E-governance-opportunities, Challenges & Strategies

8/13/2019 E-governance-opportunities, Challenges & Strategies

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e-Governance: Opportunities, Challenges & Strategies

Definition of e-Governance

E-governance is the application of information & communication technologies totransform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of informational

& transactional exchanges with in government, between govt. & govt. agencies of

National, State, Municipal & ocal levels, citi!en & businesses, and to empower citi!ensthrough access & use of information.

What e-government is NOT! :

Terms such as “data resale”, “digital democracy”, “e-politics” etc. are also

frequently mentioned within the same breath as “e-government. Neither of these terms,however, observes the principle of leveraging the Internet to simplify government.

igital democracy is, in fact, “e-politics” rather than e-government! that is, leveraging theInternet to simplify the election process "rather than government#. It is important that

these terms not muddle the ob$ectives of e-government.

e-governance evolution : istor an" #resent Status

The %oI initiated an e-government programme during the late &''(s by adopting

the Information Technology )ct in *(((. The ma$or aims of this act were to recognise

electronic contracts, prevent cyber crimes, and ma+e electronic filing possible. ater in*((, the govt approved the national e-governance plan "Ne%# to enhance e-govt

initiatives in India. It was launched with aim of improving the delivery of govt services to

the common people in their localities through common services centre "/0/#s, whichwere set across the country. In feb *(&*, about '1,&2' /0/s were operational withdifferent names and they had delivering services to the people.

3ollowing are some of the recent e-governance pro$ects implemented by variousstate govts.

Some E-governance Initiatives

State/Union

Territory

Initiatives covering departmental automation,

user charge collection, delivery ofpolicy/programme information and delivery of

entitlements

Andhra

Pradesh

e-Seva, CARD, VOICE, MPHS, FAST, e-Cops, AP

online—One-stop-shop on the Internet, Sauar!a",Online Transa#tion pro#essin$

Bihar Sales Ta% A&"inistration Mana$e"ent In'or"ation



hattisgarh Chhattis$arh In'ote#h Pro"otion So#iet!, Treasur!

o''i#e, e-linin$ pro(e#t

!elhi Auto"ati# Vehi#le Tra#in$ S!ste", Co"puterisationo' )e*site o' RCS o''i#e, Ele#troni# Clearan#e S!ste",

Mana$e"ent In'or"ation S!ste" 'or E&u#ation et#

"oa Dharani Pro(e#t

"u#arat Mahiti Shati, re+uest 'or overn"ent &o#u"ents

online, For" *oo online, R *oo online, #ensusonline, ten&er noti#e

$aryana .ai Disha

$imachal

Pradesh

/o Mitra

%arnata&a 0hoo"i, 1ha(ane, 1averi

%erala e-Srinhala, RD.et, Fast, Relia*le, Instant, E''i#ient

.et)or 'or the Dis*urse"ent o' Servi#es 2FRIE.DS3

'adhyaPradesh

!an&oot, ra" Sa"par, S"art Car& in TransportDepart"ent, Co"puteri4ation MP State A$ri#ultural

Maretin$ 0oar& 2Man&i 0oar&3 et#

'aharashtra SET5, Online Co"plaint Mana$e"ent S!ste"—Mu"*ai

(a#asthan 6an Mitra, Ra(S7IFT, /o"itra, Ra(.IDHI

Tamil )adu Rasi Mai!a"s81an#hipura"9 Appli#ation 'or"s

relate& to pu*li# utilit!, ten&er noti#es an& &ispla!

)orth-Eastern StatesArunachal

Pradesh,

Co""unit! In'or"ation Center For"s availa*le on

'anipur,'eghalaya,

the Me$hala!a )e*site un&er s#he"es relate& to

'i*oram +

)agaland

so#ial )el'are, 'oo& #ivil supplies an& #onsu"er

a''airs, housin$ transport et#

$e Opportunities offere" % e-governance:

'( )ncrease" effectiveness an" efficienc-

Improved government services in terms of accomplishing the government

spurpose and functioning.

*( +etter service-

4-governance can provide quic+ and timely services to stal+holder.



( Transparenc-

The services provide directly from the government to recipients without any

e5ternal interventions.

( .ccessi%le an time an" an/here- )s e-governanace services are provided through web-enabled technology, they can

be accessed anytime and anywhere.

0( 1ser-centric )CT-ena%le" services-

The services are primarily intended for the use of citi6ens, businesses , and the

government itself.

2( 3e"uce" cost an" time -

)s the services are provided through internet , they are effective in terms of time

and cost.

4( 3e"uce" %ureaucrac-

4-governance minimi6es the hierarchy of authorithy for availing any governmentservices.

5( 6nhance" communication an" co-or"ination %et/een govt organistions-

)s automated services can be accessed by different organi6ations, co-ordination

and further communication become relatively simple.

Challenges an" %arriers -

'( 7ac8 of )T 7iterac an" a/areness regar"ing %enefits of e-governance -

There is general lac+ of awareness regarding benefits of e-governance as well as

the process involved in implementing successful %-/, %-% and %-7 pro$ects. The

administrative structure is not geared for maintaining, storing and retrieving thegovernance information electronically.

*( 1n"erutili9ation of eisting )CT infrastructure-

To a larger e5tent, the computers in the department are used for the purpose of

word processing only, resulting in the underutili6ation of the computers in terms of their

use in data mining for supporting management decisions.

( 7ac8 of trust-

8ariance in the degree of reliance on e-government services

( Digital "ivi"e -

Inequality between people in the social system in having access to and use of e-

government services.



0( 7ac8 of coor"ination %et/een Govt; Department an" Solution "evelopers-

esigning of any application requires a very close interaction between the govt.

department and the agency developing the solutions. )t present the users in govt.departments do not contribute enough to design the solution architecture.

2( 7ac8 of )nfrastructure for sustaining e-governance pro<ects on national level- Infrastructure to support e-governance initiatives does not e5ist within

government departments. The agony is that the government departments are not equipped

to be in a position to pro$ect the clear requirements nor are there any guidelines forinvolving private sector.

e-Gov .ction #lan = Strategies for to"a:>ision for ?uture

%ovt. leaders in India are starting to reali6e that e-governance is the +ey to drivetoday9s economy with an increased participation from citi6ens. roviding services online

is no longer going to remain optional for local and central government as demand for providing services : internet speed has been coming from the citi6ens.

4-governance is about more than streamlining processes and improving services. It9s

about transforming %overnments and renovating the way citi6ens participate in

democracy. 0o how does a government agency cuts through the clutter and builds astrategy to facilitate the transition to successful online or “e” service delivery. ;et if the

e-governance started and implemented in haste, the are doomed to fail. )ccording to one

of the surveys conducted by a reputed agency , 12< of e-governance may fail because of poor planning

. 0ome of the requirements for implementing successful e-governance across thenation are =

• e-%overnance framewor+ across the nation with enough bandwidth to service a

population of one billion.

• /onnectivity framewor+ for ma+ing the services reach rural areas of the country

or development of alternative means of services such as e-governance +ios+s inregional languages.

• National /iti6en database which is the primary unit

of data for all governance vertical and hori6ontal applicationsacross the state and central governments.

• 4-governance and interoperability standards for the e5change of secure

information with non-repudiation, across the state and central government

departments seamlessly.

• ) secure delivery framewor+ by means of virtual private networ+

connecting across the state and central government departments.

• atacenters in centre and states to handle the departmental

wor+flow automation, collaboration, interaction, e5change ofinformation with authentication.



3or success of an e-governance pro$ect and superior service delivery, it is imperative that

the government agency focuses on whole citi6en e5perience. 3ocusing on the citi6en isessential for long term success. The govt. agency needs to integrate information from all

points of citi6en interaction. The overall architecture for e-%overnance needs to ensure

that the architecture components are e5tensible and scalable to adapt to the changingenvironments. The e-%overnance applications that are emerging as islands of successes

have to be interoperable. 3ollowing are some of the suggestions for the successful

transformation=-

'( Create 7iterac an" commitment to e-governance at high level-

The most important requirement is a training program for policy ma+ers in 4-

%overnance "0enior ublic 0ervants#, politicians and IT tas+ force members. Thetraining program needs to be focused according to the requirements of the policy ma+ers

at the top. 0uch programs can be need based and outsourced when required. In addition it

should be made mandatory for all the sta+e holders in implementation and maintenance

of e-governance services to have the general IT s+ills..

*( Con"uct 1sa%ilit Surves for assessment of eisting e-governance pro<ects-

There is a varying degree of development of e-governance among the different

states. ) few 0tates have leapfrogged into a digital era whereas a few are yet to start with

any initiative. There is a tremendous divergence in the e5tent of implementation of theconcept of e-%overnance.

( Starting /ith implementation of pilot pro<ects an" replicating the successful ones

The pilot pro$ects ta+en in various states should be accessed for their achievementlevels. They should be classified as success or failure according to the desired output

written down before implementation of the pro$ects. The study should be carried out by

an independent agency for the implementation agency. 7ottlenec+s and causes of delaysshould be documented, even though they are removed later. The successful pro$ects

should be replicated over the nation with members drawn from the implementing team.

( ?ollo/ the +est #ractices in e-governance -

The study of 7est ractices will bring forward the best practices being followed

nationally and internationally. The national and international 7est ractices study will

give a great momentum to the process of 4-%overnance. The 0tate %overnments will nothave to re-invent wheel every time and they can learn from the developments already

made.

0( ave clearl "efine" )nteropera%ilit polic-

The e>governance architecture needs to ensure that the components are scalable

and adaptable to the future requirements. It has also to ensure that the ocal architecturefits into the 0tate level and the same into National and %lobal architecture.

Interoperability is a ma$or criterion while defining the architecture.

2( @anage an" 1p"ate content on govt; /e%sites efficientl an" regularl-



/ontent is the ?heart? of any IT pro$ect. The govt. agency has to +eep in mind

some of the important technical guidelines, while developing the software and

computeri6ation, to facilitate the future integration. The department also needs to addressthe security of transactions and messages. The govt. agencies must ensure that the data on

the sites is always updated and relevant.

etails-

@a$ 0ingh ;adav

@eference websites-A@

&#http=BBwor+space.unpan.orgBsitesBinternetBdocumentsB

*# www.egovindia .org/ egovernance paper.doc

3) yojana4) arc.gov.in/11threp/ARC_11thReport_Ch4.pdf

http://workspace.unpan.org/sites/internet/documents/

http://www.egovindia.org/egovernancepaper.doc







http://workspace.unpan.org/sites/internet/documents/


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E-governance-opportunities, Challenges & Strategies