1

SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti

Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature

2

Literary Researches 27 2006

3

literaturuli Ziebani 27 2006

4

redaqtori

maka elbaqiZe

saredaqcio kolegia

ivane amirxanaSvili

amiran arabuli

Tamaz vasaZe

mariam karbelaSvili

nona kupreiSvili

Tamar lomiZe

saredaqcio sabWo

manana kvaWantiraZe

helen kuperi (kembriji, sapatio wevri)

gaga lomiZe

irma ratiani (Tavmjdomare)

revaz siraZe

gaga SurRaia (romi, sapatio wevri)

rusudan ColoyaSvili

rostom CxeiZe

elguja xinTibiZe

pasuxismgebeli mdivani

soso tabucaZe

literaturuli Ziebani, 27, 2006

redaqciis misamarTi: 0108, Tbilisi,

merab kostavas q. 5.

telefoni: 99-63-84

faqsi: 99-53-00

E-mail: litinst@litinstituti.ge

Editor

Maka Elbakidze

Editorial Board

Ivane Amirkhanashvili

Amiran Arabuli

Tamaz Vasadze

Mariam Karbelashvili

Nona Kupreishvili

Tamar Lomidze

Editorial Council

Manana Kvachantiradze

Helen Cooper (Cambridge, Honorary member)

Gaga Lomidze

Irma Ratiani

Revaz Siradze

Gaga Shurgaia (Rome, Honorary member)

Rusudan Cholokashvili Rostom Chkheidze

Elguja Khintibidze

Responsible Editor

Soso Tabutsadze

Literary Researches 27, 2006

Address: 0108, Tbilisi M. Kostava str. 5

Tel.: 99-63-84

Fax: 99-53-00

E-mail: litinst@litinstituti.ge

5

Sinaarsi

Contents

qarTuli sasuliero-saeklesio mwerloba

mariam karbelaSvili

mefis koncefcia ioane minCxis sagalobelSi `seneba wm. Tevdosi morwmunisa~ (masalebi qarTuli politikuri azrovnebis istoriisTvis)

goCa kuWuxiZe armazuli misteriebis detalebi

soso maxaraSvili bibliuri da literaturuli paradigmebi basili monazonis (protoasikritis) `wm. ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebaSi~

ia grigalaSvili `wmida SuSanikis wamebis~ dasawyisi

irina javaxaZe siuJetur-kompoziciuri Sablonebi iovane damaskelisa da kozman ierusalimelis da wminda paxomiosis `cxovrebebSi~

qarTuli sakaro da saero mwerloba

darejan menabde

`axali qarTlis cxovrebis~ hagiografiuli wyaroebi

rusTvelologiuri kvlevani

maka elbaqiZe `seni me mWirs raca Wirad...~

boris darCia

isev `vefxistyaosnis~ fistikauri strofis Sesaxeb

XIX saukune: epoqa da literatura

zurab kiknaZe `meranis~ genealogia

Tamar SarabiZe romanuli epizodi (nikoloz baraTaSvilis mier naxWevanSi dawerili bolo ori leqsis Sesaxeb)

8

13

19

24

29

39

49

55

62

71

Georgian Religious

Literature

Mariam Karbelashvili The Conception of the King in Ioanne Minchkhis Hymn Dedicated to Theodosius the Great (Materials for the History of Georgian Political Thought)

Gocha Kuchukhidze Details of Armazic Mysteries

Soso Makharashvili Biblical and Literary Paradigms in Basil the Protoascritos' "The life of Saint Hilarion the Georgian"

Ia Grigalashvili The Beginning Of "The Martyrdom Of the Holy Queen Shushanik"

Irine Javakhadze Plot and composition patterns in Hagiographies of John Damascene and Kozman Hierosolymitan and St. Pachomius

Georgian Courtly and Secular

Literature Darejan Menabde

Hagiographic Sources of New Kartlis Tskhovreba

Rustaveli Studies

Maka Elbakidze

The Torment, the Great Illness Which Afflicts Me

Boris Darchia Once More on Phistikauri Strophe in Knight in Panthers Skin

XIX Century: Epoch and Literature

Zurab Kiknadze

The Genealogy of Merani Tamar Sharabidze

Romanesque Episode (concerning two last poems written by Nikoloz Baratashvili in Nakhichevan)

6

XX saukunis mwerloba

zoia cxadaia

lado asaTiani lali avaliani

poetebi da `winaswarmetyveli~

Tanamedrove literaturuli procesebi

maia jaliaSvili sityvis xelovneba qarTuli modernistuli romanebis konteqstSi

Tamar paiWaZe kaleidoskopuri aRqma Tu realoba?!

miTosi. rituali. simbolo

rusudan ColoyaSvili

vaxtang kotetiSvili da zRapruli eposi

rusudan canava odisevsis erTi niRabi

nestan ratiani sad cxovrobda kirke (odisevsis mogzaurobis marSrutis dadgenisaTvis homerosis `odiseas~ mixedviT)

inga milorava miTopoeturi samyaros mxatvruli dro da sivrce

poetikuri kvlevani

qeTevan bezaraSvili

klasikuri ritorikis Teoriis cnebebis Sua saukuneebSi gadaazrebis zogierTi nimuSi

soso sigua teqsti: invarianti da struqtura

nona kupreiSvili poetika rogorc socrealisturi ritorikis alternativa

literaturuli meridianebi

qeTevan Sengelia

emili dikinsoni _ ucnobi da maxlobeli

manana kvataia es skandaluri adolf hitleri...

76 80

88

95

101

105

116

121

128

132

140

146

151

XX Century Literature

Zoia Tskhadaia

Lado Asatiani Lali Avaliani

The Poets and the "Prophet"

Contemporary Literary Processes

Maya Jaliashvili

The Art of Word in the Context of Modern Georgian Novels

Tamar Paichadze Kaleidoscophical Perception or Reality?

Mythology. Ritual. Symbol

Rusudan Cholokashvili

Vakhtang Kotetishvili and Fairytale Epos

Rusudan Tsanava One Mask of Odysseus

Nestan Ratiani Where did Circe Live? (For identifying the tour of Odyssey Voyage according to Homer Odyssey)

Inga Milorava The Artistic Time and Space of the Mythopoetic World

Poetical Studies

Ketevan Bezarashvili

Some Patterns of Reinterpretation of the Concepts of Classical Rhetorical Theories in the Middle Ages

Soso Sigua Text : Invariant and Structure

Nona Kupreishvili Poetics as an Alternative for Socialist Rhetoric

Literary Meridians Ketevan Shengelia

Emily Dickinson Unknown and Familiar

Manana Kvataia This Scandalous Adolf Hitler

7

Tvalsazrisi

giorgi kankava

Cveni, humanitarTa, `korpusis~ mdgomareobis gamo

amagdarni

merab RaRaniZe vladimir beneSeviCis sammagi tragedia

SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis institutis samecniero publikaciebis stili

161

170

177

Vision

Giorgi Kankava

Towards the Condition of Our, Humanities' "Corps"

Honoured

Merab Ghaghanidze

The Triple Tragedy of Vladimir Beneevi

Style of academic publications in Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature

8

qarTuli sasuliero-saeklesio mwerloba

mariam karbelaSvili

mefis koncefcia ioane minCxis sagalobelSi

`seneba wm. Tevdosi morwmunisa~

(masalebi qarTuli politikuri azrovnebis istoriisTvis)

samefo xelisuflebis fenomenis Seswavla dRes mTel msoflioSi istorikosTa gansakuTrebuli interesis sagania. erT-erTi mTavari problema iseT sakiTxTa kvlevaa, rogorebicaa Sexedulebebi samefo xelisuflebasa da mis funqciebze, xelisuflebis sakralurobasa an sxva transcendentur Tvisebebze, xelisuflebis simboluri gaformebis xasiaTze, mmarTvelobis dasaSveb da dauSvebel formebze da sxva (besmertni 1995: 5-19)

saqarTveloSi am problemis kvleva ivane javaxiSvilma XX saukunis dasawyisidnve daiwyo, rasac mieZRvna misi naSromi `saqarTvelos mefe da misi uflebis istoria~ (javaxiSvili 1905: 1-90), romelic Semdgom Seudareblad gafarToebuli saxiT Sevida missave `qarTuli samarTlis istoriaSi~ (javaxiSvili 1929: 108-245), rac metyvelebs am sakiTxis mimarT didi istorikosis gansakuTrebul interess.

amave sakiTxisadmi, rogorc aqtualuri problemisadmi, interesi cxadad gamoCnda korneli kekeliZis mier 1940 wels Sedgenil proeqtSi `qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis istoria~ (kekeliZe 1974: 244-253), romelSic, faqtiurad, is sakiTxebia wamoWrili, romelnic dRes msoflio istoriografiis yuradRebis centrSi dgas, magaliTad: `RvTaebrivi wyaro mefis uflebisa~, `legitimizmis principi~, `mefis ideali~ da sxva. miuxedavad imisa, rom umniSvnelovanes sakiTxTa farTo speqtris Semcveli es proeqti ar ganxorcielebula, mas odnavadac ar daukargavs aqtualoba da meTodologiuri Rirebuleba: korneli kekeliZis Tanaxmad, kvleva ara mxolod sakuTriv saistorio mwerlobis, aramed sityvakazmuli mwerlobis gaTvaliswinebiTac unda warmarTuliyo.

XX saukunis bolo aTwleulebidan msoflio istoriografiaSi mniSvnelovani gardatexa moxda: Tuki manamde mTeli yuradReba ekonomikis, sazogadoebis, kulturis Seswavlaze iyo orientirebuli, axla man politikuri istoriis Seswavlaze gadainacvla. politikuri istoriis Seswavlis aqtualobis TvalsazrisiT sagulisxmo movlena iyo istorikos Jak le gofis gaxmaurebuli statia STambeWdavi saTauriT `aris Tu ara kvlav da kvlav politikuri istoria xerxemali istoriisa?~, romelic 1971 wels gamoqveynda. axali Tematikis SemotaniT istoriul gamokvlevaTa problematika ganaxlda da gafarTovda: `momavalSi savsebiT ganaxlebuli adamianis Sesaxeb sxva mecnierebebiT regenerirebul politikur istorias ar SeiZleba hqondes pretenzia avtonomiaze. dRes, rodesac disciplinaTaSorisi midgoma zeobs, tixrebi erTsa da imave mecnierebaSi gansakuTrebiT autanelia. liusien fevris sityvebi: ... `ekonomikuri da socialuri istoria ar arsebobs. arsebobs istoria, rogorc aseTi, mis mTlianobaSi~, marTebulia, rogorc arasdros. miuxedavad amisa, axali mTliani istoriis modelma unda SeunarCunos politikur parametrebs is arsebiTi adgili, romelic sazogadoebaSi ukavia xelisuflebis fenomens, politikuris Tanamedrove epistemologiur ganxorcielebas. msgavsad Cveni epoqisa, romelic amieridan ara anatomiis, aramed atomis epoqaa, politikuri istoria `xerxemali~ ki ara, istoriis `birTvia~ (le gofi 1924: 190). am konteqstSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mieniWa warsulis gaazrebas politikur aspeqtSi, ris SesaniSnav nimuSs warmoadgens ernst kantoroviCis gamokvleva SuasaukuneTa politikuri Teologiis sferoSi (kantoriviCi 1957). am fundamentur naSromSi gaanalizebulia mefisa da samefo xelisuflebis Teoriis sakiTxebi, Seswavlili umdidresi faqtobrivi masalis safuZvelze.

sazogadoebriv cnobierebaSi mefis xelisuflebis raobaze warmodgenis SemuSavebas udidesi zneobriv-politikuri mniSvneloba eniWeboda. sakiTxi mravalia, magram maTgan, Cveni Temis interesebidan gamomdinare, gamovyofT mefis pirovnebis problemas, rogorc is iyo gagebuli Sua saukuneebSi: esaa `samefo sameba~, anu mefis sami hipostasi. mefis

9

pirovnebaSi _ `RvTis saxiT Cenil patronSi` _ gaerTianebuli iyo adamiani RvTaebrivi, adamiani zneobrivi da adamiani politikuri (malinini 1995: 20-21).

politikuri Teologiis konteqstSi gansakuTrebuli, sruliad unikaluri movlenaa didi qarTveli himnografis ioane minCxis sagalobeli `seneba RmrTivgrgnosnisa mefisa Tevdosi morwmunisa saswaulTa moqmedisa~ (minCxi1946: 330-333), romelSic Camoyalibebulia koncefcia idealuri mefisa. es, Tavisi arsiT, qristianuli Teoriaa, romlis mixedviT SeiZleba vimsjeloT qarTuli politikuri Teologiis doneze da isic unda iTqvas, rom ioane minCxis am Txzulebam, rogorc konkretuli masala mowmobs, udidesi gavlena iqonia rogorc Semdegdroindel saistorio mwerlobaze, aseve sityvakazmul literaturaze.

ioane minCxis am SesaniSnav himnSi dasmulia ori ZiriTadi sakiTxi: samefo xelisuflebis sakralurobisa da mefis pirovnebis zneobriobisa. Tu sakiTxs ufro farTod SevxedavT, aq moralisa da politikis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi ismis: politika moraluri unda iyos.

korneli kekeliZis gamokvleviT, ioane minCxi X saukunis pirveli naxevris moRvawea; mkvlevari varaudobs, rom himnSi moxseniebul qarTvel mefeSi afxazTa mefe giorgi igulisxmeba. Tevdosisadmi miZRvnili himni minCxis sam sxva himnTan erTad Setanilia miqael modrekilis sagalobelSi, romelic 987-988 wlebSia Sedgenili. k. kekeliZis daxasiaTebiT `ioanes himnebs axasiaTebs Rrma patriotuli grZnoba..., subieqtivoba, gulwrfeloba da uaRresi simartive, romelic Sorsaa Cveulebrivi himnografiuli enawylianobisagan~ (kekeliZe 1951: 150-151). marTlac, rogorc mTis ankara wyaro mowkrialebs bunebrivad, iseve bunebrivad moedineba qarTuli mxatvruli sityva am himnografiul SedevrSi.

mcire uwyeba himnis obieqtis Sesaxeb: Tevdosi anu Teodosi pirveli anu Teodosi didi (379-395 ww) wmindanadaa Seracxuli. istoriuli cnobebiT gracianem igi 379 wlis 19 ianvars avgustusad da imperiis aRmosavleTi provinciebis imperatorad gamoacxada (viqtori 1997: 48). 380 wels mZimed daavadebuli da sasikvdilod ganwiruli Teodosi moinaTla da male sruliad gamojanmrTelda (iordane 1997: 139-141). konstantinepolSi arianel episkoposs demofiles wauyena moTxovna _ an eRiarebina qristes erTarseba mama-RmerTTan, an daetovebina dedaqalaqi. demofilesTan erTad konstantinepoli bevrma arianelma datova. 381 wels Teodosim meore msoflio kreba moiwvia, sadac arianeloba da sxva mwvaleblobani dagmo, daamtkica nikeis krebis dadgenileba da gamosca rigi kanonebisa, romliTac erTaderT namdvil rwmenad nikeis mamaTa rwmena gamocxadda. Teodosim, pirvelma imperatorTa Soris, daiwyo warmarTTa devna da warmarTul taZarTa ngreva (sokrati 1912: 5: 6-8). `mefe Teodosis taxtze aRsvlis Semdeg marTlmadideblobam srulebiT gaimarjva da daibruna ariosianTagan warTmeuli ekklesiebi~ (saeklesio istoria 1908: 35). aRniSnaven imasac, rom 390 wels TesalonikaSi momxdari saxalxo ajanyeba Teodosim umowyalod CaaxSo, daiRupa 1500-mde moqalaqe, ris gamoc mediolanis episkoposma ambrosim igi eklesiaSi ar SeuSva, radgan xelebi udanaSauloTa sisxlSi hqonda gasvrili. pasuxad imperatorma monanies samosiT saxalxod moinania Tavisi codva (sozomeni 1851: 7: 25). amrigad, Teodosi iyo pirveli imperatori, romelmac demonstraciulad mouxara Tavi saeklesio meufebis avtoritets.

himnis mizani. ioane minCxi am himnSi qmnis qristiani mefis im ideals, paradigmas, romlis mibaZvasac unda cdilobdes realurad arsebuli yoveli mefe: `...RmrTis-msaxuro da mis mier pativcemulo dido mefeo Tevdosi RmerTSemosilo! ... saxe eqmen SemdgomTa maT mefeTa da romelni gemsgavsnes, iSueben edems Sina Sen Tana!~ (minCxi 1946: 331).

mefe sakraluri pirovneba. `yovelni xelmwifebasa mas umTavresisasa daemorCilen, rameTu ara ars xelmwifeba, garna RmrTisagan, da romelni igi arian xelmwifebani, RmrTisa mier ganwesebul arian~ (romaelTa, 13,1) pavles epistoles es muxli aris is `qva sakidur~, romelsac monarqia emyareba. samefo xelisuflebis sakralurobis idea saxarebiseul moZRvrebas efuZneba, romlis Tanaxmad yoveli xelmwifeba RmrTismieria: mefis xelisufleba ganixileba, rogorc RvTaebrivi nebis ganxorcieleba. ioane minCxis himnSi es fuZemdebluri idea SesaniSnavi mxatvrulobiT aris ganxorcielebuli: urvaSi myof ionel xalxs friadi vedrebis Semdeg uflisgan eZleva mefe: `raJams iyo urvasa Sina / umwyemsovebisa zrunvasa / eri igi samwyso qristsi, / maSin movida maTa kaci RmrTisa, / romeli ityoda: / `evedreniT RmerTsa friad / da mogces Tquen mwyemsi keTili~ (3). ufalma `Seiwirna locvani maTni / da mosca maT sarwmuno da gonieri / Tevdosi marTali / saTnod mefed da winamZRolad, / viTarca daviT isralTa~ (5). rogorc vxedavT, qristiani mefis bibliuri paradigma daviT winaswarmetyvelia.

10

mefis legitimacia samebis mier xdeba, aq xazgasmulia brZaneba, siyvaruli, neba: `rameTu saydarTa sameufoTa / brZanebiTa mamisaTa, / siyuaruliTa ZisaTa, / sulisa wmidisa nebiTa / Rirs iqmna dajdomad Tevdosi~ (19).

cxeba. ioane minCxi sagangebod gaxazavs mironcxebis mniSvnelobas mefis legitimurobisTvis. minCxis himnis Tanaxmad, Tu bibliur daviTs qristian mefeTa etalons winaswarmetyvelma samuelma scxo mironi, Tevdosis scxo suliwmidam, ramac `gardacvala guli Tevdosisa~ (Sdr. saulis Sesaxeb: `da viTarca garemoiqca da zurgi Seaqcia viTarca war-oden-vida samovelisagan, gardacvala guli misi RmerTman da ganaxlda da moiwia yoveli ese saswauli mas zeda mas dReTa Sina~ (1 mefeTa, 10,9); `samuel winaswarmetyuelman / scxo daviT mwyemsobasa Sina, / xolo aw Tevdosi marTalsa / siglaxakesa Sina sulman wmidaman / scxo goniereba, / gardacvala guli misi da mefe yo ionTa zeda~ (6).

gvirgvini. xelisuflebis sakralurobisa da mefis pirovnebis siwmindis niSani misTvis RmerTis mier samefo gvirgvinis boZebaa. gvirgvins ioane gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs da himnSi am Temas eqvs sxvadasxva strofSi ubrundeba aseve sxvadasxvagvar konteqstSi.

pirvel yovlisa, ioane ganmartavs, Tu ratom eboZa gvirgvini Tevdosis aq upirveles adgilze uflis siyvarulia dayenebuli: `Tevdosi / Seudga kualsa mociqulTasa, / Seiyuara man RmerTi / da RmerTman Seiyuara igi, / grgnosan yo da adida~ (12).

es Cveulebrivi gvirgvini ar aris igi `sameufo saRmrToTa yuavilTagan` aris Seqmnili da Tevdosim igi Tavisi simdabliT moipova: `grgni sameufo saRmrToTa yuavilTa, / romeli SegiTxzna simdableman Senman, / ver daaWno igi / aRmaRlebaman orcielman, rameTu ufrosad moige / sruli simdable, / Rirso Tevdosi!~ (14).

gvirgvinis Rirsi xdeba is, `romelTa eSinis~ _ es gansakuTrebuli SiSia amaze cota qvemoT mTavari ki isaa, rom moSiSi, mdabali suliT, aRmaRldeba: `aRmaRldebian mdabalni suliTa, / da romelTa eSinis, / Sengan miiReben grgnsa, da esven / Zalsa Sensa Zliersa / da adideben Zalsa Sensa, qriste!~ (17).

cxadia, Tevdosis gvirgvini srulebiT gansakuTrebulia da, rac mTavaria, es gvirgvini mas, rogorc WeSmarit mefes, RvTaebrivi ganCinebiT aqvs miRebuli ara adamianis xeliT, aramed `zeciT movlinebuli mfrinvelis~ meSveobiT. es metad saintereso warmodgenaa mefis legitimaciaze da aq unda gavixsenoT, rom juanSeris qronikaSic gvxvdeba analogiuri Sexeduleba: `angelozman uflisaman aRiRo grgni da daadga Tavsa ivbimianossa, WeSmaritsa mefesa~ (qarTlis cxovreba 1955: 161). aseTi gvirgvinis Rirsni xdebian mxolod `mefeni keTilad senebulni, romelTa daipyres sofeli ese da sasufevelsa ara ganeSornes~ (qarTlis cxovreba 1955: 165). es idea ioanes himnSi unatifesi gaformebiTaa warmodgenili: `dRes zeciT movlinebulman mfrinvelman / sameufo grgni / Semosa Tavsa Tevdosissa, / da gulisxma yves yovelTa, / viTarmed sTanda igi RmerTsa maRalsa!~ (18).

himnografs SesaniSnavi mxatvruli gaazrebiT aqvs gvirgvinis Tema damuSavebuli: keTilmsaxuri, RmerTSemosili mefis gvirgvins amqveyniurs gardacvalebis Semdeg wmindanis gvirgvini enacvleba: `sawuTrosa amas Sina / keTilad pativ gca qristeman / da mermed saukunod / mogiwoda wmidaTa Tana, / didebiTa da pativiTa grgnosan gyo, / Tevdosi, CuenTsca meox gveyav!~ (34).

magram gvirgvins gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs da Tema kvlav grZeldeba ukve sxva konteqstSi: ioane mis Tanamedrove mefes avedrebs Tevdosis, raTa qristes winaSe misi meoxi iyos da sasufevelSi `grgnosan yos~: `Rirso mefeo, / sanatrelo Tevdosi! / mogigebs meoxad / mefe Cueni, madidebeli Seni, / da pativ scems dResaswaulsa Sensa! / iTxove qristsgan da SenTanave grgnosan yos sasufevelsa!~ (39).

mefis RvTaebrivi ganCinebiT arCevisa da gvirgvinis boZebiT mefis sakraluri legitimaciis Tema amowurulia. cxadia, pirovneba mxolod maSin SeiZleba CaiTvalos kanonier mefed, rodesac mas gvirgvini uflis nebiT zeciT moevlineba: es koncefcia xelisuflebis da xelisuflis sakralurobisa myaradaa damkvidrebuli, rac SesaniSnavi mxatvruli gaazrebiTaa asaxuli ioane minCxis himnSi.

mefe, rogorc moraluri pirovneba. Semdgomi mTavari Tema, romelic himnSia gaSlili, mefis pirovnebis zneobriobis koncefciaa. minCxis himnis universaluri xasiaTi idealuri mefis koncefciis SemuSavebaa, riTac Tevdosisadmi miZRvnili himni farTo rezonass iZens: mxolod moralurad srulyofili pirovneba SeiZleba iyos xelisufali, igi yvela qristianul saTnoebas unda flobdes.

11

`mwyemsi keTili~. mefe, msgavsad macxovrisa, Tavis qveSevrdomTaTvis unda iyos `mwyemsi keTili~ (aRsaniSnavia: mefe, rogorc `mama~ qveSevrdomTa, minCxTan ar gvxvdeba). es Tema minCxis himnSi araerTxel meordeba: `qristeman, Rirso Tevdosi, / mogca mwyemsad samwysoTa / TsTa~ (26; aseve 3), rasac saxelmwifoebriv-politikuri mniSvneloba aqvs: iq, sadac xelmwifebs `mwyemsi keTili~, misi `samwysoc~, e. i. qveSevdromni, bednierni arian: `sada ars mwyesi keTili, / mun mxiarul arn samwyso igi~ (26). es niSnavs, rom `mwyemsi keTili~ sayovelTao sikeTis sawindaria, xolo mefe unda emsgavsos im saxarebiseul gonier mnes, romelmac `ganamravla talanti~ uflis boZebuli: igi patronobs uflis mier Cabarebul ers, aspetakebs zneobrivad da kvlav ufals uZRvnis: `mwyemso keTilo, / saRmrToTa samwysoTao, / Rirso mefeo, Sen emsgavse mnesa mas goniersa, / da miiRe talanti uflisa Senisa! / da ganamravle igi / da miuZRvane / mravalwilad / momniWebelsa!~ (36). qveteqstSi ikiTxeba: iq, sadac mefe zneobrivia, qveSevrdomnic zneobrivni arian, anu: eris zneobriobis sawindari pirovnulad zneobrivi mefea da eris zneobrioba mefis upirvelesi sazrunavia.

`SiSi RmrTisa~. ioane minCxi himnis dasawyisSive axsenebs mefis zneobriobis aucilebel pirobas _ esaa SiSi RmrTisa, umTavresi maxasiaTebeli mefisa, is kriteriumi, romliTac ganisazRvreba mefis pirovnebis Rirseba. `dasabami sibrZnisa SiSi uflisa~ (fsalm. 110,10) uflis mcnebaTa ganuxrel aRsrulebas gulisxmobs. amrigad, ioanes himnSi mTavari aqcenti mainc mefis pirovnul Tvisebebzea aqcentirebuli: rogori unda iyos mefe, rogorc kerZo adamiani. mcnebaTa dacva upirvelesi pirobaa: `rameTu romelman yoveli sjuli daimarxos da scTes erTiTa, iqmna igi yovlisave Tanamdeb, `rameTu romelman-igi Tqua: nu imruSeb, manve Tqua: nu kachklav, xolo ukeTu imruSo da ara kac-hkla, iqmen gardamaval sjulisa~ (iakob. 2; 10-11).

`SiSi RmrTisa~, rogorc mefis moralurobis aucilebeli piroba, minCxis sagalobelSi sxvadasxva variaciiT ramdenjerme meordeba: `SiSi RmrTisa gaqunda maradis, / netari Tevdosi, / da miT moiZule Sen / yovelive neba orcTa, / da viTarca uorco iqceodi, / romlisTsca sacnaurad / gadida RmerTman!~ (9).

SiSi RmrTisa adamians yovelgvari sxva SiSisgan aTavisuflebs, radgan `suli RmrTisa Zlierebisa~ icavs mas, rogorc moSiSs: `RmrTisa SiSman uSiS yvnis moSiSni / goneba sulTa mimarT / borotTa ukeTurTa / da suli RmrTisa Zlierebisa / daadgrebis mis Tana, / romeli vidodes ubiwod, / marTal iyo da moSiSi / qristsi Rirsi Tevdosi / da madli misi daadgra mis Tana!~ (13). Tumca aq himnis mxatvrul mxares ver vexebiT, mainc aRvniSnavT pirveli taepis SesaniSnav aliteracias.

mxolod zneobrivi, RvTis moSiSi mefis qveSevrdomni arian masaviT RvTis moSiSni, da aq sayuradReboa ioane minCxis mier himnSi gatarebuli idea, rom mxolod moralurad sufTa, anu RvTis moSiS ers scems `keTilad masa~ ufali: `umobdes RmerTsa mowyalesa, / romeli masa scems keTilad / masa moSiSTa misTa!~ (23).

am SesaniSnav himnSi, romelic Tavisi zneobriv-politikuri koncefciiT da Temis gaSliT amouwuravia, minCxi mefis zneobrivi aspeqtis friad metyvel suraTs xatavs sruliad konkretuli maxasiaTeblebiT, rasac universaluri mniSvneloba aqvs. magram sakiTxi amiT ar amoiwureba da Seudareblad farToa; Tu mas saxelmwifos Teoriis konteqstSi ganvixilavT, miviRebT umniSvnelovanes daskvnas: minCxis mier himnSi gatarebuli koncefciiT saxelmwifo ara represiuli, aramed aRmzrdelobiTi institucia unda iyos.

saTnoeba. mefis erT-erTi maxasiaTebeli saTnoebaa, RvTis winaSe krZaluloba, simarTle, siwminde: `maradis iqceoden krZalulad, / simarTliT da simdabliT; / da siwmidiT winaSe RmrTisa, / rameTu hxedven uCinoTa / da cxadTa saqmeTa / Tualni misni, dafarulni mxedvelni~ (11).

mefis samarTlianoba. mefisTvis wayenebuli erT-erTi moTxovna misi samarTlianobaa: `viTarca eklesiast iyav Sen sibrZniTa savs, / marTl-gangebiT msajuli, / obolTa mwyalobeli, / Semwe dawunebulTa / da msajuli qurivTa!~ (27).

mefis uangaroba. aucilebeli sazomi mefis, rogorc adamianis, zneobriobisa misi uangarobaa. es Temac aqcentirebulia minCxis himnSi: `yovladve / arasada Seipyra Tavi Tsi / Tevdosi / simdidreTa maT gardareulTa~ (16); mefe ar unda waritacos simdidrem: `ara xvidode / mdidarTa Tana, arca / iqceode uRirsTa Tana, Tevdosi!~ (31).

zneobrivi mefe qveSevrdomTa keTildReobis garanti. mefis sazrunavia qveSevrdomTa ara mxolod moraluri simrTele, aramed materialuri keTildReobac. es Tema himnSi tropuladaa gaformebuli mdinare nilosis mxatvruli gaazrebiT: nilosi siuxvis metaforaa. mefe _ `RmrTis msaxuri da mis mier pativcemuli~, `RmerTSemosili~, `RvTis moSiSi~ uflis wyalobiT bunebazec ki mbrZaneblobs da amiT uzrunvelhyofs

12

qveSevrdomTa keTildReobas: `dagamorCilna mdinarenica qristeman, / RmerTSemosilo Tevdosi! / miuwere Sen nilossa / da mouwode, raTa morwyos / queyana wyurieli!~ (22).

rogorc ukve vTqviT, ioane minCxis himnSi cxadad ikveTeba aRZruli Temis aqtualoba da praqtikuli mizandasaxuleba: himnografi wmindanad Seracxuli mefis uaRresad STambeWdavi saxis SeqmniT saqarTvelos mefes _ himnografis Tanamedrovesa Tu momavals xelisuflis am ideals sTavazobs, rogorc misabaZ nimuSs.

unda iTqvas mTavari: am himniT ioane minCxi gvevlineba, rogorc qarTuli politikuri Teologiis ara erT-erTi, aramed pirveli SesaniSnavi Teoretikosi, romelic pirvelma Seqmna mefis, rogorc sakraluri da moraluri pirovnebis ideisa da idealis Teoria. sagulisxmoa, rom mefis zemoxsenebuli sami hipostasidan adamiani sakraluri, moraluri, politikuri xalxis cnobierebaSi saukuneTa manZilze yvelaze Zlierad xelisuflis, rogorc moraluri pirovnebis, hipostasi aRibeWda; igi dResac maqsimalurad aqtualuria.

damowmebani:

besmertni 1995: . .

. // . . . .: 1995.

viqtori 1997: . . . // . ., 1997. iordani 1997: . . ., 1997. kantaroviCi 1957: Kantorowocz Eznst H. The King's Two Bodies. A Study in Mediaeval Political Theology.

Princetin, New Jersey. Princeton University Press, 1957. kekeliZe 1951: kekeliZe k. Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis istoria. t. I, Tb.: 1951. kekeliZe 1974: kekeliZe k. etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan. XIII, Tb.: 1974. le gofi 1994: . ? //

Thesis, 1994, . 4. malinini 1995: . . " " XIV-XV . // c. .

. .: 1995. minCxi 1946: minCxi ioane. seneba RmrTiv-grgnosanisa mefisa Tevdosi morwmunisa

sasawauliTa moqmedisa. // Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia. I, Sedgenili solomon yubaneiSvilis mier. Tb.: 1946.

saeklesio... 1908: mokle saekklesio istoria. quTaisi: 1908. sozomeni 1912: . . , 1851. sokrati 1912: . . , 1912. qarTlis cxovreba 1955: qarTlis cxovreba. teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris

mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier. I, Tb.: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1955. javaxiSvili 1905: javaxiSvili i. saqarTvelos mefe da misi uflebis istoria. tf.: 1905. javaxiSvili 1929: javaxiSvili i. qarTuli samarTlis istoria. wigni meore. nakveTi meore. tf.:

1929. Mariam Karbelashvili

The Conception of the King in Ioanne Minchkhis Hymn Dedicated to Theodosius the Great

(Materials for the History of Georgian Political Thought)

Summary

The article deals with the analysis of some problems of Georgian political theology reflected in Ioanne Minchkhis (X century) hymn dedicated to the king Theodosius the Great (379-395).

The basis for this research is Ernst Kantorovichs book The Kings Two Bodies. A Study in Medieval Political Theology, as well as I. Javakhishvilis and K. Kekelidzes works.

Ioanne Minchkhis hymn is prominent by its versatility of presentation the ideal image of Christlike king and shows a high level of early medieval political thought in Georgia.

13

goCa kuWuxiZe

armazuli misteriebis detalebi

armazul dResaswaulSi, romelic, `moqceva qarTlisa~-s mixedviT, mcxeTaSi Semosulma wmida ninom aRwera, SeiZleba gamomzeurdes qarTvelTa warmarTuli ritualis araerTi detali: gaisma xma `sayvirisa da gamovida eri uricx, viTarca yuavilosanni, zarni da saSinelni gamovidodes. xolo mef arRasada SeZrul iyo~ (Zeglebi 1964: 118)...

dResaswaulis dasawyisia. mcxeTaSi mosuli qarTvelTa momavali ganmanaTlebeli zeims adevnebs Tvals. mis monaTxrobSi ritualisadmi ucxoeTidan Camosuli asulisaTvis bunebrivi interesi igrZnoba; igrZnoba, rom ar icis, Tu rogoria es rituali; mas mefis naxvac ainteresebs, _ hgonia, rom dResaswaulze pirveli igi gamoCndeba, _ ar icis, rom mefis gamoCenamde dResaswauls sxva movlenebi uZRvis win (vfiqrobT, teqstis miRma mimaluli es advilad verSesamCnevi ganwyobilebac, romelic imaze migvaniSnebs, rom armazianTa dResaswaulis aRwera winaswar mofiqrebul, yalb gamonagons ki ara, aramed, uSualo STabeWdilebas emyareba, mravalTa Soris, erT-erTi damatebiTi argumentia, rac Zeglis meoTxe saukuniT daTariRebaSi gvexmareba... daTariRebis sakiTxebze ix.: siraZe: 1999, siraZe 1997; siraZe 1998; CxartiSvili 1987; baramiZe 2003).

zeimis dasawyisSi mravalferad Semosili adamianebi gamodian `viTarca yuavilosanni,~ Semdeg ki sxva adamianebi gamoCndebian, _ `sxua simravle erTa gamovida aRuracxeli dedebiTurT da yrmebiT. da mefe arRara SeZrul iyo jereT~, _ gviambobs Satberduli `wmida ninos cxovreba~.

Satberduli redaqciiT iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba, TiTqos `folorcze~ pirvelad mefe unda gamoCndes: `da mefe arRara SeZrul iyo jereT. da viTarca gamovidoda, iwyes sivltola da mimorideba iqiT da aqaT gzisagan~ (Zeglebi 1964: 118), _ magram netari nino Txrobas ase ganagrZobs: `da gamo-sadme-vidoda nana dedofali~.

Cans, zeimi ise warimarTeba, iseTi saritualo inventari gamoiyeneba, rac mefesTan aris dakavSirebuli, masTan asocirdeba da miuxedavad imisa, rom mefe fizikurad jer ar gamoCenila, misi myofoba mainc igrZnoba... albaT, moritualeTa qmedebac iseTia, rom iq myofTa yuradRebis arealSi, maT warmosaxvaSi, folorcze jer argamosuli mefe ukve moeqces...

`folorcze~ pirveli mainc nana dedofali gamodis (mefe iyo kidec da arc iyo pirveli...)... WeliSuri redaqciiT, dedoflis gamosvlis win niSans iZlevian (`Jam-sca Jamman~) da `folorcze~ nana dedofali modis. rogorc Cans, sasaxlidan Tu sakulto Senobidan gamodian mefe da dedofali, kultmsaxurebi...

yuradRebas is faqti iqcevs, rom nana dedofals wmida nino, dedoflis momavali mkurnali, ver xedavs, mxolod is icis, rom sadRac gaiara dedofalma (`gamo-sadme-vidoda nana dedofali~)... sayuradRebo isic aris, rom irgvliv Sekrebili xalxi am dros mimorbis da `yoveli kaci~, rogorc Cans, sagangebod maTTvis momzadebul `safarvelsa queSe~ imaleba.

Cans, es yofila rituali, romlis drosac sagangebo safarvels agebdnen, da amgvarad xdeboda imitom, rom ritualSi monawile xalxs dedoflis Sexedvis ufleba ara hqonia... winaswari niSnis Semdeg, dedoflis gasvlis win, xalxi imaleba. nino mociquli albaT moSorebiT dgas, mas albaT ver xedaven warmarTebi; cxadia, wmida nino winaswar momzadebul ,,safarvelSi~ ar daimaleba, dedoflisagan Tvalis aridebas veravin mosTxovs mas, magram ninoc ver xedavs kerpebisaken salocavad mimaval dedofals...

unda vifiqroT, rom dedofali didZali mxleblebiT aris garSemortymuli, uTuod taZris msaxurTa mier... qurumTa, taZris msaxurTa Soris Semaluli idumalad Caivlis xalxis winaSe dedofali... da CvenTvis sruliad aSkara xdeba, rom armazul dResaswaulze xalxs dedoflis Sexedvis nebas ar aZlevdnen; aSkaraa, rom xalxi imaleboda da imasac cxadad vxedavT, rom am ritualze specialur `safarvels~ agebdnen _ armazobis dResaswaulze xalxs dedoflis Sexedva ekrZaleboda.

dedoflis Cavlis Semdeg isev sxva xalxi gamodis ,,folorcze~ da sxvadasxva feris `samosliTa~ da `furcliT~ amkobs mas: `maSinRa neliadRa gamovida sxua eri friad. da Seamkves yoveli foloci bisoniTa da ZoweuliTa da samosliTa TTo saxiTa da ferad-feradiTa WreliTa~ (Zeglebi 1964: 118).

,,neliad gamosuli~ `sxua eri~, wynarad momavali axali jgufi, amjerad ukve mefis Sesagebeblad amkobs `yovel folocs~ (SesaZloa, iq ramdenime `folocia~, romlebic odnav SemaRlebuli iqneba...); `da iwyo yovelman erman qeba mefisa. maSin gamovida mirian mefe TualT-SeudgamiTa xilviTa~.

14

qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli Txrobas ase ganagrZobs: `xolo me vhkiTxe huriasa dedakacsa, Tu ra ars? da man mrqua: `RmerTi RmerTTa uwess, romel (ars) armaz dawyeuli~ (Zeglebi 1964: 119).

mcxeTaSi Camosuli asuli gviambobs: `da warved xilvad mis aramazissa. da aRivsnes mTani igi droSiTa da eriTa, viTarca yuaviliTa. xolo meve Seuswar cixed armazad da davdeg maxlobelad kerpisa mis napralsa kldisasa~ (Zeglebi 1964: 119).

albaT, aqedan ukeT SeiZleba yovelives danaxva... Semdeg wmida nino kerpebs _ armazs, gacsa da gas aRgviwers.

`mefeTa cxovreba~, romelic `moqceva qarTlisas~ eyrdnoba, am epizods ase gadmogvcems: `gamovida mirian mefe sazareliTa da TualT-SeudgamiTa xilviTa~ (qarTlis cxovreba 1955: 88)...

rogorc Cans, dedoflisagan gansxvavebiT, mefis danaxva SesaZlebelia, magram aSkaraa isic, rom misi saxe `TualT-Seudgamia~, mefis saxe ar Cans. arsebobs mosazreba, rom mefes am dros niRabi ukeTia...

radgan netari nino aseT kiTxvas svams: `ra ars ese?~, radgan aseT pasuxs Rebulobs: ,,RmerTi RmerTTa uwess, romel (ars) armaz dawyeuli~, _ Cans, qarTvelTa momaqcevlis TvalTa winaSe ucnauri sanaxaoba gadaSlila ,,TualT-Seudgami~ mefis saxiT da asuls uxsnian, Tu rad aqvs mefes aseTi Sesaxedaoba _ mas armazi mouwodebs Tavisken, armazis Tanaarsi unda gaxdes miriani, mas unda miemsgavsos, mirianis individualoba, misi ,,me~ armazs unda Seerwyas... ueWvelia, rom am dResaswaulze armazis niRabi ukeTia mirian mefes... Cven eWvi ar gvepareba imaSi, rom armazobis dResaswaulze, romelic wmida ninos unaxavs, dedoflis danaxva ekrZaleba xalxs da, Tumc, kerpebisaken mimaval mirian mefes xedaven, misi saxis danaxvac akrZalulia...

sruliad ueWvelia gvgonia, rom armazobis dResaswaulze mefe da dedofali da, albaT, araerTi kerpTmsaxuri da amisaTvis Rirsad miCneuli adamiani sulieri metamorfozisaTvis emzadebian, isini armazis sulier sauflos unda Seerwyan da aseT dros yuradReba, rogorc maT miaCniaT, dabal miwier sferoebSi mcxovrebma ubirma adamianebma ar unda daurRvion; isini ganridebulni arian xalxisagan, armazis sulier sauflos miaxlebulan, mirians armazis niRabi exmareba am miaxlebaSi da ar aris SeuZlebeli, rom, armazisa ara, magram, metamorfozisaTvis, axal saxeSi SerwymisaTvis saWiro raime niRabi nana dedofalsac ekeTos...

mouwodebs miriansa da nanas armazi Tavis sulier saufloSi... mefemac da dedofalmac garkveulwilad unda dakargon sakuTari individualoba, yovel SemTxvevaSi, misteriis dros mTeli arsebiT unda Seecadon, rom axal sulierebaSi gardaisaxon... misteriis Semdeg Semobrundebian miwier samyaroSi, magram maT suls, maT saxes kerpebTan mimsgavsebis raime niSani mainc unda Seematos... dedofali iqneb armazuli triadis im erT-erT kerps unda Seerwyas, romelic qalur, dambadeblur sawyisTan igivdeba (vfiqrobT, rom es aris `ga~... am sakiTxebze ix. _ kuWuxiZe 2000: 73-74) da amgvarad oriveni garkveulwilad unda Seicvalon...

mefe da dedofali axali saxisani unda gaxdnen... Zveli suliereba SeZlebisdagvarad unda Caklan TavianT sulSi da axali ki dabadon... xalxma arc `momakvdavi~ saxeba ar unda ixilos mefisa da dedoflisa da arc axlis dabadebis uflebas aZleven mas... Zvelis kvdoma da axlis dabadeba sakraluri procesia da esec aris erT-erTi mizezi, ris gamoc misteriaze myofi mirianisa da nanas danaxvis ufleba xalxs ara aqvs.

armazobis dResaswaulze mefe-dedofali am samyaros sulierad scildeba, armazul sulier saufloSi Sesuli ganaxlebuli saxisa xdeba da Secvlili ubrundeba am samyaros... vfiqrobT, rom armazobis dResaswaulze axal adamianebad gardaqmnis misteria aResruleba, ueWvelia, _ xalxs mefe-dedoflis Sexedvis ufleba ara aqvs.

armazis kerpi, romelsac, Cans, mieaxlnen mefe da dedofali, asea aRwerili: `dga kaci erTi spilenZisa, da tansa ecua jaW oqroisa, da Tavsa missa edga Cafxuti oqrosa da samarni oqrosanive da Tualni viTarca frcxili da bivriti, da elsa missa aqunda rmali, viTarca elva ra brwyinvida da iqceoda elsa Sina missa, reca romelica Seexebodis, viTarca Tavi Tsi sikudilad ganwiris~ (Zeglebi 1964: 119); WeliSur redaqciaSi weria: `elsa missa aqunda rmali lesuli, romeli brwyinvida da iqceoda elsa Sina~ (Zeglebi 1964: 119); `mefeTa cxovreba~ am suraTs ase gadmogvcems: `elTa misTa aqunda rmali brwyinvale, viTarca elva, da iqceoda elTa Sina~ (qarTlis cxovreba 1955: 89).

xalxi SiSiT Sehyurebs armazs, romlis xelSic `brwyinvale~ `rmali~ brunavs, trialebs (`iqceva~)...

15

rogori unda iyos is `rmali lesuli~, `elvis msgavsi~, romelsac sxva SemTxvevaSi `maxli~ ewodeba da romelic kerpis xelSi brunavs (xalxs eSinia, rom, Tu dideba daakles am did kerp armazs, igi `scems~ maT Tavis `maxls~; _ qarTlis cxovreba 1955: 89)?

Zneli warmosadgenia Cveulebrivi xmlis formis msgavsi iaraRi, romelic qandakebis xelSi brunavs... `rmali~ (`maxli~), Tuki igi qandakebis xelSi marTla trialebs (`iqceva~), safiqrebelia, rom, aris maradiuli wrebrunvis gamomxatveli romelime simbolo... ramdenadac teqstebSi alesil xmalze (maxvilze) aris laparaki, safiqrebeli xdeba, rom armazis xelSi ara disko, aramed Tanabarzomieri, alesili gverdebis mqone romeliRac emblema brunavs, es SeiZleba iyos warmarTuli jvari, ufro _ svastika...

teqstSi `rmali~ elvasTan aris mimsgavsebuli... an unda vifiqroT, rom mzis sxivi irekleba am emblemidan, an is xdeba savaraudo, rom dResaswaulze romeliRac saSualebiT cecxli elvardeba emblemaze, rom cecxlovan jvarsa Tu svastikas atrialeben dResaswaulze qurumebi... am SemTxvevaSi saboloo mtkicebisagan Tavs SevikavebT, mxolod varauds gamovTqvamT... sakiTxs met naTels warmarTul ritualebSi paralelebis moZieba mogvcems. Tu armazuli triada xeTur kerpebTan aris dakavSirebuli, rogorc es akad. grigol giorgaZem sakmaod damajereblad, dokumentirebulad warmoaCina (giorgaZe 1985), maSin paralelebis Zieba upirvelesad xeTur samyaroSi iqneba saWiro...

xeTur samyaroze msjelobisas, mas Semdeg, rac xeTur da qarTul kerpTa aRwerilobebSi gr. giorgaZis mier uSualo paralelebis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb vsaubrobdiT, Cven vwerdiT: sainteresoa, _ `kerpebi Ria cis qveS edgaT, rogorc amas garkveul periodSi xeTebi akeTebdnen, Tu uSualod SenobaSi inaxeboda, rogorc es, xeTebis SemTxvevaSi, `axali samefos~ Seqmnis periodidan xdeboda~ (statiaSi miTiTebuli gvaqvs: gr. giorgaZe 1985: 151)... `am sakiTxis gadawyvetis Semdeg SeiZleba daaxloebiT mainc gairkves, konkretulad xeTebis romeli xanis samefosTan iyo dakavSirebuli qarTveluri tomi... unda zustad dadgindes, _ xom ar aris safiqrebeli, rom armazi, gaci da ga dResaswaulisas taZridan gareT gamohqondaT xolme~ (kuWuxiZe 2004: 31).

Cven vxedavT, rom wmida nino Soriaxlodan, armazis cixidan, ufro Tu davazustebT, ,,kldis napralidan~ adevnebs Tvals armazobas (,,Seuswar cixed armazad da davdeg maxlobelad kerpisa mis, napralsa kldisasa~, _ brZanebs wmida nino, _ Zeglebi 1964: 119). irgvliv Sekrebili uamravi adamiani xedavs am kerpebs... teqstSi naxsenebia ,,zRudeni~, romlebic ,,qarman sastikman~ [...] Cayarna kldesa~ (Zeglebi 1964: 121)... e.i. moCans es kerpebi. `moqcevas~ Tanaxmad, mcxeTis dResaswaulisas movardnil qars marto kerpebi ki ara, `zRudenic~ daungrevia... Cans, es zRudeebi uSualod kerpebs ertymoda gars, romlebic wvimasa da qars kerpebTan erTad daungrevia... es zRudeebi, marTalia, ara klasikur, magram erTgvar sataZro Senobad mainc SeiZleba miviCnioT...

SeiZleba Tu ara davuSvaT, rom kerpebi winaswar mihqondaT im adgilas, sadac Semdeg mefe-dedofali da mTeli xalxi midioda? daatarebdnen maT iqiT-aqeT? vfiqrobT, es naklebad savaraudoa.

adgili, romelzec kerpebi miriansa da nanas `iwvevdnen~ ritualisas, romlis maxloblad gaemarTa netari nino, raTa `kldis napralSi~ Sefaruls kerpebi daenaxa (`warved xilvad mis aramazissa~), am kerpebis mudmivi samyofelia... netari ninos monaTxrobis Tanaxmad, setyva mxolod im adgilas misula, sadac kerpebi idga. TxrobaSi es erTi adgilia gamokveTili rogorc warmarTTa umTavresi centri, rogorc gansakuTrebulad uwmiduri... Txrobis konteqsts Tu verwmunebiT, armazis cixis axlos mdebare es adgili unda moviazroT borotebis mTavar centrad... es SemozRuduli adgili aris kerpebis mudmivi adgilsamyofeli...

setyva da qari angrevs kerpebs da, garda imisa, rom kerpebs yvela xedavs, aqedanac Cans, rom isini mtkice SenobaSi ki ar inaxeba, amgvari Senobidan ki ar icqireba xalxis SemaSinebeli armazi, aramed aSkaraa, rom kerpebi naxevrad gaxsnil nagebobaSi arian daculni `zRudeTa~ mier... wmida nino brZanebs, rom `moiRo setyua litrisa swori~, _ Cans, es iseTi setyvaa, romelic erTi mxridan Zlierad ecema kerpebs, zRudeebs Soris gasasvlels poulobs... zemoTqmulic ganamtkicebs mosazrebas, rom, rogorc ukve iTqva, aseT SemTxvevaSi taZris klasikur Senobaze ara, magram iseT nagebobaze SegviZlia laparaki, romelic mxolod zRudeebisagan Sedgeba, es ar aris daxurul kedlebiani Senoba. kerpebi mTlianad ar arian daculni. nawilobriv Ria cis qveS imyofebian, oRond mxolod nawilobriv... qarTuli kerpebi im periodis xeTur salocavebs hgavs, romelTac Ria cis qveS inaxavdnen xeTebi... magram isic cxadia, rom sataZro nagebobis niSnebic arsebobs me-4 s-is qarTlSi. safiqrebelia, rom kerpebis genezisi xeTebis uZvelesi periodis panTeonidan iRebs saTaves, magram SemdgomSi Zvel qarTul salocavebs cvlileba unda hqondes gancdili... am sakiTxebze ufro sruli pasuxi, xeTuri ritualebis Sesaxeb SemorCenili cnobebis garda, arqeologiurma monacemebma SeiZleba mogvces...

16

aqve gvinda davZinoT, rom, rogorc adre Sesrulebul naSromSi aRvniSnavdiT, Cveni azriT, is kerpebi, romlebic mcxeTaSi wmida ninom naxa, TavianTi SinaarsiT qarTulia. kerpebs Sinaarsi, saxelebi, albaT, garegnuli formis araerTi niuansi, farnavazis dros aqvs Secvlili... kerpebi, Cans, uZvelesi periodis xeTur samyarosTan kavSirSi Seiqmna, magram farnavaziseuli reformis dros isini sruliad gansxvavebuli Sinaarsisa gaxda _ farnavazma Seqmna rogorc aRmosavlur (iranulTan), ise berZnul-romaul panTeonTan mimsgavsebuli, oRond sruliad TviTmyofadi qarTuli salocavebi (am sakiTxebze ufro vrclad vmsjelobT sxva werilSi _ kuWuxiZe 2000: 79). es aris erTgvarad oficialuri salocavebi. xalxSi amavdroulad cnobilia sxva RvTaebebic, iqneba es kviria Tu mzeqali... xalxi Tayvans scems `qvaTa da ZelTa, da spilenZsa da rkinasa da rvalsa, gamoberviT ganWedilsa~ (Zeglebi 1964: 120)... farnavazi aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris harmoniuli urTierTobis miRwevas cdilobs _ armazs gansxvavebul Sinaarss aZlevs, magram saxeliT iranul RvTaebas _ ahuramazdas amsgavsebs... es, cxadia, iranis kulturul samyarosTan urTierTobas garkveulwilad gauadvilebs, SedarebiT advili gaxdeba urTierToba iranis momxre ZalebTan; udavoa, rom, qarTlSi arsebuli armazianobis arsebobis miuxedavad, irani mainc cdilobs, rom aq oficialuri armazianobis paralelurad mazdeanobac Zlieri iyos... qristianobis winare periodis qarTlis kulturaze iranuli zegavlena marTlac SesamCnevia, `es dResac naTlad vlindeba qarTveli xalxis materialursa da sulier kulturaSi: miTebsa da religiur warmodgenebSi, enasa da mTel rig wes-CveulebebSi~ (giunaSvili 2006: 25), iranis kulturul kvals adasturebs lingvisturi monacemebi, Sapur I-is da sasanelTa mTavari mogvis _ qardiris warwerebi, arqeologiuri masala, mdidari enobrivi monacemebi (giunaSvili 2006: 25).

`wmida ninos cxovrebis~ epizodi, romelSic kerpTa msxvrevaa aRwerili, garda imisa, rom qarTuli warmarTobis uZvelesi Sreebis gamomJRavnebis saSualebas iZleva, kompoziciurad sakmaod kargad aris gamarTuli da erTgvari damoukidebeli novelis STabeWdilebas tovebs. am SemTxvevaSi, detalebze saubrisas, Cven xsenebuli epizodis ukve mxatvrul formaze, masTan dakavSirebul niuansebsa da detalebze gvinda gadmovitanoT sityva, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas, amjerad zemodan davxedavT nawarmoebs...

Cven erTi garemoeba unda gaviTvaliswinoT aucileblad _ hagiografma mweralma SeiZleba mravalgvari forma misces nawarmoebs, ama Tu im epizods... magram Tu mTxrobeli marTla kargi ostatia, nawarmoebs igi arasodes ar daukargavs bunebrivobas, cocxali, namdvili suraTebi, realurad momxdari ambavi yovelTvis sagrZnobi iqneba miseul TxrobaSi (hagiografi zogjer miniSnebebiT gvixatavs ama Tu im gmiris sulSi momxdar movlenebs...). CvenTvis saintereso epizodi erTi mcire magaliTia imisa, Tu rogor SeiZleba mweralma imgvarad miiRos nawarmoebis sasurveli forma, rom teqstSi, vityviT ase, `ar waiSalos is informacia~, romelic momavalSi mkvlevarT axali realiebis moZiebis saSualebas miscems...

sakmaod efeqturia kerpTa msxvrevis epizodi. Tu epizodis dasawyisSi mozeimeTa xma ismis, ismis `ora saSineli da SesaZrwunebeli erTa uricuTa da ma sayrTa friadTa~, Tu wmida ninos winaSe `zarni da saSinelni gamovidodes~, epizodis bolos ukve sul sxva xmebi moismis: ,,da aha wamis-yofiTa Tualisasa dasavleTiT SeiZrnes haerni da qarni sastikni da ma-sces RrubelTa quxiliTa, miTa sazareliTa da saSineliTa. da aCnda Rrubeli moswrafe, niSan-saSineli~ (Zeglebi 1964: 121).

axla ukve sul sxva movlenebis mauwyebeli niSnebi Cndeba. dasavleTidan erTbaSad amovardnili sastiki qari moiwevs da zemodan sazareli da saSineli xmebi gadmodis quxilisa... adamianTagan atexil xmaurobas zeciuri xmebi axSobs da zeciuri ganwyobileba batondeba irgvliv... ase ikvreba epizodis dasawyisi da dasasruli...

mTxrobeli sulier movlenebze gvelaparakeba, magram Cven kargad unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom misTvis fizikuri movlenebi sulieris gamoxatulebaa, rom yovelive, rac fizikur samyaroSi xdeba, sulieris gamovlinebaa da, amdenad, roca mTxrobeli qarTvelTaTvis RmerTis Sewevnaze, am SemTxvevaSi, kerpebis daqcevaze, gvelaparakeba, miseul TxrobaSi Tavisuflad ixateba am samyaroSi momxdari faqtebi (hagiografia, Tu ki mas sworad wavikiTxavT, istoriografiisaTvis fasdaudebeli ganZia; Tavis mxriv, saistorio proza mxatvruli literaturis Cinebul nimuSebad warmogvidgeba xolme...).

TiTqos mTeli samyaro SeuZravs gamCens, ismis mexTatexis, zeciuri quxilis xmebi... dasavleTidan uberavs qari, romelsac wamouRia suni `jerkuali simyralisa~ da, garda imisa, rom aq kerpTmsaxurTa sulierebaSi uwmidurebis warwymedazea laparaki, teqsti saSualebas gvaZlevs gavarkvioT, rom kerpTmsaxurebisas cecxlsa da sxvadasxva saritualo zeTs iyenebdnen qarTveli armaziani qurumebi.

17

xalxi amjeradac garbis... jer folorcze dedoflisa da mefis Cavlisas daimalnen; Semdeg SeZrwunebulni Sehyurebdnen maT winaSe aRmarTul, xelSi cecxlovani ,,maxlis~ motriale armazs da SiSiT iZaxdnen: `va, Tu povos ra biwi Cem Tana da mces me maxli misi, romlisa eSinis yovelsa queyanasa~ (Zeglebi 1964: 119)...

amjerad ki ukve zeciur quxils SeuSinebia qarTveli warmarTebi da garbian yvelani: `maSin ivltoda yoveli kaci soflad da qalaqad da me vxedevdi egodensa mas zargan- dilebasa maTsa~, _ brZanebs wmida nino...

Semdeg qarTvelTa mociquli amas ambobs: ,,viTxove maRliT da eca dro da SeiWra yoveli sayofelTa Sina TsTa~ (Zeglebi 1964: 121).

aq mxatvruli Sepirispirebaa _ Tu armazuli dResaswaulis dasawyisisas `Jam-sca Jamman~ da ,,sivltola da mimodavla iyo yovlisa kacisa~, axla warmarTni dedoflisa da mefisagan ki ara, aramed, ukve Tavad dambadeblis risxvisagan imalebian...

da lewavs qari da setyva kerpTa mxareSi yovelives. Zalian dinamiuria kerpTa msxvrevis aRmweri winadadebebi. zmnaTa ganmeorebani iseT ganwyobilebas qmnis, TiTqos sityvebi uecrad movardnili setyvis goraxebs damsgavsebulano da Cvens Tvalwin Zalian cocxlad, xatovnad, naTlad warmodgeba, Tu rogor imtvreva, iqceva, rogor mieqaneba ufskrulisaken ZvelTaZveli salocavebi: ,,da dalewna kerpni igi, dafqvna da daawulilna, da daarRvna zRudeni igi qarman sastikman da Cayarna kldesa mas, romelsa Tvalni Tquenni xedvides~ (Zeglebi 1964: 121).

TiTqos etapobrivad vxedavT kerpTa ganagurebis suraTebs da bolos ki saboloo suraTis daxatva surs didostat aRmwers _ kldeSi Cayris suraTiT TiTqos beWedi esmeba kerpTa saboloo ganadgurebis istoriis xatvas. aq aSkarad vxedavT im avtors, romelic mxatvruli literaturis Semoqmedebis sferos Zalian kargad icnobs (Tavad wmida ninoa am ambis momTxrobi. salome ujarmeli da peroJavr sivnieli ki iweren monaTxrobs... ,,wmida ninos cxovrebaSi~ sxadasxva mTxrobelis avtoriseuli stili ZiriTadad SenarCunebulia, monaTxrobTa SeerTebisas igrZnoba redaqtirebis kvali... am sakiTxebze vmsjelobT calke werilSi _ kuWuxiZe 1999: 139-140).

armazobis grandiozul dResaswaulze masSi monawileTa emociebma kulminacias maSin miaRwia, roca SeZrwunebulni Sehyurebdnen armazs... `wmida ninos cxovrebaSi~ CarTul am patara `novelaSi~ Txrobis ganviTareba im epizodSi aRwevs kulminacias, roca wmida nino tiriliT SesTxovs ufals qarTvelTa gadarCenas, kvanZi arcTu mosalodneli dasasruliT ixsneba _ wvima da TqeSi, setyva amsxvrevs kerpebs da qarTvelebi salocavebis gareSe rCebian da meore dRes ki Sewuxebulni eZeben TavianT kerpebs... locva swadiaT da salocavebi ki aRar aqvT, hagiografiisaTvis arcTu damaxasiaTebeli erTgvarad tragikuli suraTic ki ixateba TiTqos... magram es yovelive uflis fericvalebis dRes xdeba, rac imis niSania, rom xalxisa da e. i. mTeli qveynis uflismieri fericvaleba male moxdeba... tragikul mdgomareobaSi myof qarTvelebs male WeSmariti RvTisadmi, swor gzaze yovlis damyeneblisa da ganmacocxlebelisadmi locvis saSualeba miecemaT (mefe miriani salocavebis gareSe faqtiurad uRmerTod darCa maSin, roca TxoTis mTaze myofi veRarc Zvel RmerTebze loculobda da jer wmida ninos RmerTic ver eRiarebina, roca erTxans, macxovris gamocxadebamde, `cocxliv jojoxeTsa Sigan~ iyo moqceuli... im wuTebSi saerTod uRmerTod aris darCenili miriani; man gaacnobiera, rom kerpebi veRar gaunaTeben samomavlo gzas. TxoTis mTaze yofnisas gadawyvita qristianTa devnis dawyeba da armazis Tayvaniscemis ganmtkiceba... radgan marTlac Zalian gonieri iyo mefe, Cans, swrafad gaicnobiera, rom devnasa da kacis kvlas gadarCenisaken ver mihyavs adamiani, rom Zveli kerpebi veRar gaunaTebdnen rwmenis gzas, ver daadginebdnen WerSmaritebisaken, ukvdavebisaken aRmaval gzaze... da, radgan misi uRiareblobis gamo, ukvdavebisaken, mamisaken wamyvani qriste macxovari jer ar iyo masTan misuli, sanam gamoecxadeboda `sulieri mze~, manamde srul ukuneTSi Cavarda miriani (kuWuxiZe 2000: 89). am sakiTxze sityvas aRar gavagrZelebT. mxolod erTs aRvniSnavT _ srul uRmerTobaSi adamianis moqcevis motivi antikur literaturaSi iSviaTad gvxvdeba (ufro _ alegoriuli formiT), me-19 da me-20 ss-is literaturaSi, cxadia, iZebneba igi... miriani aRiarebs macxovars da am dros misTvis sicocxlisaken ixsneba gza...

kerpebis damsxvreviT daiwyo is movlena, romelic Semdeg TxoTis mTaze gagrZelda _ mirianisaTvis `Zveli mze~ Caqra da `axalma mzem~ gaunaTa mas da mTel qarTvel ers sicocxlisa da ukvdavebis gza...

`wmida ninos cxovrebaSi~ kargad ikveTeba kerpebis msxvrevisadmi miZRvnili novelis msgavsi patara moTxroba, romelic iseTi saxis mxatvruli teqstiT aris mkiTxvelisaTvis mowodebuli, rom Zvel qarTvelTa religiuri cxovrebis niuansebSi garkvevis saSualeba eZleodes sruliad sxva periodSi mcxovreb mkvlevars.

18

damowmebani: baramiZe 2003: baramiZe r. qarTuli mwerlobis saTaveebTan. literaturuli Ziebani. XXIV, Tb.:

2003. giorgaZe 1985: giorgaZe gr. xeTur-armazuli `triadebi~. Jurnali mnaTobi, 5, Tb.: 1985. giunaSvili 2006: giunaSvili e. islamamdeli irani da qristianobamdeli saqarTvelo:

kulturul zegavlenaTa sakiTxebi lingvistur monacemTa Suqze (iranuli religiuri terminologia qarTulSi). mexuTe saerTaSoriso qarTvelologiuri simpoziumis masalebi. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, Tb.: 2006.

kuWuxiZe 1999: kuWuxiZe g. kidev erTxel `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ daTariRebisaTvis. literaturuli Ziebani. XIX, Tb.: 1999.

kuWuxiZe 2000: kuWuxiZe g. qarTveli armazianebi qristeanuli epoqis zRurblze. Jurnali religia, 1-2-3, Tb.: 2000.

kuWuxiZe 2004: kuWuxiZe g. uZvelesi qarTuli teqsti? kreb. klasikuri da Tanamedrove qarTuli mwerloba, 7, Tb.: 2004.

siraZe 1989: siraZe r. `ninos cxovreba~ da dasawyisi qarTuli mwerlobisa. J. ,,ganTiadi~, 2, Tb.: 1989.

siraZe 1997: siraZe r. `wmida ninos cxovreba~ da dasawyisi qarTuli agiografiisa. Tb.:1997. siraZe 1998: siraZe r. `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ saxismetyveleba. Tb.: 1998. qarTlis cxovreba 1955: qarTlis cxovreba. I, teqsti dadgenili yvela xelnaweris mixedviT

simon yauxCiSvilis mier, Tb., 1955. CxartiSvili 1987: CxartiSvili m. qarTuli hagiografiis wyaroTmcodneobiTi Seswavlis

problemebi. ,,cxoreba wmidisa ninosi~. Tb.: 1987. Zeglebi 1964: Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi. dasabeWdad moamzades il.

abulaZem, n. aTanelaSvilma, n. goguaZem, l. qajaiam, c. qurcikiZem, c. Wankievma da c. jRamaiam ilia abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiTa da redaqciiT. I, Tb.: 1964.

Gocha Kuchukhidze

Details of Armazic Mysteries

Summary

In the Life of Saint Nino there is one episode, which is connected with the smash of Georgian idols:

Armaz, Gats and Ga. Artistic-stylistic analyze shows that this episode in the writing is actually an introductory small novel. It starts with the description of horrible and terrifying sound of thunder, which is the herald of the beginning of heathenish ritual, how people are running and hiding on a festive occasion, while the king and the queen are walking toward the idolsAt the end of the episode frightened people are again running, and again hiding for this time they are frightened by the celestial thunder came running rain, wind and hail by the will of God is destroying Georgians old sacred images and are preparing people to get the new religion.

This introductory episode in the Life of Saint Nino is well tied together composedly. The most interesting is that according to Saint Ninos life, the tale about smashing the idols was narrated by saint Nino herself and which was written down by two listeners: Salome Ujarmeli (Salome from Ujarma) and Perozhavr Sivnieli (from Sivnieti) The text has an effect of editorial sign, but if we believe the story the author of this place of life can be considered saint Nino herself.

The text of the Life of Saint Nino is created so that beyond narrating, with the style languages of images are not only the soul appearances, but also historical details happened in the physical cases. The artistic specification of Hagiographic text always implies such readers, who are able to read the historical realities. The text of the Life of Saint Nino is interesting as for artistic analyzes, as well as for historical and ethnographical research point of view. While searching it is observed that on the Festive occasion of Armaz, people did not had any right to see the faces of the king and the queen, which is connected with the specificity of heathenish mystery; The mystery described in the Life of Saint Nino implies the soul renovation of the person, similar as reborn (there is a talk in the text about the beginning of soul renovation, when there is retold the episodes of the King Mirian while hunting in the mountain of Tkhoti and episodes of building the Svetitskhoveli); In the work there is consideration that idol Armaz is holding in the hands swastika or equal sided heathenish cross, which was turned by the priests with some sources Armaz, Gats and Ga were located not in the classical but in the half protected building The research gives us opportunity to share the consideration that mentioned three idols genesis is related to the ancient kingdom of Yetis, but afterwards, mainly in the times of King Parnavazs religious reforms, they may have undergone the several changes.

In the article there is talk about this and other issues in details.

19

soso maxaraSvili

bibliuri da literaturuli paradigmebi basili monazonis

(protoasikritis) `wm. ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebaSi~

basili monazonis `wm. ilarion qarTvelis cxovreba~ mesianisturi xasiaTis Zeglia.

qarTveli eris gamorCeulobis idea TxzulebaSi meore planiT, e. w. alegoriuli planiT aris gadmocemuli. paradigmuli saxismetyvelebis mTeli mxatvruli aqsesuaris gamoyenebiT, upirveles yovlisa ki, araCveulebrivad SerCeuli bibliuri paralelebiT, Zveli da axali aRTqmidan damowmebuli citatebiT, hagiografiisTvis damaxasiaTebeli myari kompoziciuri xerxebis gamoyenebiT nawarmoebSi ganviTarebul movlenaTa da moqmedebaTa logikiT _ mkiTxveli bunebrivad xdeba avtoris mxatvruli Canafiqris Tanamoziare.

ilarionis mSoblebma TavianTi Ze RmerTs miuZRvnes, iseve rogorc pirvelad annam aRuTqva ufals samoelio (`wmida ese aRTqumul iyo RmrTisada mSobelTa TsTagan, viTarca pirvel samoel annasgan~), _ gvauwyebs basili da am bibliuri paraleliT imTaviTve migvaniSnebs wmindanis gansakuTrebulobasa da gamorCeulobaze. gavixsenoT, rom winaswarmetyvel samoelis (=micemuli RvTisa) msajulobis periodSi daibrunes ebraelebma filistimelebisagan warTmeuli rjulis kidobani da am RvTisnieri kacis ZalisxmeviT gandevnes isini TavianTi miwa-wylidan (1 mf. 1-7). sakuTari Svilis uflisadmi Sewirvisa Tu aRTqmis motivi, cxadia, iwyeba abraamidan, romelmac Tavisi Ze _ isaki uyoymanod miiyvana RmerTis samsxverploze. Tumca RmerTma daufasa abraams udidesi RvTismoSiSoba da isakis nacvlad, verZis msxverpli Seiwira. abraamis Camomavloba RvTis rCeuli eri gaxda. am eris wiaRidan iSva kacobriobis mxsneli _ mesia, anu qriste. wminda mamebi imasac aRniSnaven, rom isakis msxverplad Sewirva simbolurad moaswavebda ieso qristes sikvdilsa da aRdgomas. xsenebuli motivi hagiografiaSic imkvidrebs adgils. magaliTad, giorgi mciris gadmocemiTac, giorgi mTawmidlis RvTismosavma mSoblebma RmerTs Seswires rogorc pirveli Svili Tekla, ise mesame Svili giorgi, viTarca `verZi rCeuli RmrTisa~ (yubaneiSvili 1960: 344-346). amgvar pirovnebas, rogorc isaks an samoels, RmerTis gansakuTrebuli madlmosileba dahyveboda.

amis Semdeg sakvirveli sulac ar aris, rom wm. ilarioni bavSvobidanve iCens gansakuTrebul siyvaruls da midrekilebas sasuliero wignebisadmi. es cnobili kompoziciuri Sablonia hagiografiaSi. gasaxseneblad, wm. SuSanikisa da wm. grigol xanZTelis magaliTebic ikmarebda.

basili protoasikrits xelewifeba personaJis fizikuri da sulieri xatis kalmis erTi mosmiT Seqmna. magaliTad, rusTaveli episkoposis TvaliT danaxuli wm. ilarioni ase gamoiyureba: `piri misi yviTeli, sityua mdabali da samoseli Seuracxi~ (abulaZe 1967: 11); xolo basili makedonelis winaSe warmdgari qarTveli berebis (wm. ilarionis mowafeebis) saxe ki amgvarad airekleba imperatoris warmosaxvaSi: `ganixara mefeman sixaruliTa didiTa, ixila ra angelozebrivi sax maTi, rameTu iyvnes wmidani igi moxucebulni dRiTa da mcovanni hasakiTa. da Sueniereba igi gareSisa saxisa maTisa Sinagansa sulisa brwyinvalebasa cxadad aCinebda da Semusvrili igi da mdabali sityua maTi simSdesa da myudroebasa gonebisa maTisasa gamoaCinebda~ (abulaZe 1967: 31). nawarmoebis es adgilebi uTuod mogvagonebs wm. grigol xanZTelis giorgi merCuliseul daxasiaTebas: `xolo iyo xilviTa did, orciTa Txel, hasakiTa srul, yovlad keTil, sruliad guamiTa mrTel da suliTa ubiwo~ (yubaneiSvili 1960: 134).

sazogadod, `wm. ilarionis cxovrebas~ bevri saerTo aqvs giorgi merCulis TxzulebasTan: es exeba rogorc zogad kompoziciur sqemas, ise mraval msgavs epizodsa Tu detals. SesaZlebelia maTi naTesaoba mxolod da mxolod hagiofrafiis cxovrebaTa Janris specifikiT, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli myari literaturuli formebiTa da CarCoebiT agvexsna. sakiTxi sagangebo Seswavlas moiTxovs. winaswar ki imis Tqma SegviZlia, rom `wm. grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis~ avtori kargad icnobs basili protoasikritis nawarmoebs da zogierT SemTxvevaSi iyenebs kidec mas, rogorc hagiografiis erT-erT saucxoo nimuSs. davimowmebT or pasaJs `wm. ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebidan~:

garejis udabnoSi damkvidrebuli wm. ilarionis siwmindisa da Rirsebis ambavi sruliad qarTls moefina. rusTavelma episkoposma misi monaxuleba da mRvdlad kurTxeva gadawyvita. wmindanma, romlisTvisac ucxo iyo yovelgvari kacobrivi dideba, Tavidan uari Sehbeda mas da Seevedra, `raTa ganaTavisuflos igi uRlisa misgan mRdelobisa~. bolos wm. mama veRar SeewinaaRmdega episkoposs, radgan CaTvala, rom misi uari SesaZloa

20

mRvdelT-moZRvris urCobad Seracxuliyo. amitom iZulebiT daTanxmda mis winadadebas da mRvdlad ekurTxa (abulaZe 1967: 12)... palestinidan qarTlSi dabrunebul wm. ilarions, romelmac samSobloSi dedaTa da mamaTa monastrebi daarsa, mTavari da mTeli eri episkoposad dasmas daupirebs. wmindani TavisTvis ityvis: `dideba ese amis soflisa momatyuebel ars saukunosa mis Seuracxebisa. da amiTca miemsgavsa didsa mas Sjulis-mdebelsa moses kualad meored gamoslviTa egviptiT~. amitom gadawyvets cud-didebisagan ganSorebas da Soreul qveyanaSi wasvlas (abulaZe 1967: 17).

visac erTxel mainc yuradRebiT waukiTxavs giorgi merCulis Txzuleba, dagveTanxmeba, rom xsenebuli pasaJebi saocrad Tanxvdeba wm. grigol xanZTelis xucad kurTxevisa da mTavarTa mier misi episkoposad dasmis ganzraxvis epizods. gavixsenoT mama grigolis sityvebi, mRvdlad kurTxevasTan dakavSirebiT rom warmoTqva: `da aw pativsa vxedav da patiJisagan meSiniso~. xolo rodesac Seityo episkoposobas upirebdnen da `ixila Tavi Tsi orcielad didebasa Sina, friad wuxda guli misi da ganizraxa farulad sivltola TsiT queyaniT saRrmToTa wodebiTa, romelica uZRoda mas mamaT-mTavrisa abrahamis saxed, da viTarca isralni udabnod~ (yubaneiSvili 1960: 134-136). basili protoasikritica da giorgi merCulec, asketuri cxovrebis apologetebi arian da sakvirveli sulac araa, rom WeSmariti monazonis adgils `udabnoSi~ xedaven, xolo episkoposobas `cudad-didebad~ an `orcielad-didebad~ miiCneven. Cven Sors varT im azrisganac, rom hagiografma grigol xanZTelis mRvdlad kurTxeva Tu misTvis episkoposobis SeTavazebis istoria basilis Txzulebis mixedviT SeTxza da amgvar faqtebs wmindanis biografiaSi adgili ar hqonia. ara! ubralod imis Tqma gvinda, rom xsenebuli epizodi imgvarad aris gadmocemuli, bibliur analogiebze damyarebuli imgvari konstruqcia aqvs, rom giorgi merCule uTuod kargad icnobs da iyenebs (rogorc models) `wm. ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebas~.

wm. ilarionis garejaSi cxovrebiT, bernadet marten-hisaris azriT, iwyeba misi cxovrebis aRmosavluri periodi. gaurbis ra didebas, igi midis salocavad palestinaSi. RvTismSoblis CareviT brundeba saqarTveloSi, sadac didebas moixveWs monasterTa dafuZnebiT. am periodSi bibliuri citatebi motanilia Zveli aRTqmidan, umTavresad ki gamosvlaTa wignidan (dolaqiZe 1983: 253), xolo wmindanis ZiriTadi paradigma aris ebraelTa mamamTavari mose.

`wminda werilSi~ a R m o s a v l e T i garda sakuTriv geografiuli miTiTebisa, xSirad sakralur-alegoriuli mniSvnelobiTac ixmareba. rogorc wesi, es mxare RvTiuri madlisa da sikeTis momniWebel samyofadaa miCneuli (alibegaSvili 1993: 5-12). amgvarive saxismetyvelebiTi datvirTva aqvs basilis teqstSi wm. ilarionis aRmosavleTSi dabadebas (`aRmodomas~) da moRvaweobas. metic: wmindanis pirveli didi mogzauroba aRmosavleTze _ qarTlidan palestinaze gadis, anu xorcieldeba Sesaqmiseuli istoria: aRmosavleTidan kidev ufro aRmosavleTisaken.

basili protoasikriti wm. ilarionis mier garejis monastris datovebas ori garemoebiT xsnis: 1. `da hasaksave siWabukisa m o x u c e b u l e b r i suli moipova, viTarca didman mose, da msajul iqmna Soris sulisa da orcTa~ (Sdr.: `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~: `da Sen mogca qristeman keTili m o x u c e b u l e b a gonebisa~, _ mimarTaven mTavarni wm. grigols)... mouda wmidasa mas survili ucxoebisa da siZulili cudad-didebisa~. 2. `da ufros da upirates amissa surviel iyo Tayuanis-cemad wmidaTa maT da cxovels-myofelTa adgilTa, vina-igi Tavs-ixsna CuenTs vnebani orciTa amiT kacobriviTa, romelni Cuengan miixuna sityuaman RmrTisaman uvnebelman~ (abulaZe 1967: 12-13).

wmindanis wasvla palestinisa da ierusalimis cxovelmyofeli adgilebisa da siwmindeebis mosanaxuleblad da am gziT RvTaebriv madlTan ziareba gavrcelebuli motivia hagiografiaSi. Sors rom ar wavideT, magaliTad `kostanti kaxis martvilobac~ SeiZleboda dagvesaxelebina (Sdr.: yubaneiSvili 1960: 75). arc mogzaurobisas wminda mamaze Tavsdatexili gansacdeli _ yaCaRTa Tu barbarosTa mier masze ganxorcielebuli Tavdasxma aris ucxo da axali sasuliero literaturaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi wmindani saswaulis ZaliT sZlevs mters da bolos Tavad momxvdurs uxdeba misgan Sewyalebis miReba (Sdr.: imnaiSvili 1966: 98-99). sxvaTa Soris, `cxovrebaSi~ aRniSnulia, rom wm. ilarionze avazakTa Tavdasxma moxda Samis qveyanaSi (siriaSi), sadac barbarosni cxovrobeno. basilisaTvis sruliad sakmarisia mkiTxvelisaTvis imis miniSneba, rom palestinis mimdebare teritoriebs araqristianebi akontroleben. konkretuli istoriuli garemo _ arabul-mahmadianuri samyaro, romelic IX saukuneSi axlo aRmosavleTsac moicavda, mwerals ar ainteresebs. sazogadod, hagiografi arcaa valdebuli epoqis politikuri movlenebi Tu istoriuli realiebi asaxos (Sdr.: dolaqiZe 1983: 251). zemoT damowmebul Txzulebis teqstSi ufro sxva ram aris sagulisxmo da

21

mniSvnelovani, rac avtoris koncefcias imTaviTve amJRavnebs. esaa nawarmoebis mTavari gmiris bibliur mosesTan Sedareba:

mose gaiqca egviptidan madiamis qveyanaSi, arad Caagdo is pativi, romelic eloda faraonis karze, udabnoSi cxvrebis mwyemsvas mihyo xeli da Tavisi saTno cxovrebiT miaRwia imas, rom qorebis mTaze RvTis gamocxadebis Rirsi Seiqna _ dainaxa mayvlis buCqi, romelsac cecxli ekideboda da ar iwvoda. wm. ilarionic miatovebs qarTlsa da garejis Zmebs (= egvipte da ebraeli eri), uars ambobs ra amqveyniur didebaze (= faraoni), miemgzavreba palestinaSi (= madiami), udabnoSi mkacr asketur cxovrebas eweva, ris Sedegadac ixilavs Cvenebas: zeTisxilis mTaze (=qorebis mTa), sadac ieso qriste zecad amaRlda, RvTismSobeli (= Seuwveli mayvlis buCqi) gamoecxadeba da samSobloSi dabrunebas ubrZanebs (Sdr.: abulaZe 1967: 12-15).

gavyveT kvlav `cxovrebis~ teqsts: wm. ilarioni `waremarTa queyanad Tsad da naTesavTa mimarT TsTa zegardamo gulsavse-qmnuli, viTarca pirvelad m o s e , didi igi sjulis-mdebeli, kualad meored ukuanqceuli egptedve gamoyvanebad naTesavTa dakirTebulTa~ (abulaZe 1967: 15). maSasadame, wmindani, moses msgavsad, kvlav unda dabrundes qarTlSi (igive egvipteSi), raTa Tavisi eri (igive ebraelebi) gamoixsnas `uxilavisa mis faraos~ monobisagan. marTlac, mama ilarioni miemgzavreba samSobloSi, aSenebs iq monastrebs da rogorc `winamZRoli da rjulmdebeli~ ganagebs samonastro cxovrebas, awesebs tipikons.

basili mesamedac moixmobs Tavis TxzulebaSi moses analogias gamosvlaTa wignidan: wm. ilarionma, iseve rogorc mosem, `sulni mravalni isnna monebisagan uxilavisa mis faraosa da ganiyvanna daunTqmelad zRuasa Sina amis soflis(a)sa, vinaca mZlavri igi mdevari medrebiTurT TsiT danTqmuli ixila da Zlevisa galobasa Zlevis-momcemelisa RmrTisa sulieriTa saxiobiTa Seswirvida~ (abulaZe 1967: 17). sagulisxmoa, rom damowmebul teqsts mosdevs wmindanis `uSores qveyanaSi~ gamgzavrebis ganzraxva. es `uSoresi qveyana~, rogorc SemdgomSi aRmoCndeba, aris berZnul-romauli imperia. ase rom, nawarmoebSi araorazrovnad miniSnebulia ilarion qarTvelis misiaze _ gamoixsnas bizantielebi, gadaarCinos codviT damZimebuli dasavleTis samyaro. sazogadod ki, moses bibliuri paradigma mwerals sWirdeba imisTvis, rom qarTveli eris, gansakuTrebiT ki berebis, RvTisgan gamorCeulobis idea iqadagos (dolaqiZe 1983: 254).

d a s a v l e T i s mxaris saxismetyvelebiTi gaazreba Zvelsa da axal aRTqmaSi Zalze mkrTalia, Tumca zogierT adgilas, sadac es Cans, mas axlavs uaryofiTi konteqsti (alibegaSvili 1993: 12-13). wm. ilarionis mogzaurobac aRmosavleTidan dasavleTisaken `cxovrebaSi~ simbolizirebulia, rogorc naTlis gamobrwyineba, RvTaebrivi madlisa da saTnoebis ganfena sibneleSi. dasavlur periodSi wmindani pirvel winaaRmdegobas ucxoTSeuwynareblobis saxiT Sexvdeba ulumbos mTaze, sadac berZeni winamZRvari qarTveli berebis aqedan gandevnas moindomebs... ulumbos monastris mamasaxlisis koWli naTesavis gankurnebis Semdeg wm. ilarioni aRiarebuli iqna, `viTarca mociquli da mwyemsi sakvirvelebisa misTs~ (abulaZe 1967: 21). Sesabamisad bibliuri citatebi teqstSi ZiriTadad motanilia `samociqulodan~. am periodSi, rogorc bernadet marten-hisari aRniSnavs, ilarion qarTveli aRar aris winamZRoli(?) da kanonmdebeli, misi modeli petre da pavle mociqulebia (dolaqiZe 1983: 255).

marTlac, pavles msgavsad wmindani Tavad moipovebda yovelgvar `orciel samars~ (abulaZe 1967: 21), radgan axsendeboda mociqulis sityvebi: `elni Cemni mmsaxurebdes me~ (saqme 20, 34), anda: `dRe da Rame viqm eliTa CemiTa, raTa arara vis daumZimo~ (I Tes. 2,9; II Tes.3,8). pavles imave epistoleebiTve aris STagonebuli wm. ilarionis sikvdiliswina saubari mowafeebTan TesalonikSi ZmaTa Soris siyvarulisa da mSvidobiani cxovrebis Sesaxeb (abulaZe 1967: 28). amave saubris dros igi orgzis moixmobs petre mociqulis sityvebs: `da aha esera datevebad mic sayofeli miwisa~ (Sdr.: II petre 1,14) anda: `vidreca ukuanasknelad aRmofSnvamde uwyodeT gonierad, rameTu mteri Cueni, viTarca lomi myrali mimovals da eZiebs, raTamca STanTqa vinme Cuengani~ (I petre 5,8).

ilarion qarTvelis saocari swrafva romisken _ petresa da pavles samarxis mosalocad da am gzaze Cadenili saswaulmoqmedebani, mas uTuod aaxloebs amave mociqulebTan. iseve rogorc pavle gadawyvets jer ierusalimSi wasvlas, xolo Semdeg romis monaxulebas (saqme 19,21), aseve wmindanic jer konstantinopolSi (`axal ierusalimSi~) miemarTeba patiosani jvris Tayvansacemad, xolo Semdeg romisken iRebs gezs. pavle mociqulis msgavsad igi or weliwads dahyofs romSi da Tavisi angelozebrivi cxovrebiT, saRmrTo moqalaqeobiT, saswaulebaTa da kurnebaTa aRsrulebiT uamrav Tayvanismcemels gaiCens am qalaqSi (Sdr.: saqme 28, 30). venaxis koWli mcvelis gankurneba wm. ilarionis mier (abulaZe 1967: 22-23) Camohgavs fexebmowyvetili kacis aRdgenas pavles mier qalaq listraSi (Sdr.: saqme 14, 8-10), iseve rogorc petre mociqulis analogiur

22

saswaulebs. Tavad `cxovrebis~ teqstSi Tesalonikis mTavris mxevlis 4 wlis Svilis gankurneba wmindanis mier (abulaZe 1967: 24-25) Sedarebulia petresa da ioanes mier taZris karibWesTan mowyalebis saTxovnelad mjdomi davrdomilis aRdgenasTan (saqme 3, 1-11) da imave petre mociqulis mier eneas ganrRveulis gankurnebasTan (saqme 9, 31-34). dabolos, ilarion qarTvelis mier moxdenili kidev erTi saswauli _ dapatimrebuli da jaWviT ormagad Seborkili Tesalonikeli diakvnis warmarTTa qveynidan mSvidobiani gamosvla (abulaZe 1967: 26-27) uTuod msgavsia herodes brZanebiT sapyrobileSi Casmuli petres gamoxsnisa uflis angelozis mier (saqme 12, 6-11).

wm. ilarionis mier aRsrulebuli saswaulebi aranaklebia, vidre mociqulebisa, _ aRniSnavs basili da amgvar avtoriseul komentars gvTavazobs: rodesac wmindanma venaxis win mjdomare koWlis gankurneba ganizraxa, upirveles yovlisa, iTxova misgan tkbili nayofi, romlis micemac mas Tavad surda; yrmas rodesac kurnavda, pirvelad dedamiss mosTxova wyali dasalevad, radgan surda, misi SvilisTvis mieca kurnebis wyali; agreTve, rodesac ulumbos mTaze imyofeboda, amnairadve gankurna koWli, romelic evlogias miarTmevda, radgan misca mas kurnebis evlogia (abulaZe 1967: 25).

jer ebraelTa winamZRol mosesTan, xolo Semdeg petre da pavle mociqulebTan wmindanis Soreuli kavSiri da Rrma sulieri naTesaoba, romelic `cxovrebis~ teqstSi etapobrivad viTardeba, saboloo jamSi mimarTulia iqiTken, rom moxdes Txzulebis personaJis ieso qristesTan mimsgavseba. sxvanairad hagiografiis mTavari gmiris saxe ver iqneba srulyofili. macxovari ambobs: `iyveniT Tqven srul, viTarca mama Tqueni zecaTa srul ars~ (maTe, 5, 48). am sisrulisken miiltvis ilarion qarTveli mTeli Tavisi cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis manZilze, yovelgvar miwiersa da amqveyniur zrunvas ganridebuli nabij-nabij miiswrafvis RmerTisken.

TesalonikSi, sicocxlis ukanasknel wuTebSi wm. ilarioni amJRavnebs macxovarTan miaxloebis tendencias Tavisi feriscvalebiT, gamosamSvidobebeli saubris SinaarsiT, ukanaskneli `saidumlo serobiT~. rogorc qriste brundeba mamis didebaSi, wmindanic daibrunebs Tavis didebas da am gandidebas adgili eqneba konstantinopolSi (dolaqiZe 1983: 255).

dasasruls, unda SevCerdeT wm. ilarionis kidev erT pirvelsaxeze, wm. ninoze, romelsac ukve qarTuli qristianobis saTaveebTan mivyavarT. basili protoasikriti uTuod STagonebulia `wm. ninos cxovrebiT~ da `ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebis~ erT-erT ZiriTad models swored xsenebuli Txzuleba warmoadgens. iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba, rom mwerals mudmivad Tvalwin udgas qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis diadi xati, rodesac is mTavari gmiris saxes Zerwavs. sxvaTa Soris, es faqti imazec metyvelebs, rom `wm. ninos cxovreba~ gacilebiT adrea Seqmnili, vidre is `moqceva qarTlisas~ saxiT gaformebulia Satberdul da WeliSur redaqciebSi (maxaraSvili 2004: 212-213).

cxadia, SemTxveviTi araa, rom wm. ninos erT-erT arqetipad (ilarion qarTvelis msgavsad) bibliuri mosea miCneuli. `ucxooba~ warmoadgens maT mdgomareobas... `wminda ninoc, viTarca mose, movlenili suli iyo, romelsac evaleboda aRedgina codviT dabnelebuli eri da misTvis miewvdina WeSmariti da marTali sityva RvTisa~ (metreveli 2000: 56-57). amgvaradve SeiZleba wm. ilarionis saxis gaazreba berZnebTan mimarTebaSi. wm. nino, viTarca qarTlis gamqristianebeli, aRiarebuli unda iqnes qarTvelTa mier, rogorc uflis nebis aRmsrulebeli da Seracxil iqnes `mociqulTa sworad~. rac Seexeba wm. ilarions, petresa da pavles msgavsad RvTis madlmosilebiT aRvsili qarTveli beri Sewynarebuli unda iqnes berZnebis mier da gandidebul iqnes, rogorc `axali mociquli~. ubralod, aq masStabebi da moRvaweobis arealia sxvadasxva: wm. nino iberiaSi qadagebs qristes rjuls, igi qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebelia (da aqedan gamomdinare mociqulTa swori), xolo wm. ilarionis mociqulebrivi misia, qarTlis garda, mTel dasavlur qristianul samyaros moicavs; aq unda Seitanos man WeSmariti RvTis sityva, marTali sarwmunoeba, romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi bizantiis imperiam dakarga.

wm. ilarionis gamgzavreba ierusalimsa da palestinaSi _ es araa oden morwmunis tradiciuli swrafva wminda adgilebisaken, an Tundac simbolurad aRmosavlur qristianul samyarosTan erTgvari damSvidobeba. esaa, erTi mxriv, qarTuli eklesiis pirvelsafuZvelTan dabruneba, meore mxriv, qristianobis wiaRTan, mis ZirTaZirTan misvla. aq ilarion qarTveli RvTaebriv madls unda eziaros, wmindanis ZalmosilebiT unda aivsos. iseve rogorc wm. ninom, manac aqedan unda daiwyos misioneruli moRvaweoba.

daucxromel asketur Rvawlsa da Sromas eweoda wm. ilarioni iordaniis udabnoebSi. aq is `samaradisod xedvasa RmrTis(a)sa SeesakuTra~ da monazvnuri sisrulis mesame xarisxs miaRwia. amis Semdeg mTeli misi arseba saRvTo misiis molodiniT iyo aRsavse; ityoda: `mauwye me, ufalo, gza, romelsaca vidodi, da kualad maswave me, raTa vyo neba Seni~ (fsalm. 142,8). da aha, masac, iseve rogorc wm. ninos (metafrasuli `cxovrebis~

23

mixedviT), RvTismSobeli gamoecxada da samSobloSi dabruneba auwya: `, ilarion, warved da moiswrafe saxed Senda, daumzade seri ufalsa da Zesa Cemsa~ (abulaZe 1967: 15). Cvenebis dros wm. ilarioni TiTqos zeTisxilis mTaze iyo asuli, iq, sadac ieso qriste amaRlda zecad da mamis RvTaebriv wiaRs daubrunda.

maSasadame, wm. ilarionis xilva winaswarmoswavebiTia da axali gzis dasawyisze miuTiTebs. es samisionero da samociqulo moRvaweobis gzaa, gandidebisa da RvTaebrivi amaRlebisaken mimavali.

wm. ilarion brundeba saqarTveloSi. aq misi Zalisxmeva, viTarca axali mociqulisa, sarwmunoebis ganmtkicebis, monastruli cxovrebis damkvidrebis da sulierebis aRorZinebisaken aris mimarTuli. aqedan ilarion qarTveli miemgzavreba dasavleTSi: ulumbo, konstantinopoli, romi, Tesaloniki _ ai, wmindanis mier ganvlili marSruti da misi samoRvaweo adgilebi. bizantiaSi is gvevlineba, rogorc `axali wm. nino~, romelsac nebismier winaaRmdegobas RvTismSobeli daaZlevinebs. wm. ninos msgavsad igi kurnavs avadmyofebsa da xeibarT, axdens sxvadasxva saswaulebs, zogjer mis analogiursac ki (magaliTad, mTavris mxevlis Zis gankurneba).

sabolood ki, wm. ilarionis kultma igive mniSvneloba unda SeiZinos berZnul-romauli imperiisaTvis, rac wm. ninos hqonda qarTlisaTvis, man igive funqcia unda Seasrulos basili pirvelisa da misi memkvidreebisaTvis, rac ucxo tyve-qalma ikisra mirianisa da misi CamomavlebisaTvis; wmindanis neStis saboloo adgilsamyofeli _ romanas monasteri unda gaxdes berZenTaTvis marTlmadideblobis dauSreteli wyaro, maradiuli sulierebis da madlmosilebis, ganaxlebisa da aRorZinebis wmindaTawminda adgili, anu is, rac iyo qarTvelTaTvis sveticxoveli da bodbis monasteri.

ase aRadgens ilarion qarTvelis mogzauroba aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTs Soris Catexil xids, ase akavSirebs uxilavi sulieri ZafebiT ierusalims, konstantinopolsa da roms, ase aerTianebs da kravs is mTel qristianul samyaros. es gza kulturuli msoflios, oikumenis, gamTlianebisa, basili protoasikritis azriT, qarTlze gadis, radgan wmindani aRmosavleTSi ki daibada, magram `saTnoebaTa elviTa dasavalisa myofni gananaTla~ (maxaraSvili 2002: 55-57).

damowmebani:

abulaZe 1967: abulaZe i. (redaqtori). Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi. II,

(XI-XV s.s.). Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1967. alibegaSvili 1993: alibegaSvili g. geografiuli mxareebi bibliaSi. J. literatura da

xelovneba. SoTa rusTavelis sax. qarTuli literaturis institutisa da g. CubiniSvilis sax. qarTuli xelovnebis istoriis institutis Jurnali, 1, Tb.: 1993.

dolaqiZe 1983: dolaqiZe m. axali naSromi ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebis Sesaxeb. mravalTavi. k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa institutis perioduli samecniero organo, XII. Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1983.

imnaiSvili 1966: imnaiSvili i. (gamomcemeli). `epifane kviprelis cxovreba~. sakiTxavi wigni Zvel qarTul enaSi, II. Zveli qarTuli enis kaTedris Sromebi, 10. Tb.: Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 1966.

maxaraSvili 2002: maxaraSvili s. Teofile xucesmonazoni (SemoqmedebiTi por-treti). Tb.: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 2002.

maxaraSvili 2004: maxaraSvili s. wm. ninos saxe, rogorc arqetipi wm. ilarion qarTvelisa. samecniero SromaTa krebuli. Tsu siRnaRis (kaxeTis) filialis yovelwliuri samecniero organo, V. siRnaRi: 2004.

metreveli 2000: metreveli f. agiografiuli sityva da logosi. Tb.: gamomcemloba `nekeri~, 2000.

yubaneiSvili 1960: yubaneiSvili s. (redaqtori). Cveni saunje. I, Zveli mwerloba. Tb.: gamomcemloba `nakaduli~, 1960.

Soso Makharashvili

Biblical and Literary Paradigms in Basil Protoascritos' "The life of Saint Hilarion the Georgian"

Summary

The research deals with biblical paradigms verified in "The Life of St. Ilarion from Georgia". An attempt is made to find out. literary parallels between the mentioned writing and the other original hagiographic works, reveal those firm composition motives that are characteristic to the concrete gernre. It is shown that for creating St. Ilarin's

24

image, Mpnk Basil uses sush archetypes as Moses the Prophet from the Old Testament, Disciples peter and paul and even Jesus Crist and Saint Nino, the Enlightener of the Georgians, Moreover, paradigmatic topology (Image Language) is rather the method for realizing the artistic desing and revealing the religious mission of the Georgian monks in Byzantine Empire to proclaim significance and singularity of the Georgian nation, than the purport of the author.

ia grigalaSvili

`wmida SuSanikis wamebis~ dasawyisi hagiografiul TxzulebaTa istoriul-filologiuri analizi srulyofili ar

iqneba, Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT maT saRvTismsaxuro xasiaTsac. maTi wakiTxva eklesiaSi TviTonac ganapirobebda RvTismsaxurebisTvis garkveuli saxis gansazRvras.

eklesiaSi mimdinare RvTismsaxureba zeciur arsebaTa galobas, RvTisadmi maTgan aRvlenil xotbas emsgavseba. miwieri da zeciuri dro erTiandeba morwmuneTa ziarebisas. morwmune qristes sisxlTan da xorcTan ziarebisas uflis Tanaziari xdeba. zRvari iSleba awmyosa da bibliur maradiulobas Soris.

hagiografiul TxzulebaTa kompozicia isea agebuli, rom RvTismsaxurebisTvis sagulisxmo Temebze gamaxvildes yuradReba. es Temebia: samyaros Seqmna, adamianis codviTdacema, samoTxidan gandevna, sinanuli, qristes mosvlis Sesaxeb winaswarmetyveleba, qristes mosvla, jvarcma, aRdgoma, amaRleba, meored mosvlis molodini.

hagiografiul TxzulebebSi mowamis amqveynad cxovrebis epizodebi Sedarebulia bibliur rCeul pirTa TavgadasavalTa Sesabamis pasaJebTan. TxzulebaSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis Sesabamisad wmindani amJRavnebs mamamTavarTaTvis damaxasiaTebel RvTis erTgulebas, winaswarmetyvelTa mamxileblur paTossa da winaswar ganWvretis unars, maxarebelTa siyvaruls WeSmariti sityvisadmi, mociqulTa msgavs mzaobas saqadageblad da wmindanTaTvis Cveul Tavganwirvas. rac mTavaria, Txzulebis mTavari gmiri srulyofilebiT TviT iesos emsgavseba.

iakob xucesis `wmida SuSanikis wameba~ qarTvel mecnierTa mier ganxilulia rogorc istoriul-literaturuli kuTxiT (ivane javaxiSvili, korneli kekeliZe, nikoloz janaSia, ilia abulaZe, Sermadin oniani, ivane lolaSvili, beJan kilanava, manana gigineiSvili, revaz baramiZe da sxv.), aseve saxismetyvelebiTi sakiTxebis wina planze wamoweviTac (revaz siraZe, firuz metreveli, lali daTaSvili, qeTevan elaSvili da sxv.).

`wmida SuSanikis wamebis~ ramdenime redaqcia arsebobs: vrceli, mokle da svinaqsaruli rogorc qarTul, aseve somxur enaze. amasTan, zogierTi redaqcia ramdenime variantiTaa warmodgenili.

Cvenamde moRweulia `wmida SuSanikis wamebis~ sxvadasxva redaqciebis or aTeulamde xelnaweri. yvelaze meti TerTmeti xelnaweriTaa cnobili qarTuli vrceli redaqcia. uZvelesi xelnaweri moTavsebulia X s. parxlis mravalTavSi, romelic yvelaze didi qarTuli xelnaweri wignia. danarCeni xelnawerebi XVIII-XIX saukuneebiT TariRdeba.

qarTuli mokle redaqcia aTonis erT-erT xelnawer krebulSi, cnobil svinaqsarSia (Ath. 57). igi n. marma aRwera da X s-iT daaTariRa (mari 1900: 47-72).

qarTuli svinaqsaruli `wameba~ ori xelnaweriTaa cnobili 425 (1718 w.) da 220 (1726) (Zeglebi 1968: 385).

somxuri vrceli redaqciis erT xelnawers miakvlia ilia abulaZem eCmiaZinis erT-erT mravalTavSi. xelnaweri gadawerili unda iyos 1689 wels, xolo meore vrceli somxuri redaqciis gamocema ganxorcielebula veneciaSi 1853 wels. cnobil istorikossa da mwerals l. aliSans gadauweria es nusxa da mas gadaucia veneciis xelnawerTa biblioTekisaTvis.

somxuri mokle martvilobis wignis uTariRo nusxuri xelnaweri arsebula XIX s-Si q. karinSi. misi piri gadauRia 1847-1852 ww. n. sargisians.

somxuri svinaqsaruli wamebani araerTi nusxiTaa warmodgenili. ilia abulaZem erT-erTi ucnobi redaqcia aRmoaCina erevanSi. es xelnaweri 1296 wlisad iTvleba~ (abulaZe 1938: 04-06). `wmida SuSanikis wamebis~ gamocemebze Cven ar SevCerdebiT. yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT mxolod redaqciaTa urTierTmimarTebis zogierT aspeqtze.

25

ilia abulaZis SexedulebiT, somxuri mokle wamebis teqsti met siaxloves amJRavnebs iakob xucesis nawarmoebTan, rac qarTul vrcel redaqciaze damokidebulebis meti niSnis gamovleniT dasturdeba. qarTulTan teqstobrivad Semxvedri adgilebia ufro meti, vidre vrcel somxur martvilobasTan. mokle wameba enobrivad ufro Zvelia, vidre vrceli. vrceli misi gadamuSavebaa.

ivane javaxiSvili aRniSnavda, rom vrcel somxur wamebas qarTulTan dakavSirebiT zogadi xasiaTis iseTi Taviseburebani axasiaTebs rogoricaa: 1. TariRis aRuniSvneloba. 2. geografiuli punqtebis dausaxelebloba. 3. sayofacxovrebo mxareebisTvis gverdis avla. 4. `warxoca moqmed pirovnebaTa Sesaxeb, iseTi zedmiwevniTi cnobebisa, rogoric sakuTari saxelebia~ (javaxiSvili 1921: 22). mas magaliTebad sasaxlis episkoposisa da karis xucesis mouxsenebloba mohyavs. karis xucesi saxeliT arsad ixsenieba gamoqveynebul vrcel da mokle martvilobaTa wignebSi, magram episkopos afocis saxels ilia abulaZem miagno eCmiaZinis xelnawer nusxaSi (941). iv. javaxiSvilma qarTuli vrceli wameba dednad, xolo somxuri mis mermindel gadakeTebad aRiara, rasac daeTanxma ilia abulaZe. misi TqmiT, roca somxuri martvilobis orive redaqciis wignebs qarTuls vadarebT, pirveli, rac SeiniSneba, isaa, rom orive qarTulis garkveul nawils uWers mxars, garkveuls ki ara. mxaris daWera ufro Cans, roca moTxrobis faqtobriv mxares exeba saqme; erTmaneTs ki maSin scildebian, roca saqme SuSanikis mowameobas exeba. mag.: locva-vedrebas, moTminebasa da sxv. an roca qarTuliT SuSaniki baasobs, anda roca avtori iakob xucesi sadme Tavis Sesaxeb iZleva cnobebs, an kidev, roca raime suraTi mxatvrul saxeebSia mocemuli. amaT nacvlad xsenebuli orive teqsti an gavrcobilia xolme, an Sekvecili, anda sruliad gverds uxvevs aseTebs. avtoris piradoba, romelic agreTve qarTuls ramdenjerme aqvs aRniSnuli, somxurSi ar Cans. pirveli piriT Txroba qarTulisa somxurSi mesame piriTaa warmodgenili. mxatvruli adgilebi da aRwerebic qarTulisa somxurSi an sruliad ar SeiniSneba, anda metad mkrTalia.

somxur mokle wamebas vrcelisgan gansxvavebiT, rogorc cnobilia, erTgvari Sesavali moepoveba, romelSiac SuSanikis genealogiaa gadmocemuli. es Sesavali, rogorc Tavis droze gamomcemelma aRniSna, Tanmxvdomia mose xorenelis `somxeTis istoriis~ III wignis 51 da 49 Tavebis erTi nawilisa. egebis es adgili im vrceli wamebis wignsac hqonda, romlisganac igi SeiZleboda yofiliyo gamokrebili. aseTi ram ki kvlav imis maCvenebeli iqneboda, rom mokle wameba dResdReobiT cnobili vrceli wamebisagan gansxvavebuli wignidan momdinarea. magram isic SesaZloa, rom mokles mier gamoyenebul vrcel wamebas ar hqonda aseTi adgili. maSin igi Semmoklebelisa Tu gamomkrebelis naxelavi iqneboda aRebuli mose xorenelisgan anda SeTxzuli TviT misgan da amdenad wyarod qceulic mosesaTvis. arc erTs da arc meores ar ewinaaRmdegeba mose xorenelis moRvaweobis wlebad nagulisxmebi dro. mose IX saukunis I naxevris moRvawed miiCneva. daaxloebiT am drois unda iyos somxuri wamebis aRniSnuli Zeglic.

ilia abulaZe ar iziarebda n. marisa da iv. javaxiSvilis mier gamoTqmul mosazrebas, rom qarTuli mokle redaqcia Targmnilia somxuri mokle teqstidan. qarTuls, ise rogorc somxursac urTierTTan Sepirispirebisas moepoveba rogorc zedmeti da danaklisi sityvebi, ise winadadebebic. magaliTad, qarTul TargmanSi sruliad araferia naTqvami SuSanikis aRsrulebis TariRis Sesaxeb, rac SesaZloa imiT iyos gamowveuli, rom dedanSi aRniSnuli TariRi qarTulze gadmoyvaniT ar uWerda mxars dasawyisSi mosaxseneblad gankuTvnil dRes _ 21 agvistos. qarTuli vrceli martvilobis teqstis saTanado adgilebs somxuri mokle martvilobis teqsti ufro uWers mxars, vidre qarTuli mokle martvilobis teqsti. qarTuli ramdenadme sxvagvari nusxis mokle wamebis Targmani Cans, vidre dResdReobiT cnobilia.

erovnul-eklesiuri Tvalsazrisis SesamCnevi gamomJRaveba qarTulTan dapirispirebiT somxur literaturSi qarTul-somxuri saeklesio ganxeTqilebis Semdeg iwyeba, e. i. VII saukunidan. amitom SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom Tu am dromdis somxurad SuSanikis wameba iqneboda, igi igive iqneboda, rac qarTuli (ukanasknelis Targmani), yovel SemTxvevaSi, didad mainc ar unda gansxvavebuliyo qarTulisagan. misi gadakeTeba da somxur Tvalsazrisze gawyoba ki amis Semdeg, TandaTanobiT unda momxdariyo urTierTobis ganviTarebis Sesanamisad. amaze, sxvas rom Tavi davaneboT, TviT Semonaxuli martvilobebis teqstebic migviTiTeben. maTi dapirispirebiTi Seswavlidan naTlad Cans, rom qarTulisagan daSoreba TandaTan xdeba (abulaZe 1938: 019-045).

mecnieri qarTul-somxuri redaqciebis Sedarebis Semdeg savsebiT swor daskvnamde mivida: `qarTuli, Tavisi faqtobrivi mxaris zedmiwevniTi sisruliTa da siWarbiT, rac misi litonobisa anu kimenobis damadasturebelia, adrindelobis niSnebis matarebelicaa, xolo meore, somxuri, sadac es mxare, piriqiT, Sekvecilia da zogadi

26

StrixebiT Semcvleli zedmiwevnilobisa da imave dros wina planze mowameobrivi qcevis damyenebelic, mermindelobas gviCvenebs~ (abulaZe 1938: 039) (xazi Cvenia i. g.).

samecniero literaturaSi araerTxel gaumaxvilebiaT yuradReba iakob xucesis Txrobis bunebriobaze, rasac, Cveni azriT, adasturebs Txzulebis dasawyisic: `da aw damtkicebulad giTxra Tquen aRsasruli wmidisa da sanatrelisa SuSanikisi~. qarTuli vrceli redaqciis amgvari Sesavali ivane javaxiSvils afiqrebinebda, rom iakobis Sroma warmoadgens meore nawils, SuSanikis aRsasrulis momTxrobels, xolo pirveli nawili, romelSic laparaki iqneboda misi bavSvobis Sesaxeb, avtors am SemTxvevaSi gangeb ar mouyvania (javaxiSvili 1945: 25).

korneli kekeliZe ki werda: `SeiZleba es asec iyos, Tumca agiografiuli mwerlobis tradicias aseTi danawileba erTi mTliani nawarmoebisa ar sCvevia~ (xazi Cvenia i. g.) (kekeliZe 1980: 115). maSasadame, Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis ubadlo mkvlevari gamoricxavda `wmida SuSanikis wamebis~ teqstis I nawilis arsebobas. korneli kekeliZe mxolod hipoTezis saxiT gamoTqvamda varauds, rom SesaZloa iakobs dawerili hqonda raRac istoriuli Sroma, romelSic SuSanikis wamebis Sesaxeb gakvriT iyo laparaki, ise rogorc gakvriT ixseniebs mas mematiane. vinaidan aseTi gakvriTi moxseneba RirsSesaniSnavi pirovnebis mowamebrivi aRsasrulisa maSindel eklesiurad moazrovne da ganwyobil sazogadoebas cnobismoyvareobas uRizianebda, iakobma mere calke sagangebod an damtkicebiT, rogorc TviTon ambobs, aRwera misi martviloba (kekeliZe 1980: 115).

sityva `damtkicebulad~ niSnavs `WeSmaritad~, `namdvilad~. Cveni azriT, SeiZleba avtori gulisxmobdes wmindanis Sesaxeb Sekrebili cnobebis dalagebulad, gawyobilad, saboloo saxiT gadmocemas. amgvari varaudis gamoTqmis saSualebas is garemoeba gvaZlevs, rom jer kidev III saukuneSi, roca Sewyvetila qristianTa devna, dauwyiaT zrunva, rom erTad SeekribaT mowameTa, maTi wamebis adgilisa da drois Sesaxeb cnobebi da aResrulebinaT maTi xsenebani (tipikoni 1910: 306). mravali mowamis Sesaxeb SenarCunebuli iyo oficialuri oqmebi (romlebsac awarmoebdnen prokonsulis mdivnebi an prokuratura), sadac Sedioda braldeba, dakiTxva, mowameTa Cvenebebi, ganaCeni da msjavri. Cvenamde SemorCa ramdenime aseTi oqmi. magaliTad, wmida kviprianes Sesaxeb aqti, 258, xsenebis dRe 31 agvisto; aseve maT mier warmoebuli Ziebisa da sasamarTlos oqmebi, an kidev TviTmxilvel qristianTa Canawerebi, rimelTac awarmoebdnen uSualod maTi wamebisas, an maSinve, mowamis aRsrulebis Semdeg. am monacemebs Semdeg ajgufebdnen, alagebdnen. zogierT eklesiaSi yovelive amas daxvewili, sistematizirebuli saxe miuRia. IV saukuneSi ki adgilobriv eklesiebs SeuqmniaT TavianT mowameTa Tveni (tipikoni 1910: 307).

rogorc Cans, iakob curtaveli sagangebod krebda, agrovebda masalebs, romlebic wmida SuSanikis cxoreba-mowameobasTan iyo dakavSirebuli. xucesi, rogorc dedoflis sulieri moZRvari da pitiaxSis