dvelopment screning

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KONSEP KUESIONER PRA SKRINING PERKEMBANGAN (KPSP)

• Definition

KPSP Is a short questionnaire addressed to parents and used as a preliminary

screening tool for development of children aged 3 months to 6 years. For each age

group there were 10 questions for parents or caregivers of children.

• Purpose of KPSP

KPSP can be used to determine the presence or absence of obstacles, interference

or problems in child development.

• o! to "se KPSP

ealth officials read KPSP first. #hen provide an opportunity for parents to ans!er the

question group in accordance !ith the child$s age. %esults are recorded in the &ard Data

'ro!th.

• o! to &alculate (ge &hildren

#he child$s age determined by year and month. )*cess +6 days rounded up to + month.

)*ample &hildren aged 3 months to +6 days, rounded to - months, &hildren aged

months and + days, rounded to months.

• o! to Select /uestion KPSP

/uestions posed to the parents and the chosen group of questions in accordance !ith the

child$s age.

• o! to (ssess KPSP

a0 %e1e*amine !hether all the questions have been ans!ered.

b0 &alculating the number of ans!ers 2es.

c0 If the number of ans!ers 2es 4 or +5 means children !ho e*amined normal 70.

d0 If the number of 2es less than 4, then it needs to be e*amined again on



• o! to calculate the age of the child.

• o! to choose KPSP question, !hether in accordance !ith the child$s age.

•

8hether the ans!er to the parents 9 caregivers of children in accordance!ith !hich one.

• If the number of ans!ers 2es : or ;, specify a schedule for re1

e*amination one !ee< later "0.

• If the re1e*amination of the number of ans!ers 2es fi*ed : or ;, then the

child requires further e*amination 9 referenced #70.

7ote /uestions KPSP used in the re1e*amination tailored to the child$s

age on the date of the re1e*amination.

e0 If the number of ans!ers 2es 6 or less, then the child requires further

e*amination 9 referenced #70.

• o! to &onduct Inspection %epeat !ith KPSP

%ee*amination using 3 held on the follo!ing circumstances

a0 KPSP negative results or the number of ans!ers 2es 4 or +5, re1e*amination

can be done.

b0 every 3 months to under += months of age.

c0 every 6 months to age += s 9 d := months nevertheless more frequent

e*aminations !ill be better.

d0 %esults KPSP the number 2es : or ;, ree*amination conducted + !ee< later ne*t to the first e*amination.

e0 %esults KPSP to ans!er 2es less or ree*amination remains :1;, the child needs

to be referred to health care facilities more complete.

• o! to %ecord %esults KPSP



KPSP results are recorded in the Data &ard 'ro!th page -0. 8rite the ans!er age 2es or

7o in the bo* provided for each question according to age groups of children. #hen

compute the ans!er 2es.

If the assessment KPSP 4 or +5 ans!ers 2es, it means a good child development code

70.

If the assessment KPSP : or ;, means dubious and children need to be re1e*amined +

!ee< later.

If the assessment KPSP less than : means positive children should be referred code

#70

DDST (Denver Development Screening Test)

DDS# is one method of screening for developmental disorders of children. #his test is not a

diagnostic test or I/ test. DDS# used to estimate the personal development of social, fine motor,

language and gross motor s<ills in children aged + month to 6 years.

Test esign

#he test consists of up to += items, divided into four parts

• Social9personal aspects of socialisation inside and outside the home 1 eg, smiling.• >ine motor function eye9hand co1ordination, and manipulation of small ob?ects 1 eg,

grasping and dra!ing.

• @anguage production of sounds, and ability to recognise, understand and use language 1

eg, ability to combine !ords

• 'ross motor functions motor control, sitting, !al<ing, ?umping, and other movements

Applic!tion

•

7o special training is required.• #he test ta<es appro*imately =5 minutes to administer and interpret.

• #here may be some variation in time ta<en, depending on both the age and co1operation

of the child.

• Intervie!s can be performed by almost anyone !ho !or<s !ith children and medical

professionals.



• #he items are recorded through direct observations of the child plus, for some points, the

mother reports !hether the child is capable of performing a given tas<.

• 2ounger infants can sit on their mother$s lap.

• #he test should be given slo!ly.

#he DDS# II form

"ser guide boo< as a reference that e*plains the !ays to test and ho! assessment.

DDS# procedure consists of t!o phases, namely

+. #he first stage periodically performed on all children aged

• 316 months

• 41+= months

• +;1=- months• 3 years

• - years

• years

=. #he second stage done on those suspected developmental delays during the first phase.

#hen proceed !ith a complete diagnostic evaluation.

I7SP)&#IA7 A> DDS# II

•

Set the chronological age of the child, as< your child$s date of birth to be chec<ed. "sestandard 35 days to one month and += months for one year.

• If in the calculation of the age of less than + days rounded do!n, if it is equal to or more

than + days rounded up.

• Dra! a line based on chronological age intersecting horiBontal line on the form DDS#

development tas<s.

• (fter that counted in each sector, ho! the P and ho! the >.

• (ccording to the guidelines, the test results are classified into 7ormal, (bnormal,

doubtful and can not be tested.

a0 (bnormal 8hen you got t!o or more delay, the = sectors or more

If in one or more sectors gained = or more delay plus one sector or more

!ith one delay and in the same sector is no pass in the bo* that intersects

the vertical lines of age.

b0 Doubtful If the first sector gained = delay or more



If on one sector or more earned + delay and in the same sector nobody

pass in the bo* that intersects the vertical lines of age.c0 It can not be tested

In case of re?ection that caused the results of tests become abnormal or doubtful.

d0 7ormal

(ll that is not listed in the above criteria.

Interpret!tion o" t#e test

• #he data are presented as age norms, similar to a gro!th curve.

• Dra! a vertical line at the child$s chronological age on the chartsC if the infant !as

premature, subtract the months premature from chronological age.

• #he more items a child fails to perform passed by 45 of his9her peers0, the more li<ely

the child manifests a significant developmental deviation that !arrants further evaluation

Soet$iningsi#% &'&% Tumbuh Kembang Anak. !*!rt!+ EG,%

Pei!tric S-mptom ,#ec*list (PS,)

#he Pediatric Symptom &hec<list is a one1page questionnaire listing a broad range of

children$s emotional and behavioral problems that reflects parents$ impressions of their child$s

psychosocial functioning. #he screen is intended to facilitate the recognition of emotional and

behavioral problems so that appropriate interventions can be initiated as early as possible.

In the field of mental health, the PS& has been used as an outcome measure in an

outpatient child psychiatry clinic and has demonstrated preliminary validity and utility for both

global and subscale scores.

#he PS& consists of 3 items that are rated as E7everF ESometimes,F or EAftenF present

and scored 5, +, and =, respectively. #he total score is calculated by adding together the score for

each of the 3 items. &utoff scores for pre1school and school1age children indicating clinical

levels of dysfunction have been empirically derived using %eceiver Aperator &haracteristic

analyses in studies comparing the performance of the PS& to other validated questionnaires and

clinicians$ assessments of children$s overall functioning Gelline<, +4;6C Gelline< et al., +4;6C

@ittle et al., +44-0. Positive screens are those !ith scores above =: for ages 61+; and scores of =-



and higher for children ages - and . >or the PS,./, the cutoff is 35 and higher and for the

PS,.0, the cutoff score is +.

Scoring t#e PS,

Instr1ctions "or Scoring

#he standard parent1completed PS& form consists of 31items that are rated as E7everF,

ESometimesF, or EAftenF present and scored 5, +, and =, respectively. Item scores are summed so

that the total score is calculated by adding together the score for each of the 3 items, !ith a

possible range of scores from 51:5. If one to three items are left blan< by parents, they are simply

ignored score 50. If four or more items are left blan<, the questionnaire is considered invalid.

#he total score is recoded into a dichotomous variable indicating psychosocial impairment or

not. >or children aged si* through eighteen, the cut1off score is =; =; or above impairedC =: or

belo! not impaired0. >or children ages 31, the scores on elementary school related items , 6,

+: and +; are ignored and a total score based on the 3+ remaining items is computed. #he cut1off

score for younger children is =- or greater.

( positive score on the PS& suggests the need for further evaluation by a qualified health H.D.,

%.7.0 or mental health Ph.D., @I&S8, Psy.D.0 professional. oth false positives and false

negatives occur, and only an e*perienced clinician should interpret a positive PS& score as

anything other than a suggestion that further evaluation may be helpful.

(ll forms of the PS& are scored in this same !ay, although different cut1off scores have

been recommended for some of the available versions. Pediatricians !hose practices serve a

distinct culture should begin by collecting data on a number of cases to ascertain the accuracy of

a cut1off score of =; for their population. If more than = or less than of a given population

screen positive, it may be especially important to consider using a different cut1off score.

G!rner2 3%2 A% 41c!s2 D% % Kol*o !n % 5% ,!mpo (&''0)% 6,omp!rison o" t#e PS,.0

!n !ltern!tive ment!l #e!lt# screens in !n !t.ris* prim!r- c!re s!mple%6 o1rn!l o" t#e

Americ!n Ac!em- o" ,#il 7 Aolescent Ps-c#i!tr- -6(8)+ 9.9:%

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