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During the early part of World War II a brigade of French soldiers were trapped by a superior force of German force and unable to escape. The French were without adequate food and virtually out of water for several hot September days.
When they finally escaped the encirclement, the soldiers retreated. They came across a farm with many bee hives and quickly removed the combs and ate large amounts of honey.
All but one perished within several hours. WHY??? (They did not die from enemy fire or bee stings.)
Organic Chemistry
Carbon• Living things are mostly made
of very few elements
• C H O N P S
• Carbon is the most useful
• Plants take in carbon from CO2 .
• Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds
• Vitalism vs. mechanism.
Carbon
Remember Miller?
Isomers• Structural
• Geometric
• Enantiomers
Isomers• Structural
vs.
• Geometric
• Enantiomers
Isomers• Structural
vs.
• Geometric
vs.
• Enantiomers
Isomers• Structural
vs.
• Geometric
vs.
• Enantiomers
vs.
Functional Groups• hydroxyl• carbonyl• carboxyl• amino• sulfhydryl• phosphate
-OH
>CO
-COOH
-NH2
-SH
-OPO32-
ATP• Adenosine triphosphate is the
primary energy source for the cell
℗-℗-℗-adenosine
ATP → ADP + energy.
Macromolecules• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic acids.
Carbohydrates• Sugars (CH2O)
• Dehydration → polymers
• Storage polymers
• Structural polysaccharides .
Dehydration synthesis:
Dehydration synthesis:
Dehydration synthesis:
Dehydration synthesis:
Dehydration synthesis:
Dehydration synthesis:
Dehydration synthesis:
CH2OH CH2OHCH2OH
CH2OH CH2OHCH2OH CH2OHCH2OH
starch
CH2OH
CH2OH CH2OH
CH2OH CH2OHCH2OH
cellulose
CH2OH
Lipids• Fats
• Fatty acid has hydroxyl group
• Triglycerides
• Saturated and unsaturated
• Phospholipids
• Steroids.
fatty acid
fatty acid
glycerol
dehydration synthesis
dehydration synthesis
dehydration synthesis
triglycerid
e
saturated
unsaturated
saturated
ph
osp
ho
lipid
OH
cholesterol
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
O
testosterone
CH3
CH3
OH
OH
estradiol
CH3
OH
Concept Check Questions
Concept Check Questions
Draw a structural formula for C2H4.
Concept Check Questions
What is the chemical similarity between gasoline and fat?
Concept Check Questions
What does the term “amino acid” signify
about the structure of such a molecule?
Concept Check Questions
How many molecules of water are needed to
completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 10 monomers long?
Concept Check Questions
After you eat a slice of apple, which reactions must occur
for the amino acid monomers in the protein of the apple to be converted into proteins in
your body?
Concept Check Questions
A dehydration reaction joins two glucose
molecules to form maltose. The formula for glucose is
C6H12O6. what is the formula for maltose?
Concept Check Questions
Compare and contrast starch and cellulose.
Concept Check Questions
Compare the structure of a fat with that of a
phospholipid.
Concept Check Questions
How do saturated fats differ from unsaturated fats, both in structure
and behavior?
.
