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Dutch experiencesith th Cwith the Census
Presentation at the IPUMS Workshop20 & 21 August 2011
*Eric Schulte Nordholt
Contents• History of the Dutch Census• Definition and driving forces of the SSD• Introduction Virtual Census• Data sources• Combining sources: micro linkage• Combining sources: micro integration• Combining sources: micro integration• Conditions facilitating use of administrative sources• Miscellaneous aspects
C i i h h i• Comparison with other countries• Comparison with other years • Harmonisation• Microdata availability• Data integration activities between the 2001 Census and the 2011 Census
Dutch experiences with the Census 1
History of the Dutch Census (1)
TRADITIONAL CENSUSMinistry of Home Affairs:Ministry of Home Affairs:1829, 1839, 1849, 1859, 1869, 1879 and 1889
Statistics Netherlands:Statistics Netherlands:1899, 1909, 1920, 1930, 1947, 1960 and 1971
U illi ( ) d d tiUnwillingness (nonresponse) and reduction expenses no more Traditional Censuses
ALTERNATIVE: VIRTUAL CENSUS1981 and 1991: Population Register and surveys
Dutch experiences with the Census 2
History of the Dutch Census (2)
Development 90’s: more registers →p g
2001 and 2011:integrated set of registers and surveys
2001 G tl ’ t2001: Gentlemen’s agreement2011: European Census Act
Social Statistical Database (SSD)
Dutch experiences with the Census 3
Definition and driving forces of the SSDDefinition and driving forces of the SSD
Definition:set of integrated microdata files with coherent and detailed demographic and socio-economic data on persons, households, jobs and benefitsp , , jNo remaining internal conflicting information
Driving forces:
Virtual Census of 2001• Virtual Census of 2001
• Better products: more coherence and flexibility
Dutch experiences with the Census 4
Introduction Virtual CensusWhy a Census?Statistical information for research and policy purposes
What kind of information?• Size of (sub)population(s)• Demographic and socio-economic characteristics, atnational and regional levelnational and regional level
Gentlemen’s agreementE t t di t f EU i d EFTA• Eurostat: coordinator of EU, accession and EFTA countries in the 2001 Census Round
• Census Table Programme, every 10 years
Dutch experiences with the Census 5Census Table Programme, every 10 years
Data sourcesRegisters:• Population Register (PR), 16.5 million records• Jobs file containing all employees• Jobs file, containing all employees • Self-employed file, containing all self-employed• Fiscal administration• Social Security administrations• Pensions and life insurance benefits• Housing registerHousing register
Surveys:• Survey on Employment and Earnings (SEE) stoppedy p y g ( ) pp• Labour Force Survey data around Census Day• Housing survey
Dutch experiences with the Census 6
Combining sources: micro linkage• Linkage key:
Registers Citizen Service Number uniqueCitizen Service Number, unique
Surveys Sex, date of birth,Sex, date of birth, address (postal code and house number)
• Linkage key replaced by RIN person• Linkage key replaced by RIN-person
• Linkage strategyO ti i i b f t hOptimizing number of matchesMinimizing number of mismatches and missed matches
Dutch experiences with the Census 7matches
Combining sources: micro integrationMicro integration aims at improving data quality inMicro integration aims at improving data quality in combined sources by searching and correcting for errors on unit level
Collecting data from several sources• Collecting data from several sources more comprehensive and coherent information onaspects of a person’s life
• Compare sources- coverage- conflicting information (reliability of sources)conflicting information (reliability of sources)
• Integration rules- checks- adjustments- imputations
• Optimal use of information quality improves
Dutch experiences with the Census 8• Optimal use of information quality improves
Conditions facilitating use of administrative sources
• Legal base (Statistics Act)• Public approval (‘Big Brother is watching you’)
C ti th iti ( i l t• Cooperation among authorities (mainly government organisations)
• Comprehensive and reliable register systemComprehensive and reliable register system (administrative versus statistical quality)
• Unified identification system (preferably unique ID-b )numbers)
Dutch experiences with the Census 9
Mi ll t (1)Miscellaneous aspects (1)
Stable identifiers• Stable identifiers• Stability of registers
O l dit h t d t b dit d (b t t d• Only edit what needs to be edited (by automated procedures)• Dates of real events versus dates of registrationDates of real events versus dates of registration• Derived variables (example: current activity status)• Impact on the organisation (change of culture)Impact on the organisation (change of culture)• Communication with register holders
Dutch experiences with the Census 10
Miscellaneous aspects (2)
Output inspired harmonisation (coverage definitions
Miscellaneous aspects (2)
Output inspired harmonisation (coverage, definitions, reference periods): the one figure for one phenomenon idea
StatLine:all statistical information on the weball statistical information on the web(via home page of Statistics Netherlands)
http://www cbs nl/en GB/default htmhttp://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/default.htm
Dutch experiences with the Census 11
Comparison with other countriesComparison with other countriesTraditional Census (complete enumeration): Most countries in the world (including Ireland)Most countries in the world (including Ireland)
Traditional Census (partial enumeration): Some countries (including Germany)
Mixture of traditional Census and Registers:Mixture of traditional Census and Registers:Some countries (e.g. Poland and Switzerland)
Rolling Census:France and ma be some Latin American co ntriesFrance and maybe some Latin American countries
Entirely or largely register-based (Virtual) Census:Four Nordic countries (Norway, Sweden, Finlandand Denmark), the Netherlands, Austria andSlovenia
Dutch experiences with the Census 12
Comparison with other years
Number of inhabitants and household size
18 6
12
14
16
mln
)
4
5
e
8
10
12
of in
habi
tant
s (x
3
4
an h
ouse
hold
siz
e
2
4
6
Num
ber
1
2
Mea
01829 1839 1849 1859 1879 1889 1899 1909 1920 1930 1947 1960 1971 1981 1991 2001
Census year
0
Number of inhabitants Mean household size
Dutch experiences with the Census 13
Harmonisation (1)More information about the Dutch traditional Censuses (including those of 1960 and 1971):htt // lk t lli l/ /http://www.volkstellingen.nl/en/
For 1960 and 1971 the same variables as for 2001For 1960 and 1971 the same variables as for 2001• if not available: constructed based on existing variables in Census data
Variables not internationally harmonised (e.g. sex, age, marital status, household position, country of g ybirth, economic status, household size and country of citizenship)• same classification and priority rules as for 2001
Dutch experiences with the Census 14same classification and priority rules as for 2001
Harmonisation (2)( )
Household size and country of citizenship:y p• missing for 1960Religious denomination (philosophy of life):• only for 1960 and 1971only for 1960 and 1971Place of residence one year prior to the census:• only for 2001
International classifications• Branch of current economic activity: ISIC / NACE• Occupation: ISCO• Level of educational attainment: ISCED
Dutch experiences with the Census 15
Harmonisation (3) 1960 1971 2001Sex X X XAge X X X
Country of citizenship X XMarital status X X XMarital status X X XHousehold position X X XReligious denomination X XC t f bi th X X XCountry of birth X X XHousehold size X X
Place of residence one year Xprior to the censusEconomic status X X XLevel of educational attainment X X XOccupation X X X
Branch of current economic activity
X X X
Dutch experiences with the Census 16activity
Microdata availabilityy
One percent samples for three years (1960, 1971 and 2001)2001)IPUMS (Integrated Public Use Microdata Series):http://www.ipums.org/international/index.html
Weighting to population totals
Protecting according to rules for public use filesProtecting according to rules for public use files
Microdata sets for all three years available for research!research!DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services):http://www.dans.knaw.nl/en/
Dutch experiences with the Census 17
Data integration activities between the 2001 C d th 2011 C (1)2001 Census and the 2011 Census (1)• Tables
(http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/dossiers/volkstellingen/publicaties/g p2005-virtual-dutch-census-art.htm)B k d t h t• Book and extra chapter (http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/dossiers/volkstellingen/publicaties/2001-b57-e-pub.htm)
Dutch experiences with the Census 18
Data integration activities between the 2001 C d th 2011 C (2)2001 Census and the 2011 Census (2)• Integrated Public Use Microdata Series
(htt //i t ti l i /i t ti l)(https://international.ipums.org/international)• Lectures (Conferences, Universities, Research
institutes, Statististical offices), )• ESTP-course Registers in Statistics (Oslo)• International Statistical Seminar Eustat in Bilbao
(http://www.eustat.es/prodserv/seminario_i.html)• Digitalizing (http://www.volkstellingen.nl)
Recommendations and register based statistics• Recommendations and register-based statistics• CENEX on ISAD (http://cenex-isad.istat.it)• European census regulations
Dutch experiences with the Census 19European census regulations
Data integration activities between theData integration activities between the 2001 Census and the 2011 Census (3)
• Sources (the PR as backbone of the census, changes in contents and quality of registers, remaining information from surveys)g y )
• Estimation method (repeated weighting, new version of the software, fall-back option of
i hti t PR l i t ti )weighting to PR, less imputations)• Statistical Disclosure Control of the hypercubes
(Task Force on the EU Methodology for Census ( as o ce o e U e odo ogy o Ce susData Disclosure Control)
• Web service (Tabular data in SDMX format)
Dutch experiences with the Census 20
Time for questions and discussion
Dutch experiences with the Census 21Time for questions and discussion
