting, and discussion forums, etc.)Citizen feedback on the national strategy, policies and e-servicesProvision for publishing the results of citizen feedbackArchive on responses by government to citizen’s questions, queries and inputs

E-Participation Index

The E-Participation Index assesses the quality, usefulness and relevancy of the information and services and the willingness ofcountries to engage citizens in public policy making through theuse of the e-government programs.

The E-participation Index is segmented into three sectors: E-information, E-consultation, and E-decision-making.

Web Presence

E-Participation Index

The goal of e-participation initiatives is to improve the citizen’s access to information and public services; and participation in public decision-making.

• Increasing e-information to citizens for decision making;• Enhancing e-consultation for deliberative and participatory

processes; • Supporting e-decision making by increasing the input of

citizens;

Web Presence

Sites Surveyed in Bahrain

National Site: https://www.e.gov.bh

Ministry Sites:

Education http://www.education.gov.bh/Health http://www.moh.gov.bh/arabic/Labor http://www.mol.gov.bh/mol/ar/default.aspxFinance http://www.mofne.gov.bh/arb/mofhome.asp

Social Services http://www.mol.gov.bh/mol/ar/default.aspx

Web Presence

Bahrain Web Measure Index

National Web Site

I II III IV VTotal Pts.

Max Points

8 22 44 34 12 120

Bahrain 7 14 23 16.5 3 63.5

Bahrain Web Measure Index

Health Web Site

II III IV VTotal Pts.

Max Points

14 16 10 3 43

Bahrain 10 8 0 1 19

Bahrain Web Measure Index

Education Web Site

II III IV VTotal Pts.

Max Points

14 16 10 3 43

Bahrain 9 8 0 1 18

Bahrain Web Measure Index

Social Services Web Site

II III IV VTotal Pts.

Max Points

14 16 10 3 43

Bahrain 12 4 1 1 18

Bahrain Web Measure Index

Manpower Web Site

II III IV VTotal Pts.

Max Points

14 16 10 3 43

Bahrain 6 3 3 1 13

Bahrain Web Measure Index

Finance Web Site

II III IV VTotal Pts.

Max Points

14 16 10 3 43

Bahrain 13 9 2 0 24

Bahrain Web Measure Index

Total Score for Web Sites

I II III IV VTotal Pts.

Max Points

8 92 124 84 27 335

Bahrain 7 64 55 22.5 7 155.5

UNDESA RankingWeb Measuring Index

Middle EastGlobalRanking Country I II III IV V Total

17 Israel 7 75 69 36 12 19932 U.A.E. 7 63 84 50 10 21442 Bahrain 7 64 55 22.5 7 155.550 Jordan 8 67 78 19 9 18157 Kuwait 0 55 50 12 7 12470 Saudi

Arabia 8 53 66 7 5 13974 Lebanon 8 44 54 7 4 11784 Oman 7 49 68 16 5 145108 Iran 6 50 20 0 1 77119 Syria 0 28 34 7 3 72151 Iraq 8 13 8 1 2 32168 Yemen 7 10 5 0 0 22

UNDESA E-Readiness RankingWeb Measuring Index

North Africa

155.5722.555647Bahrain42

GlobalRanking Country I II III IV V Total

79 Egypt 8 65 78 24 6 181121 Algeria 7 26 34 0 0 67140 Morocco 0 30 29 1 2 62124 Tunisia 7 6 26 0 0 39120 Libya 3 8 9 3 1 24161 Sudan 4 6 9 0 0 19

Way Forward

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