Dynamic Active Power Filtering for On-Grid PMSG Variable-Speed Wind Turbine via Three …infomesr.org/attachments/W-2016-016.pdf · 2017-04-20 · on-grid wind energy conversion system

International Journal on Power Engineering and Energy (IJPEE) Vol. (8) – No. (2)ISSN Print (2314 – 7318) and Online (2314 – 730X) April 2017

Reference Number: W16-P-0016 731

Dynamic Active Power Filtering for On-GridPMSG Variable-Speed Wind Turbine via Three

Phase Matrix Converter with Unbalanced Linearand Nonlinear Loads

Mohamed Amin M. A. Moftah, Gaber El-Saady & El-Noby A.Ibrahim,Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

[email protected] & [email protected]

Abstract-The present paper aims to design an active powerfilter (APF) for harmonics and neutral current mitigation ofon-grid wind energy conversion system (WECS). The WECSconsists of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)driven by a variable-speed WT. The output of the PMSG isconnected to a direct three phase AC/AC matrix converter(MC) to interface the system with the distribution grid. TheMC controls the wind maximum power point tracking(MPPT) using perturbation and observation (P&O) method.The MC output current harmonics and unbalanced linear andnon-linear load currents are compensated by the proposedshunt (APF) based on d-q theory. The system under study issimulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. The digitalresults show that, the proposed system is not only capable ofdelivering extracted wind power to the power system withoutcurrents/voltages harmonic distortion at grid side, but it canalso satisfactorily compensate neutral current and eliminateharmonic currents which are drawn by unbalanced linear andnon-linear loads. The system dynamic performance isinvestigated under different wind speed and loadingconditions. The system responses prove that the system workssignificantly irrespective of wind speed values and demandedload. Therefore the power quality in terms of grid currentwaveform, total harmonic distortion (THD) factor; frequencyspectrum and system power factor is improved withinpermissible standard values as defined by IEEE-519.

Keywords- Active power filter, grid connected system,harmonics mitigation, matrix converter, permanent magnetsynchronous generator, power quality, and wind energyconversion system.

I. INTRODUCTION

The optimal usage of renewable energy sources (RES) willimprove the overall performance of the electrical utility. RESand unbalanced linear and non-linear loads connected to gridhave adverse effects on the power quality (PQ) of the system[1]. These devices produce distorted current and voltagewaveforms in the power system, due to the presence of powerelectronic switches in their structure, different harmoniccomponents exist in the system, especially in the currentssubmitted/drawn to/from the utility grid [2-4]. The injected

harmonics have several impacts on the utilities grid and loadsconnected to system. To overcome these PQ problems,harmonic active power filters (APF) are widely used in thesystem [5-6]. Using APF reduces system cost and alsoimproves system reliability. Hence, the total harmonicdistortion (THD) is kept as low as possible, improving the PQof the power system.

II. EFFECT OF HARMONICS ON WIND TURBINEGENERATORS

Variable-speed wind turbine (WT) can be used in stand-alone mode or can be connected to the grid. A permanentmagnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and double-fedinduction generator (DFIG) are widely used because of theirhigh performance and PQ features when compared with fixedspeed WT. The majority of research interests related to theon-grid wind energy conversion system (WECS) due to theincreasing ratio of installing WT with the grid in the lastdecade [7]. In this aspect, the control and operation of WTdepend on active and reactive power control, fault ridethrough probability and compensation for non-linear andunbalanced loads. The typical characteristic of unbalancedload causing a non-linear current with high THD value, due tothis non-linear current, the stator output voltage at point ofcommon coupling (PCC) becomes non-sinusoidal with oddharmonic's (6n+1), multiples of fundamental frequency whichdeteriorates the performance of other connected loads withthe generator [8]. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the PQby eliminating these current harmonics, so to get puresinusoidal output at PCC.

III. STUDIED SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

In this study, the analysis are focused on the systemconfiguration with a direct coupling between shunt APF andthe matrix converter (MC) of PMSG wind turbine as shownin Fig.1. Due to the random variation of wind velocities,maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique based onperturbation and observation (P&O) algorithm is included inthe speed control system of the PMSG, to make sure thatWECS extracts the maximum power at all wind velocities.The MC controls the MPPT by adjusting the PMSG terminal

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



frequency, and hence, the shaft speed. Also, the MCemployed to inject the wind power into the utility grid(approximately at unity power factor) under various windspeed conditions. The space vector pulse width modulation(SV-PWM) is used to generate gating signals of MCswitches.

Win

dTu

rbin

e

Fig.1: Basic schematic diagram of grid-tie PMSG WT linkedto shunt APF and unbalanced linear & non-linear load

IV. DESCRIPTION OF WECS

The WECS considered in this paper consists a PMSGdriven by a variable speed WT. The output power from windgenerator delivered to distribution grid through AC/ACmatrix converter system. In this case study the total generatedpower flows through the converter.

A-Wind turbine background

In variable speed WT systems, the turbine is not directlyconnected to the utility grid. Instead, a power electronicinterface is placed between the generator and the grid toprovide decoupling and control of the system. Thus, theturbine is allowed to rotate at any speed over a wide range ofwind speeds [9]. The wind kinetic energy is converted intomechanical power on the PMSG shaft through the WT. ThisPMSG converts the mechanical power into electrical power.The mechanical power can be formulated as follows:

( )30 .5 1M ech p wP C A V=where; PMech is the output mechanical power from WT in

(W), ρ is the air density in (kg/m3), A is swept area of theturbine rotor in (m2) it equals (A=πRr

2) and Rr is the rotorblade radius in (m), Cp is WT power coefficient and Vw is thewind velocity in (m/s). The air density varies with air pressureand temperature, therefore ρ=1.25 kg/m3 for the purpose ofthis work, assuming that the air density ρ and the rotor area Aare constant, the power coefficient Cp equals:

( )2pPmech

PwindC =

The power coefficient Cp is usually given as a function ofthe tip speed ratio λ and the blade pitch angle θ as follows:

( ) ( )116 210.5176 0.4 0.000865 exp 3

i i

pC

−= − − +

The pitch angle θ is the angle between the plane of rotation

and the blade cross section chord [9]; which is consideredzero in this case study, and λi defined by:

( )1 0.035

0.08 1

1

43i

− = − + +

Therefore, the tip speed ratio λ of a WT is defined as:

( )5sp e e d m

sp e e d

r

w

T ip

W in d

R

V

= =

where Rr is the rotor radius in (m) and ωm is mechanicalangular velocity of the generator (it equals WT rotor speed) in(rad/sec). There is an optimal value of the tip speed ratio λwhich gives the maximum power coefficient Cp at whichsystem operates at the MPP [10]. The relationship betweenpower coefficient Cp and the tip speed ratio λ is usuallyprovided by the WT manufacturer.

B-P&O Method for wind MPPT

MPPT is considered an essential part in the variable speedWT. Due to the random variation on the wind velocities, theelectrical power generated from PMSG will vary also andunable to connect to the grid. P&O algorithm that isindependent of the wind velocity detections has been used inthis study. This method is based on perturbing the shaftgenerator speed in small step-size and observing the resultingchanges in the output power until the slope becomes zero.The P&O method is a simple, robust and reliable techniqueand it presented in details in [11-13].

C-Matrix Converter as a Power Conditioning System

Since the variable speed rotor of the WT is directly coupledto the PMSG, this later produces an output voltage withvariable amplitude and frequency. This condition demandsthe use of an extra conditioner to meet the amplitude andfrequency requirements of the utility grid. The AC/AC matrixconverter is applied in this study. It is a single-stage AC/ACbi-directional power flow converter that takes power from ACsource and converts it to another AC system with differentamplitude and frequency. It has the ability to control theoutput voltage magnitude and frequency in addition tooperation at approximately unity power factor in order toinject only active power to the grid. It can also control thePMSG speed in order to track the MPP at all wind speedvalues based on P&O technique. Moreover, it providesapproximately sinusoidal input and output waveforms, withminimal higher order harmonics and no sub-harmonics. Thecomplete structure and switching scheme of MC waspresented in [14-20].



V. PROPOSED CONTROL ALGORITHM OF WECS

The structure of the proposed control algorithm of WECSis outlined in Fig.2. The WT generation system takes windspeed Vw and PMGS angular speed ωm as inputs. Thedeveloped output torque Tm of WT is applied to the PMSGshaft as a mechanical input torque. Since PMS machineoperates in generating mode, hence Tm is considerednegative.

The P&O block takes the PMSG rotor speed ωm and WTmechanical power Pmech as input to provide the estimatedvalue of the MPP speed ωref that achieves MPP extracted atthis wind velocity Vw. The reference generator speed ωref iscompared with the actual generator speed ωm and the errorsignal is applied to conventional PI controllers to generate thereference value for the q-axis component iq_ref; on the otherhand the reference value for the d-axis component id_ref =0 inorder to keep the d-axis component flux equals zero.

The actual three phase stator current signals of thegenerator i_PMSG are measured and converted to the d-q axiscomponent id-iq using Park/Clark Transformation. The actualcurrents in the d-q axis components id-iq are compared withtheir reference values (id_ref - iq_ref) and the error signal isapplied to conventional PI controllers to generate thereference d-q axis voltage components (vd_ref - vq_ref). Thegains of the PI controllers have been manually tuned in orderto achieve acceptable transient response. The d-q referencevoltage components (vd_ref - vq_ref) are converted to the three-phase axis using the inverse Park/Clark transformation inorder to obtain the three-phase reference voltage (va_ref, vb_ref,vc_ref). The three-phase reference voltages are used in the MCcontroller to generate switching pulses of the MC.

Load

APF

Fig.2: Block diagram of the WECS control algorithm

The SV-PWM technique with 6 kHz switching frequencyis used for this purpose because of its advantages [21]. Fig.3presents the details of the grid-tie WECS including PMSG,the MC and its control circuit and the LC input filter. ThePMSG has 4 pairs of poles (P=4), its stator resistance &inductance are (Rstator =2.875 Ω, Ld = Lq=8.5 mH), the PMSGmoment of inertia (J=0.00008 kg.m2) and the PMSG fluxlinkage (Ψ=0.175 wb).

VI. COMPENSATION PRINCIPLE OF SHUNT APF

The compensation principle of APF is to detect theunwanted harmonic components of the line currents and thento generate and inject a signal into the line in such a way toproduce partial or total cancellation of the unwantedcomponents. The proposed shunt APF is controlled usinginstantaneous active and reactive current component id-iq

method [22], which provides efficient way to get rid of theharmonics resulted from the WECS and unbalanced linearand non-linear loads. Such the control of the APF is achievedthrough the common coupling line current iL, filter current if ,and the DC voltage Vdc1&Vdc2 as shown in Fig.4 Eachcomponent of the proposed control system will be explainedin the following subsections.

Fig.3: MATLAB/SIMULINK model of WT system based onPMSG and three-phase matrix converter

A. The Shunt APF StrucureThe APF is shunt connected at common coupling line

(CCL) between WECS and the distribution grid. The APFdesign criteria as shown in Fig.4 compose; a currentcontrolled voltage source inverter (CC-VSI) power circuit,smoothing inductor Lf, two DC capacitors Cdc1 &Cdc2 and theAPF control circuit to obtain the reference currents. The VSIcontains three phase Isolated Gate Bipolar transistor (IGBT)with anti-paralleling diodes connected to the two DCcapacitors located at the DC bus of the IGBT, to serve as anenergy storage element for providing a constant DC voltagefor real power necessary to cover the APF losses at steadystate.

B. Current supplied by the shunt APF

From Fig.4 it is seen that; the APF is controlled todraw/supply a filter compensating current if from/to thesystem, so that it cancels current harmonics at the CCL, henceit improves the submitted current to utility grid to be puresinusoidal and at the same time it makes current and voltageat grid side in phase without harmonic distortion. The filtercompensating current if injected by APF contains allharmonics, to make current at grid side pure sinusoidal. Thedetailed equations which describe the shunt APF conceptwere presented in [23].



VII. APF CONTROL METHOD

The quality and performance of the shunt APF is based oncontrol circuit to generate the reference currents, that must beprovided by the filter to compensate line reactive power andharmonic currents. This involves a set of currents in the phasedomain, which will be tracked generating the switchingsignals applied to VSI by means of the hysteresis controlswitching technique, such that the desired current reference isexactly followed.

A-Compensating Reference Currents

The control strategy for the shunt APF requiresmeasurement of both actual line currents and filter currents.The actual filter currents are compared with referencecurrents as shown in Fig.4. The comparison results is fed togate pulse generation system with hysteresis band (HB)control. The HB current regulators have been widely used forAPF applications because of their high bandwidth, simplestructure and it is the fastest control with minimum hardwareand software [24].

Fig. 4: Shunt APF system configuration & its control circuit

As illustrated in Fig.4, the distorted measured line currents(iLa, iLb, iLc) are transferred into synchronous rotating frame(iLd, iLq) using abc to dq0 transformation block [22] using thephase locked loop (PLL) circuit to maintain thesynchronization with supply system. Using a low pass filter(LPF) and compensation current control, the ac active currentharmonics components of line current (id-ref) are derived. Thereactive power flow is controlled by the fundamentalharmonic quadrature current iLq. However, considering theprimary end of the APF is simply to eliminate currentharmonics, the current iq1 is set to zero as shown in Fig. 4.The harmonic reference currents (id-ref , iq-ref) are transformedto (iref-a , iref-b , iref-c) through dq0 to abc transformation block.

B-DC Voltage Regulation

The DC bus proportional integral PI controller as shown inFig.4, regulates the DC bus voltage Vdc1&Vdc2 to theirreference value Vdc-ref = 600v, and compensates for theinverter losses. The two DC capacitors voltages are sensedand then compared with the reference value. The obtainederror (e = Vdc-ref -Vdc1-Vdc2) used as input for PI controller, theDC bus controller generates a fundamental harmonic directcurrent iq1 to provide the active power transfer required toregulate DC bus voltage and compensate the inverter losses.

C-The gate pulse generation system

The proposed shunt APF uses a fixed HB controller tocompensate for the unwanted line and neutral currents. Itderives the switching signals of the CC-VSI from the currenterror. Where the unwanted reference currents (iref-a , iref-b , iref-c)are compared to the actual filter currents (if-a , if-b , if-c) andproduce the error which is the input to the HB currentcontroller to keep the current within the HB and to producegate switching control pulses (Q1-Q6) for the IGBTs bridge.

VIII. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The proposed grid-tie WECS based on PMSG linked toshunt APF and unbalanced linear and non-linear load throughdirect matrix converter system is not only capable ofsupplying extracted wind power to the utility grid withoutcurrents/voltages harmonic distortion, but it can alsosignificantly mitigate both harmonic currents and neutralcurrent which are caused by both loads and power electronicsin AC/AC matrix conversion stage. In order to demonstratethe validity of the concept discussed previously a simulationusing MATLAB/SIMULINK environment is done asindicated in Fig.5. The system model consists of four blocks;WT generation block, distribution utility grid block, AFPblock and unbalanced linear and non-linear load block. Theseblocks are connected together at CCL through low voltagecables. The grid line voltage is 200v with 50Hz frequency andthe whole system parameters values used in the simulation areshown in Fig.5 and the details of the load block are shown onthe right side in Fig.4.

Fig.5: The complete MATLAB/SIMULINK model of WECStied to distribution grid with APF and unbalanced load



Fig.6 describes the wind speed profile applied in this studywhich vary from (8-10-12 m/s) at time periods of (0-0.2-0.4sec) respectively. During the simulation, the values of powercoefficient Cp and tip speed ratio λ of the WT are remainconstant at their optimal values (Cp = 0.48 and λ = 8.1) togive MPP regardless of the variation in wind speed.

Fig.6: Wind speed profile

Two simulation scenarios have been performed to evaluatethe performance of the proposed shunt APF on the gridcurrents and neutral current under variable wind speedconditions. During the two scenarios, the shunt APF is (inOFF state) during periods (0.0-0.1s, 0.2-0.3s & 0.4-0.5s).While it is commanded to be active (ON state) during periods(0.1-0.2s, 0.3-0.4s & 0.5-0.6s), to compensate the unwantedcomponents in grid currents and to eliminate neutral current.

A-Scenario#1 (The standalone shunt APF with WECS inthe absence of loads)

To evaluate the influence of the standalone shunt APF onWECS, the unbalanced linear and non-linear load isdeactivated to be out of service (OFF state) during thisscenario. Due to similarity between the three phases, onlywaveforms for phase “a” are illustrated in this section forsimplicity. Fig.7.a represents the grid voltage and grid currentwaveforms, Fig.7.b shows the injected filter current andFig.7.c illustrates distribution grid neutral current for differentwind speed conditions (8, 10 &12 m/s).

The same grid currents are represented on Fig.8.a, Fig.8.band Fig.8.c. in line with their associated FFT analysis. Fig.7.ashows the grid phase voltage and its corresponding grid linecurrent. It is clear that the grid current and grid voltage areout of phase by 180 degree. This phase shift indicates that thepower is delivered to utility grid not received. Therefore, thewind turbine injects active power only to the utility grid withunity power factor. From Fig.7.a, we can observe theinfluence of the wind speed, and therefore the kinetic energyof wind on the amplitudes of grid current in the periodbetween (0.2-0.4s) and (0.4-0.6s). With the increase of thewind speed, currents values become more in the grid side.

The upper parts of Fig.8.a, Fig.8.b & Fig.8.c show theWECS currents which submitted to the distribution utilitygrid without and with active filtering.

The lower parts of Fig.8.a, Fig.8.b & Fig.8.c provide theFFT analysis of the submitted current to the utility grid. It isobservable that after connecting the APF at (t = 0.1 s, 0.3 s&0.5s) and during active filter operating time, the grid currentwaveform approaches more than sinusoidal form andharmonic currents are compensated to standard values assummarized in Table.1.

Fig.8 (a) WECS grid current waveform (igrid_a) & its FFTanalysis, without loads at wind speed=8 m/s

Grid

Cur

rent

(A)

Mag

.(%

ofFu

ndam

enta

l)

Mag

.(%

ofFu

ndam

enta

l)

Fig.8 (b) WECS grid current waveform (igrid_a) & its FFTanalysis, without loads at wind speed=10 m/s

Loads OFF & APF is OFF Loads OFF & APF is ONat wind speed = 12 m/sec

igrid_aigrid_a

Harmonic order of igrid-a Harmonic order of igrid-a(b)

Time (sec)

(a)

THDi = 9.72 %Fundamental (50Hz) = 5.58A

THDi = 2.75 %Fundamental (50Hz) = 5.49A

Fig.8 (c) WECS grid current waveform (igrid_a) & its FFTanalysis, without loads at wind speed=12 m/s

TABLE.1% THD OF THE WECS SUBMITTED CURRENT TO DISTRIBUTION GRID

BEFORE AND AFTER COMPENSATION IN ABSENCE OF LOADS

% THDAt wind speed APF=OFF APF=ON

% THD reductionimprovement

8 m/sec 14.55 2.79 80.8210 m/sec 11.21 1.73 84.5712 m/sec 9.72 2.75 71.70

B-Scenario#2 (The APF with WTG system in the presenceof unbalanced linear and non-linear loads)

In this scenario, unbalanced linear and non-linear load isconnected to CCL to be in service (ON state). Fig.9.a &Fig.9.b represent three phase grid voltage and current



Fig.7: (a) Grid voltage & current vgrid_a & igrid_a (b) Injected filter current if_a (c) Distribution grid neutral current iN

in the absence of loads at different wind speed conditions

Fig.9: (a) Three phase grid voltages vgrid (b) Three phase grid currents igrid (c) Neutral current iN measured at grid side in the presence of unbalanced linear and non-linear loads at different wind speed conditions



waveforms and Fig.9.c shows the neutral current measuredat grid side at different wind speed conditions (8, 10 &12m/s) before and after active power filtering process.

The three phase load currents are depicted in Fig.10,where Fig.10.a, Fig.10.b & Fig.10.c represent load currents ofphase “a, b & c” with the dominant harmonic order 3rd

(150Hz), 5th (250Hz) & 7th (350Hz) for each phaserespectively.

The injected three phase active power filter currents areshown in Fig.11, which indicate the ON state and OFF stateperiods of the APF and the delivered APF compensatingcurrent waveforms to CCL.

It is clear from Fig.9.c the powerful of the APF tocompensate the neutral grid current, caused by the unbalancedload, to equal zero during APF operation periods.

Fig.9.a & Fig.9.b show the effectiveness of the AC/ACmatrix converter for providing the active power only to theutility grid with unity power factor whether the APF is inservice or out of service. This is observable from the 180degree phase shift between the grid current waveforms andgrid voltage waveforms.

Fig.10: Three phase load currents iload_ at different wind speedconditions

(a) ph-a with dominant 3rd (150Hz) harmonic order(b) ph-b with dominant 5th (250Hz) harmonic order(c) ph-c with dominant 7th (350Hz) harmonic order

Fig.11: Injected three phase filter currents (if_a , if_b , if_c )inthe presence of unbalanced linear and non-linear load at

different wind speed conditions

Referring to Fig.9.b, it is worth mentioning that beforeconnecting APF at (t = 0.0 s, 0.2 s &0.4s) and during the(OFF state) of the APF, the submitted currents to distributiongrid contain more harmonics and distorted currentwaveforms. Whereas after connecting APF at (t = 0.1 s, 0.3 s&0.5s) and during active filter operating time (ON state), thegrid current waveforms approached more than sinusoidal

form, and harmonic currents are compensated to standardvalues. Using the built-in function for the FFT analysis in theMATLAB /SIMULINK, the %THD of submitted currents byWECS to utility grid is extracted and given in Table.2, whichshows a decrease in the %THD of the grid current waveformsto good level within acceptable standard values.

TABLE 2% THD OF WECS SUBMITTED CURRENT TO DISTRIBUTION GRID BEFORE

AND AFTER COMPENSATION IN THE PRESENCE OF LOADS

% THD of submitted current to gridPhase-a Phase-b Phase-cwind

speed before after before after before after

Min. % THDreductionimprovement

8 m/s 35.55 4.09 42.04 4.07 38.28 4.03 88.4910 m/s 20.61 2.32 25.27 2.31 21.29 2.33 88.7412 m/s 14.73 1.43 16.04 1.50 15.82 1.45 90.29

IX. CONCLUSION

The performance and feasibility of the proposed grid-tieWECS based on PMSG interfaced to shunt APF andunbalanced linear and non-linear load through direct MC wasrealized and verified through simulation studies usingMATLAB /SIMULINK under different operating conditions.

The connection of the WECS to the utility grid takes placein one stage using the direct AC/AC matrix converter.Meanwhile, the methodology of dynamic shunt APF with itsadaptive control was used to enhance power quality at utilityend in a grid system connected to wind renewable energysource. The APF design, structure and its control system wasalso presented.

The simulated system is subjected to unbalanced linear andnon-linear load disturbances to study the effectiveness of theproposed shunt APF. The shunt APF allows the harmonicspresent in the utility system to be compensated and theneutral grid current to be eliminated, providing a good powerquality of supply to customers.

The digital results prove that the proposed APF is not onlycapable of delivering the wind power to the distribution gridwith acceptable THD, but it will also act to mitigate theneutral current and harmonics injected by the unbalancedlinear and non-linear loads.

The obtained results demonstrate that the shunt APFperforms very well in spite of variation in wind speed. Also,maximum power extraction from WT can be achievedthrough SV-PWM control technique at the generator side togenerate switching signals of AC/AC matrix converter. TheMPPT algorithm based on P&O method is included.Simulation results prove that, in the presence of the shuntAPF, the wind turbine system tracks the MPP and injects onlypure sinusoidal active currents to the distribution grid at allwind speeds, whether there is unbalanced linear and non-linear load or without a load.

Furthermore the simulation shows that the proposed shuntAPF offers better sinusoidal grid current waveform withaverage 84% improvement of THD reduction as illustrated intables 1&2.



VII. REFERENCES

[1] Pallagiri Venkata Dinesh Reddy, S. Chandra mouli,“Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources Based Four LegInverter for Power Quality Improvement”,International Journal of Advanced Technology andInnovative Research, Volume.07, No.06, pp.1092-1098, July-2015.

[2] Sudheer Kasa, P. Ramanathan, S.amasamy , D.P.Kothari; “ Effective grid interfaced renewable sourceswith power quality improvement using dynamic activepower filter”, Proceedings of Electrical Power andEnergy Systems 82, pp.150–160, 2016.

[3] Senthilkumar. A ,Poongothai. K, Selvakumar. S,Silambarasan. Md, P. Ajay-D-VimalRaj “Mitigationof Harmonic Distortion in Microgrid System usingAdaptive Neural Learning Algorithm based ShuntActive Power Filter ” SMART GRID Technologies,Procedia Technology 21, PP.147-154, August 2015.

[4] H. H. Tumbelaka, Lawrence J. Borle, Chemmangot V.Nayar and Seong Ryong Lee, "A Grid CurrentControlling Shunt Active Power Filter", Journal ofPower Electronics, Vol. 9, No. 3, May 2009.

[5] Sajid Hussain Qazi, Mohd Wazir Mustafa,“ Review onactive filters and its performance with grid connectedfixed and variable speed wind turbine generator”Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, ScienceDirect 57, pp. 420–438, 2016.

[6] H. H. Tumbelaka, C. V. Nayar, K. Tan, and L. J.Borle, "Active filtering applied to a line-commutatedinverter fed permanent magnet wind generator",International Power Engineering ConferenceIPEC2003,Singapore, 2003.

[7] Oğuz Y,Güney İ, Çalık H. "Power quality control anddesign of power converter for variable-speed windenergy conversion system with permanent- magnetsynchronous generator".Sci-World-July; 1–14, 2013.

[8] Phan V-T,Lee H-H. "Control strategy for harmonicelimination in stand-alone DFIG applications withnonlinear loads". IEEE Trans. Power Electron; 26:2662–75, 2013.

[9] E. Hau, "Wind Turbines: Fundamentals,Technologies, Application, Economics", 2nd edition.Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2006.

[10] Q. Wang and L. Chang, "An intelligent maximumpower extraction algorithm for inverter-basedvariable speed wind turbine systems," PowerElectronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 19, pp. 1242-1249, 2004.

[11] M. Abdullah, A. Yatim, C. Tan, and R. Saidur, "Areview of maximum power point tracking algorithmsfor wind energy systems," Renewable and SustainableEnergy Reviews, vol. 16, pp. 3220-3227, 2012.

[12] A. Mahdi, W. Tang, and Q. Wu, "Estimation of tipspeed ratio using an adaptive perturbation andobservation method for wind turbine generatorsystems," in Renewable Power Generation (RPG

2011), IET Conference on , pp. 1-6, 2011.[13] J. S. Thongam and M. Ouhrouche, "MPPT control

methods in wind energy conversion systems,"Fundamental and Advanced Topics in Wind Power,pp. 339-360, 2011.

[14] D. Casadei, G. Grandi, G. Serra, and A. Tani, "Spacevector control of matrix converters with unity inputpower factor and sinusoidal input/output waveforms,"in Power Electronics and Applications, 1993., FifthEuropean Conference on, pp. 170-175, 1993.

[15] P. W. Wheeler, J. Rodriguez, J. C. Clare, L.Empringham, and A. Weinstein, "Matrix converters: atechnology review," Industrial Electronics, IEEETransactions on, vol. 49, pp. 276-288, 2002.

[16] A. Alesina & M. Vent., "Solid-state powerconversion: A Fourier analysis approach togeneralized transformer synthesis," Circuits andSystems, IEEE on, Vol.28, pp. 319-330, 1981.

[17] A. Alesina and M. Venturini, "Analysis and design ofoptimum-amplitude nine-switch direct AC-ACconverters," Power Electronics, IEEE Transactionson, vol. 4, pp. 101-112, 1989.

[18] J. Rodriguez, M. Rivera, J. W. Kolar, and P. W.Wheeler, "A review of control and modulationmethods for matrix converters," IEEE Transactions onIndustrial Electronics, vol. 59, pp. 58-70, 2012.

[19] J. Rodriguez, E. Silva*, F. Blaabjerg, P. Wheeler, J.Clare, and J. Pontt, "Matrix converter controlled withthe direct transfer function approach: analysis,modelling and simulation," International journal ofelectronics, vol. 92, pp. 63-85, 2005.

[20] L. Zhang, C. Watthanasarn, and W. Shepherd,"Control of AC-AC matrix converters for unbalancedand/or distorted supply voltage," in Power ElectronicsSpecialists Conference, 2001. PESC. 2001 IEEE 32ndAnnual, pp. 1108-1113, 2001.

[21] M. Y. Lee, P. Wheeler, and C. Klumpner, "Space-vector modulated multilevel matrix converter,"Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 57,pp. 3385-3394, 2010.

[22] R. S. Herrera and P. Salmerón, "InstantaneousReactive Power Theory: A Reference in the NonlinearLoads Compensation", IEEE Transactions onIndustrial Electronics, Vol. 56, No. 6, pp. 2015-2022,June 2009.

[23] A. Eid, M. Abdel-Salam, H. El-Kishky, T. El-Mohandes, “Active power filters for harmoniccancellation in conventional and advanced aircraftelectric power systems”, "Electric Power SystemsResearch", 2008.

[24] D.–H, Chen&S.–J. Xie, "Review of Control StrategiesApplied to Active Power Filters,” Proceedings of theIEEE International Conference on Electric UtilityDeregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies(DRPT), Hong Kong, pp.666-670, 2004.

Documents

Dynamic Active Power Filtering for On-Grid PMSG Variable-Speed Wind Turbine via Three …infomesr.org/attachments/W-2016-016.pdf · 2017-04-20 · on-grid wind energy conversion system