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• Dynamic types related to magma/water interactions
• Dynamic types related to dissolved bubbles
• Dynamic types related to domes growth and collapse
• Dynamic types related to lava flows etc.• Complex edifices• Destruction of volcanic edifices
Figure 4-2. Volcanic landforms associated with a central vent (all at same scale).
Shield Volcano: Mauna Loa, HI
sea level
0 10 km
scale
Composite Volcano:
Mt. Rainier, WA.
Cinder Cone:
Sunset Crater, AZ
a
b c
Dome:
Lassen Peak, CA
d
vent
Helicopter view, NW coast (btw, this cliff tends to collapse quite often on the road. Last time was last
week…)
Strato-volcanoes
Figure 4-3. a. Illustrative cross section of a stratovolcano. After Macdonald (1972), Volcanoes. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1-150. b. Deeply glaciated north wall of Mt. Rainier, WA, a stratovolcano, showing layers of pyroclastics and lava flows. © John Winter and Prentice Hall.
Shield volcanoes vs. stratovolcanoes
Shield volcanoes• Basaltic• Intraplate (hotspot)• Relatively flat• Effusive (lava flows,
strombolian cones)• Minor explosive
events (phreatic)• Erosion and flank
collapse
Stratovolcanoes• Andesitic to dacitic• Subduction• Rather steep• Explosive
(plinian/pelean)• Minor andesitic flows
a• Erosion, lahars and
flank collapse
• Dynamic types related to magma/water interactions
• Dynamic types related to dissolved bubbles
• Dynamic types related to domes growth and collapse
• Dynamic types related to lava flows etc.• Complex edifices• Destruction of volcanic edifices
A new view on shield volcanoes:
• A succession of lava flows, and erosion– Local erosion (lahar, valleys)– Local/big erosions (large landslides, big
depressions)– Major landslides (flank collapse), might be
associated with eruptions (as in MSH, but no hard evidence for that)