DuPont™ Suva® MP39 (R-401A) refrigerant

DuPont™ Suva® MP66 (R-401B) refrigerant

DuPont™ Suva® 409A (R-409A) refrigerant

DuPont™Suva® MP

and 409ARefrigerant

BlendsProperties, Uses,

Storage, and Handling

Technical Information

P-MP/409A

DuPont™ Suva®

refrigerants

DuPont™ Suva® MP and 409A Refrigerant BlendsProperties, Uses, Storage, and Handling

Table of Contents

Introduction ................................................................................ 1Background ............................................................................... 1Suva® Refrigerant Blends to Replace R-12 ............................... 1

Uses ............................................................................................. 1Effect of Leakage on Performance ............................................ 2

Physical Properties .................................................................... 2Chemical/Thermal Stability ....................................................... 4

Thermal Decomposition ............................................................. 4Stability with Metals and Refrigeration Lubricants ..................... 4

Materials Compatibility .............................................................. 4Elastomers ................................................................................. 5Motor Materials .......................................................................... 5Desiccants ................................................................................. 5Refrigeration Lubricants............................................................. 5Hose Permeation ....................................................................... 15

Safety ........................................................................................... 15Inhalation Toxicity ...................................................................... 15Spills or Leaks ........................................................................... 15Nonflammability of Suva® Refrigerants ...................................... 16Combustibility of Suva® Refrigerants ......................................... 16Flame Enhancement of Suva® Refrigerants .............................. 16

Monitors and Leak Detection .................................................... 16Types of Detectors .................................................................... 16

Storage and Handling ................................................................ 17Shipping Containers in U.S........................................................ 17Handling Precautions for Suva® Refrigerants

Shipping Containers ............................................................... 18Responsible Use ........................................................................ 19

Recovery ................................................................................... 19Reclamation .............................................................................. 19Recycle ..................................................................................... 19Disposal .................................................................................... 19

IntroductionBackgroundChlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were devel-oped over 60 years ago, have many unique proper-ties. They are low in toxicity, nonflammable,noncorrosive, and compatible with other materials.In addition, they offer the thermodynamic andphysical properties that make them ideal for avariety of uses. CFCs have been used as refriger-ants; as blowing agents in the manufacture ofinsulation, packaging, and cushioning foams; ascleaning agents for metal and electronic compo-nents; and in many other applications.However, the stability of these compounds,coupled with their chlorine content, has linkedthem to depletion of the earth’s protective ozonelayer. As a result, DuPont has stopped productionof CFCs and is offering environmentally acceptablealternatives, such as the family of DuPont™ Suva®

refrigerant blends.

Suva® Refrigerant Blends toReplace R-12DuPont has developed Suva® refrigerants asalternatives for CFC-12 in refrigeration and airconditioning applications. These refrigerants areintended to replace CFC-12 in existing refrigera-tion equipment. Suva® MP66 is also an excellentreplacement for R-500 applications.Suva® MP39 and MP66 products contain threecomponents: HCFC-22, HFC-152a, and HCFC-124. Table 1A shows their compositions.

Table 1AComposition of DuPont™ Suva® MP

Refrigerant Blends, wt%HCFC-22 HFC-152a HCFC-124

Suva® MP39 (R-401A) 53 13 34

Suva® MP66 (R-401B) 61 11 28

Suva® 409A contains three components, as shownin Table 1B.

Table 1BComposition of DuPont™ Suva® 409A, wt%

HCFC-22 HCFC-142b HCFC-124Suva® 409A (R-409A) 60 15 25

Table 2 shows the chemical names and formulaeof the refrigerants above.

UsesSuva® MP39, MP66, and 409A are mixturesdesigned to replace CFC-12 in existing refrigera-tion systems.Some applications for these refrigerants are:home refrigerators and freezers, reciprocatingchillers, retail food refrigeration, refrigeratedtransportation equipment, dehumidifiers, icemachines, beverage vending machines, and waterfountains.Suva® MP39 (R-401A) and Suva® 409A (R-409A)are alternatives for use in most CFC-12 systems.Comparable capacities and efficiencies to CFC-12are expected in systems operating in such applica-tions as walk-in coolers, food and dairy displaycases, beverage dispensers and vending machines,and domestic refrigerators.Suva® MP66 (R-401B) provides comparablecapacity to CFC-12 in retrofit CFC-12 systemsoperating at low evaporator temperatures, makingit suitable for use in transport refrigeration equip-ment and domestic and commercial freezers.Suva® MP66 can also be used to replace R-500in existing equipment.The thermodynamic and physical properties ofthese Suva® refrigerants make them very efficientand safe replacement refrigerants for CFC-12.

Table 2Refrigerant Information

Refrigerant Chemical Name Formula CAS No.* Molecular Wt.

HCFC-22 Chlorodifluoromethane CHClF2 75-45-6 86.47

HFC-152a 1,1-Difluoroethane CH3CHF2 75-37-6 66.00

HCFC-124 2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane CHClFCF3 2837-89-0 136.50

HCFC-142b 1-Chloro-1,1-Difluoroethane CH3CCIF2 75-68-3 100.47

*Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number (American Chemical Society)

1

The DuPont Oval Logo, DuPont™, The miracles of science™,and Suva® are trademarks or registered trademarks ofE.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

Table 3Theoretical Cycle Comparison* of CFC-12, DuPont™ Suva® MP39, Suva® MP66, and Suva® 409A

Suva® MP39 Suva® MP66 Suva® 409ACFC-12 (R-401A) (R-401B) (R-409A)

Refrigeration Capacity(Relative to CFC-12) 1.00 1.09 1.09 1.13

Coefficient of Performance 1.72 1.58 1.58 1.52Compression Ratio 10.19 13.03 12.67 13.97Compressor

Discharge Temperature, °C 130 149 152 154Discharge Temperature, °F 266 300 306 310Discharge Pressure, kPa (abs) 1344 1662 1744 1689Discharge Pressure, psia 195 241 253 245

*–23°C (–10°F) evaporator; 54°C (130°F) condenser; subcool to 43°C (110°F); suction temperature 10°C (50°F).

Table 3 summarizes the theoretical performancecharacteristics of Suva® MP39, Suva® MP66, andSuva® 409A at given evaporator conditions. Allexhibit a slightly higher refrigeration capacity andequivalent coefficient of performance to CFC-12.

Effect of Leakage on PerformanceAlthough any leak in a refrigeration system shouldbe repaired as soon as possible, it is advantageousthat a refrigerant maintain its performance charac-teristics throughout a series of leaks and recharges.Theoretical calculations were made to simulate arealistic scenario in which a refrigeration systemgoes through a series of five vapor leaks andsubsequent recharges with Suva® MP39. Vaporleaks were induced in a static system (compressornot running). Each leak was 20% by weight of theoriginal charge, and each recharge was made liquidphase. Table 4 shows the performance characteris-tics of the refrigeration system after each recharge.Although the composition of the system refrigerantchanges, its performance remains comparable tothat of CFC-12, leveling off just below the capacityof CFC-12.

In field tests with continuously operating equip-ment (such as found in a supermarket), vapor leakshave been found to cause little change in refriger-ant composition. The continuous operation keepsthe refrigerant well mixed, resulting in a leakage ofvapor with entrained liquid rather than exclusivelyvapor in the event of a leak in the two-phase regionof the refrigeration system.

Physical PropertiesGeneral physical properties of the Suva® refriger-ant blends are shown in Table 5.Additional physical property data may be foundin other DuPont publications. Bulletin ART-10contains viscosity, thermal conductivity, and heatcapacity data for saturated liquid and vapor, inaddition to heat capacity data and heat capacityratios for both saturated and superheated vapors.Thermodynamic tables in English and SI unitsare available for Suva® MP39 in BulletinsT-MP39-ENG and T-MP39-SI and for Suva®

MP66 in Bulletins T-MP66-ENG and T-MP66-SI.

Table 4Theoretical Effect of Leakage on DuPont™ Suva® MP39 Performance

Discharge DischargePressure, Temperature, Capacity,

Leak No. kPa (psia) °C (°F) COP W (Btu/min)Initial 990 (144) 95.3 (204) 3.29 2619 (149)1 967 (140) 94.9 (203) 3.28 2537 (144)2 944 (137) 93.9 (201) 3.30 2491 (142)3 928 (135) 93.5 (200) 3.30 2445 (139)4 916 (133) 93.5 (200) 3.30 2409 (137)5 905 (131) 92.9 (199) 3.30 2372 (135)CFC-12 908 (132) 85.8 (186) 3.25 2391 (136)

Assumptions: –6.7°C (20°F) evaporator/37.8°C (100°F) condenser/18.3°C (65°F) suction gas/5.6°C (10°F)of subcooling.

2

Table 5General Property Information

Suva® MP39 Suva® MP66 Suva® 409APhysical Property Unit (R-401A) (R-401B) (R-409A)

Composition (wt%) — 53/13/34 61/11/28 60/15/25(HCFC-22/HFC-152a/HCFC-124) (HCFCs 22,

142b, 124)

Molecular Weight g/mol (avg.) 94.4 92.8 97.45

Boiling Point °C –33.0 –34.7 –35(1 atm) °F –27.3 –30.4 –31

Critical Temperature °C 108 106 107°F 226 223 225

Critical Pressure kPa (abs) 4604 4682 4599psia 668 679 667

Critical Volume m3/kg 0.00196 0.00195 N/Aft3/lb 0.0314 0.0312

Critical Density kg/m3 510.6 512.7 N/Alb/ft3 31.9 32.0

Liquid Density kg/m3 1194 1193 1219at 25°C (77°F) lb/ft3 74.5 74.4 76

Density, Saturated kg/m3 29.0 30.7 29.6Vapor at 25°C (77°F) lb/ft3 1.81 1.92 1.85

Specific Heat kJ/kg·K 1.300 1.300 1.29Liquid at 25°C (77°F) Btu/lb·°F 0.310 0.310 0.293

Specific Heat kJ/kg·K 0.734 0.724 0.83Vapor, 25°C (77°F) Btu/lb·°F 0.176 0.173 0.199at 1 atm pressure 807

Vapor Pressure of Saturated kPa (abs) 772.9 819.2 807Liquid at 25°C (77°F) psia 112.1 118.8 117

Heat of Vaporization kJ/kg 227.3 229.4 220.6at Normal Boiling Point Btu/lb 97.8 98.7 94.9

Thermal Conductivity at 25°C (77°F)Liquid W/m·K 0.0900 0.0900 N/A

Btu/hr·ft·°F 0.0517 0.0517

Vapor (1 atm) W/m·K 0.0119 0.0119 0.0097Btu/hr·ft·°F 0.00688 0.00688 0.0056

Viscosity at 25°C (77°F)Liquid mPa·s (cP) 0.194 0.190 0.184Vapor (1 atm) µP 121 121 120

Solubility of Water wt% 0.10 0.10 N/Ain Refrigerant at 25°C (77°F)

Flammability Limit vol% none none nonein Air (1 atm)

Ozone Depletion CFC-12 = 1 0.03 0.035 0.05Potential))

Global Warming Potential CO2 = 1 973 1,062 1,288

TSCA Inventory Status* — yes yes yesReported/Included

AEL**Inhalation Exposure Limit ppm (v/v) 1,000 1,000 1,000

** U.S. Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA)** Acceptable exposure limit , established by DuPont.Note: kPa is absolute pressure.

3

Pressure–enthalpy relationships for Suva® MP39,Suva® MP66, and Suva® 409A refrigerants areshown in Figures 1 through 6.Note: Like R-500 and R-502, these Suva® refriger-ants exhibit temperature glide in both the evapora-tor and the condenser. Isotherms shown within thetwo-phase region slope due to this temperatureglide. For a more detailed explanation of tempera-ture glide, see Bulletin ART-7.

Chemical/Thermal StabilityThermal DecompositionSuva® refrigerant blends, as with all fluorocarbons,will decompose when exposed to high temperaturesfrom sources such as open flames or electricresistance heaters. Decomposition may producetoxic and irritating compounds such as hydrogenchloride and hydrogen fluoride. The pungent odorsreleased will irritate the nose and throat andgenerally force people to evacuate the area. There-fore, it is important to prevent decomposition byfollowing DuPont recommendations for handlingand use.

Stability with Metals and RefrigerationLubricantsThermal stability tests for refrigerants with metalsare typically performed in the presence of refrigera-tion oils. The results of sealed tube stability testsare available for CFC-12/mineral oil combinations,which have shown long-term stability in contactwith copper, steel, and aluminum in actual refrig-eration systems. Alkylbenzene (AB), polyol ester(POE), and mixtures of AB/mineral oil or mixturesof POE/mineral oil are all possible candidates foruse with Suva® refrigerant blends. Also, in somehermetic systems where oil return is not a problem,experience has shown that Suva® MP39 and 409Awill operate with mineral oil. A summary ofthermal stability tests performed with both AB andPOE lubricants with Suva® refrigerant blends isshown in Table 6. It should be noted that in allcases both AB and POE lubricants with theseSuva® refrigerants performed better thanmineral oil with CFC-12. Although not testedby DuPont, similar performance is expectedwith Suva® 409A.The sealed tube test method used for stabilitytesting was based on ASHRAE 97 methods. A3-mL volume of refrigerant/lubricant solutionwas heated in the presence of copper, steel, and

aluminum strips in an oven for 14 days at 175°C(347°F). Both the neat lubricant and a mixture oflubricant and refrigerant (50/50 volume ratio)were tested. Visual ratings were obtained on boththe liquid solutions and the metal coupons afterthe designated exposure time. The visual ratingsrange from 0 to 5, with 0 being best and 5 beingworst.After the visual ratings were obtained, sampletubes were opened, and the lubricant and refriger-ant (if present) were analyzed. The lubricantwas typically checked for halide content andviscosity, while the refrigerant was examined forthe presence of decomposition products. Table 6summarizes typical viscosity, miscibility, andstability data for both CFC-12 and Suva® refriger-ant blends. The lubricant miscibility range, shownin Table 6, indicates the temperature range inwhich the refrigerant and lubricant mix to forma single liquid phase. Stability data for a specificSuva® refrigerant/lubricant combination (i.e.,Suva® MP39 with Zerol* 150DL) should apply toboth Suva® MP39 and Suva® MP66, because theyrepresent different compositions of the same threecomponents (HCFC-22, HFC-152a, HCFC-124).Laboratory tests and field experience show similarbehavior for Suva® 409A. Ratings are listed inTable 6 for the neat lubricant, the lubricant/refrigerant solution, and the three metals that werepresent in the lubricant/refrigerant solutions.Viscosity was determined on the unused lubricantand the tested neat lubricant. Decompositionproducts (fluoride and chloride) were determined.Note: Lubricant/refrigerant combinations shownthroughout this report are for the purposes ofcomparing the effects of different lubricants on theSuva® refrigerants. No recommendation is madeor implied that these combinations will operatesuccessfully in refrigeration systems.

Materials CompatibilityIt is important to review materials of constructionfor compatibility when designing new equipment,retrofitting existing equipment, or preparingstorage and handling facilities. Because the Suva®

blends have been designed as refrigerants, thecompatibility data in Table 7 will include materi-als commonly used in refrigeration applications.

*Zerol is a trademark of Shrieve Chemical Co.

4

ElastomersNote: The data in Tables 7 and 8 reflect compat-ibility in sealed tube tests. Actual refrigerantcompatibility in real systems can be influenced bythe operating conditions, the nature of the polymersused, compounding formulations of the polymers,and the curing or vulcanization processes used tocreate the polymer. Polymers should always betested under actual operating conditions beforereaching final conclusions about their suitability.Sealed tube compatibility results for a represen-tative Suva® refrigerant blend (36% HCFC-22,24% HFC-152a, 40% HCFC-124) were developedwith eleven different polymers and Zerol 500alkylbenzene lubricant (with additives). Suva®

MP39 and Suva® MP66 compatibilities are similarto the blend shown in Table 7, because the formu-lations are based on the same components. Table 7is a summary of these tests. Table 8 shows aglossary of common elastomers.

Motor MaterialsCompatibility tests were performed on a representa-tive Suva® refrigerant blend with naphthenic andalkylbenzene lubricants in contact with a typicalpolyester insulation material used in hermeticmotors. In this test, the polyester insulation wasflexed and examined for cracks and splits toevaluate the level of embrittlement. The sampleswere rated according to a comparative scale, withzero as the best rating (indicating no change). Theresults shown in Figure 7 show that this blendand alkylbenzene lubricant combination is verycompatible, with no polyester embrittlement. Ingeneral, most modern (10–15 yr old) compressormotors used in CFC-12 compressors are compatiblewith HCFC-22. Based on this, the Suva® refrigerantblends should not have any gross effects on modernCFC-12 compressor motors.

DesiccantsIn refrigeration systems, keeping the refrigerantand lubricant free of moisture is very important.Dryers filled with moisture-absorbing desiccant aretypically used to prevent moisture accumulation.For R-12, the 4A-XH-5 or 4A-XH-6 desiccantproduced by UOP (a U.S. company—formerlyUnion Carbide Molecular Sieve) can be used forboth loose-filled and solid core dryers. For Suva®

blends, a new desiccant is needed for loose-filleddryers, because components of the blends may beincompatible with loose-fill 4A-XH-5. UOP’s XH-9 desiccant or equivalent (such as MS594 fromGrace) is compatible with the Suva® MP and 409Arefrigerant blends and is recommended for loose-filled dryers. For solid core dryers, some existing

dryer models may be compatible. Consult dryermanufacturer or equipment manufacturer todetermine a suitable dryer.

Refrigeration LubricantsMost compressors require a lubricant to protectinternal moving parts. The compressor manufac-turer usually recommends the type of lubricant(s)and proper viscosity that should be used to ensureacceptable operation and equipment durability.Recommendations are based on several criteria,which can include:• lubricity• lubricant/refrigerant solubility• compatibility with materials of construction• thermal stability and compatibility with other

lubricantsIt is important to follow the manufacturers’ recom-mendations for lubricants to be used with theirequipment.Lubricant return to the compressor is very impor-tant. One factor that affects this is the liquid-phaselubricant/refrigerant solubility, particularly atevaporator temperatures. Ideally the lubricant/refrigerant pair are completely soluble in each other(miscible, one phase forms), which allows thelubricant to flow with the liquid refrigerant andreturn to the compressor. Even if the lubricant/refrigerant pair are not miscible (two phases form)in the evaporator, they may still have some degreeof solubility. Solubility of refrigerant in lubricantlowers lubricant viscosity, which helps it flowthrough the evaporator and return to the compres-sor. This is why many refrigeration systems canoperate properly, even though the lubricant andrefrigerant are immiscible (yet partially soluble) inthe evaporator. Other factors, such as refrigerantvapor velocity, play a key role in lubricant return.Overall, it is important to note that lubricant/refrigerant miscibility is helpful, but not necessarilyessential, for proper system operation.Naphthenic and paraffinic lubricants (mineral oils)are miscible (fully soluble) with CFC-12 over therange of expected operating conditions, whichhelps lubricant return to the compressor and helpsmaintain efficient heat transfer. Suva® refrigerantblends are not fully miscible with mineral oils.However, experience has shown that Suva® MP39and 409A can be operated with mineral oils inmany hermetic systems where oil return is not aproblem. For systems that require miscibility to aidin oil return, alkylbenzene offers excellent miscibil-ity with Suva® MP and 409A refrigerants.

5

Figure 1. DuPont™ Suva® MP39 (R-401A) Pressure vs. Enthalpy (SI Units)

Pressure (bar)

Pressure (MPa)

6

DuPo

nt™

Suva

® MP3

9 (R-

401A

)P

ress

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Figure 2. DuPont™ Suva® MP39 (R-401A) Pressure vs. Enthalpy (English Units)

7

DuPo

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401A

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ress

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Ent

halp

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Figure 3. DuPont™ Suva® MP66 (R-401B) Pressure vs. Enthalpy (SI Units)

Pressure (bar)

Pressure (MPa)

8

DuPo

nt™

Suva

® MP6

6 (R-

401B

)P

ress

ure-

Ent

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Figure 4. DuPont™ Suva® MP66 (R-401B) Pressure vs. Enthalpy (English Units)

9

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Figure 5. DuPont™ Suva® 409A (R-409A) Pressure vs. Enthalpy (SI Units)(Reprinted with permission of Elf Atochem N.A., Inc.)

DuPo

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Figure 6. Suva® 409A (R-409A) Pressure vs. Enthalpy (English Units)(Reprinted with permission of Elf Atochem N.A., Inc.)

11

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Note: Suva® Refrigerant Composition: 22/152a/124(36/24/40 wt%)

Table 7Compatibility of DuPont™ Suva® MP39 and DuPont™ Suva® MP66 with Selected Elastomers

Refrigerant/Lubricant(50/50%) Refrigerant Only Lubricant Only

Linear Linear LinearSwell, ∆ Shore A Swell, ∆ Shore A Swell, ∆ Shore A

Rating % Hardness Ratinga % Hardness Rating % HardnessNatural Rubber 2 +48 –28 0 (2) +5 –8 2 +56 –34b

Butyl Rubber 2 +20 –30 0 (0) +1 –2 2 +30 –40Nordel® EPDM 2 +19 –19 0 (0) <–1 –6 2 +31 –19Neoprene W 0 +7 –3 1 (0) <+1 –14 0 +7 –9SBR 2 +22 –55b 1 (1) +2 –15 2 +26 –46b

NBR Nitrile 1 +9 –15 2 (0) +16 –6c 0 <–1 0Hypalon® 48 0 +3 –6 0 (0) <+1 –1 0 +3 –1Viton® 2 +12 –11 2 (1) +17 –33 0 –1 1Silicone 2 +48 –27 2 (2) +31 –14 2 +27 –29Adiprene® Urethane 1 +11 –5 2 (2) +29 –24 0 <+1 1Polysulfide Rubber 2 +12 –21 0 (0) +2 –7 2 +13 –12a Ratings in ( ) are those of CFC-12; for comparisons.b Gross loss of tensile strength (elastomer broke when stretched).c Rating reflects Ð Shore A hardness of –21 (at 25°C [77°F]) and –11 (at 140°C [284°F]).

Notes:Refrigerant Composition: 22/152a/124 (36/24/40%)Lubricant: Zerol 500 (an alkyl benzene lubricant)Ratings based on sealed tube tests at 80°C (176°F) for 4 weeks.

Linear Swell, % ∆ Shore A HardnessRatings: 0= Compatible -10 and -10

1= Borderline >10 or >102= Incompatible >10 and >10

13

3.0

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0.5

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Lubricant

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Lubricant

Suva® MP RefrigerantCFC-12

Table 8Glossary of Elastomers

SupplierCommon Name Chemical Description Company Trade Name

Natural Rubber Polyisoprene

Butyl Rubber Isobutylene/isoprene copolymer

EPDM Ethylene/propylene/side-chain DuPont Dow Elastomersdiene monomer terpolymer Nordel®

Neoprene; Chloroprene Polychloroprene DuPont Dow Elastomers

Buna-S (Styrene) Rubber Styrene (25%)/butadiene copolymer

Buna-N (Nitrile) Rubber Acrylonitrile/butadiene copolymer PolysarKrynac®

HNBR Hydrogenated Nitrile-butadiene rubber PolysarTornac®

Hypalon® Chlorosulfonated polyethylene DuPont Dow ElastomersHypalon®

Viton® Vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene DuPont Dow Elastomerscopolymer Viton®

Silicone Poly(dimethyl siloxane) Dow CorningSilastic®

EpichlorohydrinHomopolymer Polyepichlorohydrin B. F. Goodrich

Hydrin®

Epichlorohydrin Epichlorohydrin/ethylene oxideCopolymer copolymer B. F. Goodrich

Hydrin®

Urethane Reaction product of diisocyanatesand polyalkylene ether glycols DuPont Company

Adiprene®

Polysulfide Rubber Organic polysulfide ThiokolFA®

Hose PermeationTests have been run comparing hose permeationrates of CFC-12, HFC-134a, and a Suva® refriger-ant blend through both nylon-lined and nitrile (allrubber) hoses, as shown in Table 9. Permeationrates of a Suva® MP blend are much higher thanthose of CFC-12 or HFC-134a. More importantly,the permeation rates of the Suva® blend throughnylon-lined hose are reduced by a factor of 8. Forthis reason, nylon-lined hose is recommended foruse with Suva® blends.

Table 9Permeation Rates of CFC-12, HFC-134a, andDuPont™ Suva® Blend Through Nylon-Lined

and Nitrile Hoses (at 80°C [176°F])*Permeation Rates, g/cm2·y (lb/ft2·y)

Nylon-Lined NitrileCFC-12 0.7 (1.5) 3.7 (7.5)HFC-134a 0.8 (1.6) 6.8 (14.0)Suva® MP Blend 4.3 (8.7) 24.4 (50.0)

*Data supplied by Goodyear

Note: These tests are for comparison purposesonly. Actual permeation will be less. Suva® refrig-erant blend is HCFC-22/HFC-152a/HCFC-124(33/15/52).

14

SafetyUsers must have and understand the applicableMaterial Data Safety Sheets (MSDSs).

Inhalation ToxicityThe Suva® refrigerant blends pose no acute orchronic hazard when they are handled in accor-dance with DuPont recommendations and whenexposures are maintained at or below recommendedexposure limits, such as the DuPont AcceptableExposure Limit (AEL) of 1,000 ppm for Suva®

MP39, MP66, and 409A.An AEL is an acceptable exposure limit establishedby DuPont. AELs specify a time-weighted average(TWA) airborne concentration for which nearlyall workers may be repeatedly exposed withoutadverse effects during an 8- or 12-hour day or40-hour work week. In practice, short-term expo-sures should not exceed three times the establishedexposure limit (AEL, PEL, TLV, or other index)published by the manufacturer, or 1,250 ppm,whichever is lower. Repeated exposure to refriger-ant vapors at levels above manufacturers' recom-mended limits can cause adverse health effects, andmust be avoided.Inhaling high concentrations of Suva® refrigerantvapor may cause temporary central nervous systemdepression with narcosis, lethargy, and anestheticeffects. Other effects that may occur includedizziness, a feeling of intoxication, and a loss ofcoordination. Continued breathing of high concen-trations of Suva® refrigerant vapors may producecardiac irregularities (cardiac sensitization),unconsciousness, and with gross overexposure,death. If you experience any of the initial symp-toms, move to fresh air and seek medical attention.

Cardiac SensitizationAn effect that occurs with most hydrocarbons andhalocarbons at high concentrations is that thehuman heart can become sensitized to adrenalin,leading to cardiac irregularities and even cardiacarrest. The likelihood of these cardiac problemsincreases if you are under physical or emotionalstress. Suva® refrigerants can cause these responseswell above the AEL, but the effect level varies withpeople and has not been fully determined.If you are exposed to very high concentrations ofSuva® refrigerants, move immediately from thearea and seek medical attention as a precaution. DONOT attempt to remain in the area to fix a leak orperform other duties—the effects of overexposurecan be very sudden.Medical attention must be given immediately ifsomeone is having symptoms of overexposure to

any refrigerant. DO NOT treat the patient withdrugs such as epinephrine, because these drugscould increase the risk of cardiac problems. If theperson is having trouble breathing, administeroxygen. If breathing has stopped, give artificialrespiration immediately.

Spills or LeaksIf a large release of vapor occurs, such as from alarge spill or leak, the vapors may concentrate nearthe floor or low spots and displace the oxygenavailable for breathing, causing suffocation. Whena large spill or leak occurs, always wear appropriaterespiratory and other personal protective equip-ment. Evacuate everyone until the area has beenventilated. Use blowers or fans to circulate the airat floor level. Do not reenter the affected area,unless you are equipped with a self-containedbreathing apparatus.Always use a supplied air mask when entering tanksor other areas where vapor concentration mightexist. Use the buddy system and a lifeline. Refer tothe Suva® refrigerant MSDS for more information.Some Suva® refrigerants have a slightly sweet odorthat can be difficult to detect. Therefore, frequentleak checks and the installation of permanent leakdetectors may be necessary for enclosed areas usedby personnel.To ensure safety when working with Suva® refrig-erants, first, route relief and purge vent pipingoutdoors, away from air intakes. Second, makecertain the area is well ventilated, using auxiliaryventilation if necessary to move refrigerant vapors.Third, make sure the area is clear of vapors prior tobeginning work. And, finally, install air monitoringequipment to detect leaks.

Skin and Eye ContactAlways wear protective clothing when there isa risk of exposure to liquid refrigerants. Wheresplashing is possible, always wear eye protectionand a face shield. If your eyes are splashed, flushthem with plenty of water (see the MSDS). Inliquid form, Suva® refrigerants can freeze skinon contact, causing frostbite.Following contact, soak the exposed area in luke-warm water, not cold or hot.If treatment cannot begin immediately, apply a lightcoat of a nonmedicated ointment, such as petroleumjelly. If the exposed area is in a location where thepresence of the ointment would be awkward, suchas on the eye, apply a light bandage.In all cases of frostbite, seek medical attention assoon as possible.

15

Nonflammability of Suva® RefrigerantsNonflammability is an essential requirement forrefrigeration and air conditioning applications. TheSuva® refrigerant blends are formulated so thatthey are nonflammable and will not reach a flam-mable composition during leakage from equipment.In addition, these Suva® refrigerants have beenextensively tested for flammability by UnderwritersLaboratories, Inc. (USA), and have been added totheir list of recognized refrigerants with a “practicallynonflammable” rating (same as HCFC-22).

Combustibility of Suva® MP39, MP66and 409ASuva® MP39, MP66 and 409A are not flammablein air at temperatures up to 100°C (212°F) atatmospheric pressure. However, mixtures of MP39,MP66 or 409A with high concentrations of air atelevated pressure and/or temperature can becomecombustible in the presence of an ignition source.MP39, MP66 or 409A can also become combus-tible in an oxygen enriched environment (oxygenconcentrations greater than that in air). Whether amixture containing MP39, MP66 or 409A and air,or MP39, MP66 or 409A in an oxygen enrichedatmosphere becomes combustible depends on theinter-relationship of 1) the temperature 2) thepressure, and 3) the proportion of oxygen in themixture. In general, MP39, MP66 or 409A shouldnot be allowed to exist with air above atmosphericpressure or at high temperatures; or in an oxygenenriched environment. For example: MP39,MP66 or 409A should NOT be mixed withair under pressure for leak testing or otherpurposes.Refrigerants should not be exposed to open flamesor electrical heating elements. High temperaturesand flames can cause the refrigerants to decom-pose, releasing toxic and irritating fumes. Inaddition, a torch flame can become dramaticallylarger or change color if used in high concentra-tions of many refrigerants including R-500 or R-22,as well as many alternative refrigerants. This flameenhancement can cause surprise or even injury.Always recover refrigerants, evacuate equipment,and ventilate work areas properly before using anyopen flames.Based on the above information, the followingoperating practices are recommended.• Do Not Mix With Air For Leak Testing

– Equipment should never be leak tested with apressurized mixture of MP39, MP66 or 409Aand air. Pressurized mixtures of dry nitrogenand MP39, MP66 or 409A can be used for leaktesting.

• Filling and Charging Operations– Before evacuating cylinders or refrigeration

equipment, any remaining refrigerant shouldbe removed by a recovery system.

– Vacuum pump discharge lines should be freeof restrictions that could increase dischargepressures and result in the formation of com-bustible mixtures.

– Cylinders or refrigeration equipment shouldbe evacuated at the start of filling, and shouldnever be filled while under positive air pressure.

– Filled cylinders should periodically be ana-lyzed for air (nonabsorbable gas or NAG).

• Refrigerant Recovery SystemsEfficient recovery of refrigerant from equipmentor containers requires evacuation at the end ofthe recovery cycle. Suction lines to a recoverycompressor should be periodically checked forleaks to prevent compressing air into the recov-ery cylinder during evacuation. In addition, therecovery cylinder pressure should be monitored,and evacuation stopped in the event of a rapidpressure rise indicating the presence of air. Therecovery cylinder contents should then beanalyzed for NAG, and the recovery system leakchecked if air is present. Do not continue toevacuate a refrigeration system that has a majorleak.

• Combustibility With ChlorineExperimental data have also been reported whichindicate combustibility of HCFC-22(a component of these blends) in the presence ofchlorine.

Monitors and Leak DetectionService personnel have used leak detection equip-ment for years when servicing equipment. Leakdetectors exist not only for pinpointing specificleaks, but also for monitoring an entire room on acontinual basis. There are several reasons for leakpinpointing or area monitoring, including: conser-vation of refrigerants, protection of valuableequipment, reduction of fugitive emissions, andprotection of employees. American Society ofHeating, Refrigeration, and Air ConditioningEngineers (ASHRAE) Standard 15 requires airmonitors in refrigeration machinery rooms asdefined in the Standard. In conformance with theStandard, an air monitor capable of measuring0–1500 ppm of the refrigerant may be requiredfor indoor installations. The user should checkASHRAE Standard 15 to determine what isrequired for the particular application.

16

Leak detectors can be placed into two broadcategories: leak pinpointers and area monitors.Before purchasing a monitor or pinpointer, severalinstrumental criteria should be considered, includ-ing: sensitivity, detection limits, and selectivity.

Types of DetectorsUsing selectivity as a criteria, leak detectors can beplaced into one of three categories: nonselective,halogen-selective, or compound-specific. In gen-eral, as the specificity of the monitor increases, sodoes the complexity and cost. Another method usedto find leaks is to add fluorescent additives to thesystem.A detailed discussion of leak detection, along witha list of manufacturers of leak detection equipment,is given in Bulletin ARTD-27.

Nonselective DetectorsNonselective detectors are those that will detect anytype of emission or vapor present, regardless of itschemical composition. These detectors are typicallyquite simple to use, very durable, inexpensive, andalmost always portable. However, their inability tobe calibrated, long-term drift, lack of selectivity,and lack of sensitivity limit their use for areamonitoring. Some detectors currently available onthe market are not sensitive enough for use withSuva® blend compositions.

Halogen-Selective DetectorsHalogen-selective detectors use a specializedsensor that allows the monitor to detect compoundscontaining fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodinewithout interference from other species. The majoradvantage of such a detector is a reduction in thenumber of “nuisance alarms”—false alarms causedby the presence of some compound in the areaother than the target compound.These detectors are typically easy to use, featurehigher sensitivity than the nonselective detectors(detection limits are typically <5 ppm when used asan area monitor and <0.05 oz/yr when used as aleak pinpointer), and are very durable. In addition,due to the partial specificity of the detector, theseinstruments can be calibrated easily. Contact themanufacturers of leak detectors for their currentmodels.

Compound-Specific DetectorsThe most complex detectors, which are also themost expensive, are compound-specific detectors.These units are typically capable of detecting thepresence of a single species, without interferencefrom other compounds.

Fluoroescent DyesFluorescent dyes have been used in refrigerationsystems for several years. These dyes, invisibleunder ordinary lighting but visible under ultraviolet(UV) light, are used to pinpoint leaks in systems.The dyes are typically placed into the refrigerationlubricant when the system is serviced. Leaks aredetected by using a UV light to search for dye thathas escaped from the system.Recent innovations in dye technology have allowedfluorescent dyes to be used with some fluorocarbonrefrigerants. However, before adding dyes to asystem, the compatibility of the specific dye withthe lubricant and refrigerant should be tested.

Storage and HandlingShipping Containers in U.S.Suva® refrigerant blends are liquefied compressedgases. According to the U.S. Department ofTransportation (DOT), a nonflammable com-pressed gas is defined as a nonflammable materialhaving an absolute pressure greater than 40 psi at21°C (70°F) and/or an absolute pressure greaterthan 104 psi at 54°C (130°F).The appropriate DOT designations are as follows:

Proper shipping name: Liquefied Gas, N.O.S.(contains chlorodifluoromethane and chlorotetra-fluoroethane)Hazard class: 2.2UN no.: 3163

Three different types of containers can be used toship Suva® refrigerants; their water capacity,dimensions, and DOT specifications are providedin Table 10. All pressure relief devices used onthe containers must be in compliance with thecorresponding Compressed Gas Association (CGA)Standards for compressed gas cylinders, cargo, andportable tanks.

Table 10Specifications of Shipping Containers for

DuPont™ Suva® RefrigerantsDOT

Water Capacity Dimensions Specification

30 lb Dispos-A-Can® 10 x 10 x 17 in 39(box)

125 lb 55 in H x 10 in OD 4BA300

1700 lb ton 82 in L x 30 in OD 110A500W

17

The 30-lb cylinder, known as a Dispos-A-Can®

(DAC), fits into a box that measures 10 x 10 x 17in. Review information on box to determine theproper orientation of the cylinder to remove liquidor vapor. Dispos-A-Can® is DuPont’s registeredtrademark for this type of single-use container.The 125-lb cylinders are equipped with a nonrefill-able liquid vapor CGA-660 valve. With this two-way valve, Suva® refrigerant blends can be re-moved from the cylinder as either a vapor or as aliquid, without inverting the cylinder. The vaporhandwheel is located on the top. The liquid wheelis on the side of the valve and attached to a dip tubeextending to the bottom of the cylinder. Each isclearly identified as vapor or liquid.The 30- and 125-lb cylinders designed for Suva®

blends use have the colors and weight/containeras provided in Table 11.The general construction of a one-ton returnablecontainer is shown in Figure 8. Notice that one endof the container is fitted with two valves. When thecontainer is turned so that the valves are lined upvertically, the top valve will discharge vapor andthe bottom valve will discharge liquid. The valvesare protected by a dome cover.Ton containers are equipped with two fusible plugsin each end. The fusible metal in the plugs isdesigned to start melting at 69°C (157°F) andcompletely melt at 74°C (165°F). Containersshould never be heated to temperatures higherthan 52°C (125°F). One spring-loaded pressurerelief valve is also located in each end of the toncontainer.

Handling Precautions for Suva®

Refrigerants Shipping ContainersThe following rules for handling Suva® refrigerantscontainers are strongly recommended:• Use personal protective equipment, such as side

shield glasses, gloves, and safety shoes whenhandling containers.

• Avoid skin contact with refrigerant liquid orvapor, because it may cause frostbite.

• Never heat a container to a temperature higherthan 52°C (125°F).

• Never apply direct flame or live steam to acontainer or valve.

• Never refill disposable cylinders with anything.The shipment of refilled disposable cylinders isprohibited by DOT regulations.

• Never refill returnable cylinders without DuPontconsent. DOT regulations forbid transportationof returnable cylinders refilled without DuPont’sauthorization.

• Never use a lifting magnet or sling (rope orchain) when handling containers. A crane maybe used when a safe cradle or platform is used tohold the container.

• Never use containers for rollers, supports, or anypurpose other than to carry refrigerant.

• Protect containers from any object that will resultin a cut or other abrasion in the surface of themetal.

• Never tamper with the safety devices in thevalves or containers.

• Never attempt to repair or alter containers orvalves.

• Never force connections that do not fit. Makesure the threads on the regulators or other auxil-iary equipment are the same as those on thecontainer valve outlet.

• Keep valves tightly closed and valve caps andhoods in place when the containers are not in use.

• Store containers under a roof to protect themfrom weather extremes.

• Use a vapor recovery system to collect refrigerantvapors from lines after unloading a container.

Table 11Color Codes and Fill Weights for DuPont™ Suva® Refrigerant Blends

Net Weight (lb) Refrigerant30-lb 125-lb Ton

Refrigerant Color PMS No. Water Capacity Water Capacity CylinderSuva® MP39 (R-401A) Coral Red 177 30 125 1700

Suva® MP66 (R-401B) Yellow Brown (Mustard) 124 30 125 1700Suva® 409A (R-409A) Tan 465 30 125 1700

18

Figure 8. One-Ton Returnable Container

Responsible UseResponsible use of Suva® refrigerants requires thatthe product be recovered for reuse or disposalwhenever possible. DuPont purchases used refriger-ants for reclamation through its distributor net-works in the United States, Canada, and Europe.In the United States, used Suva® refrigerants areaccepted as part of this program. Recovery andreuse of Suva® refrigerants makes sense from anenvironmental and economic standpoint. In addi-tion, the U.S. Clean Air Act prohibits knownventing of CFC, HCFC, and HFC refrigerantsduring the maintenance, servicing, or disposalof refrigeration equipment.

RecoveryRecovery refers to the removal of Suva® refriger-ants from equipment and collection in an approvedrecovery cylinder. As defined by the Air Condition-ing and Refrigeration Institute (ARI), a U.S.organization, recovery does not involve processingor analytical testing. Suva® refrigerants maybe recovered from refrigeration equipment usingpermanent on-site equipment or one of the portablerecovery devices now on the market. The portabledevices contain a small compressor and an aircooled condenser and may be used for vapor orliquid recovery. At the end of the recovery cycle,the system is evacuated to remove vapors. In theUnited States, the Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) sets standards for recovery equip-ment. Before purchasing a specific recovery unit,check with the manufacturer to be sure that itcontains elastomeric seals and a compressor oilcompatible with the refrigerants you are recovering.

ReclamationReclamation refers to the reprocessing of usedSuva® refrigerants to new product specifications.Quality of reclaimed product is verified by chemi-cal analysis. Contact DuPont or one of its autho-rized distributors for further information.

Reclamation offers advantages over on-site refrig-erant recycling procedures, because these systemscannot guarantee complete removal of contami-nants. Putting refrigerants that do not meet newproduct specifications back into expensive equip-ment may cause damage.

RecycleRefrigerant recycle refers to the reduction of usedrefrigerant contaminants using devices that reduceoil, water, acidity, and particulates. Recycle isusually a field or shop procedure with no analyticaltesting of refrigerant. Suva® refrigerants may berecycled using many of the devices now available,providing that the entire charge is removed fromthe refrigeration equipment and recycled. If youroutinely recycle Suva® refrigerants through severalcycles, we recommend that you have the composi-tion of the refrigerant checked periodically. Thiswill prevent loss of performance, in the unlikelyevent that the composition has shifted.In the United States, the EPA sets standards forrecycle equipment. Consult with the manufac-turer before specifying a recycle device for anyrefrigerant.

DisposalDisposal refers to the destruction of used Suva®

refrigerants. Disposal may be necessary whenSuva® refrigerants have become badly contami-nated with other products and no longer meet theaccept-ance specifications of DuPont or otherreclaimers. Although DuPont does not presentlyaccept severely contaminated refrigerants fordisposal, licensed waste disposal firms are avail-able. Be sure to check the qualifications of any firmbefore sending them used Suva® refrigerants.

19

(7/04) 233254F Printed in U.S.A.[Replaces: H-45944-5]Reorder No.: H-45944-6

JapanMitsui DuPont Fluorochemicals

Co., Ltd.Chiyoda Honsha Bldg.5-18, 1-Chome SarugakuchoChiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 101-0064 Japan81-3-5281-5805

AsiaDuPont TaiwanP.O. Box 81-777Taipei, Taiwan886-2-514-4400

DuPont China LimitedP.O. Box TST 988511122 New World Office Bldg.(East Wing)Tsim Sha TsuiKowloon, Hong KongPhone: 852-734-5398Fax: 852-236-83516

DuPont Thailand Ltd.9-11 Floor, Yada Bldg.56 Silom RoadSuriyawongse, BankrakBangkok 10500Phone: 66-2-238-0026Fax: 66-2-238-4396

DuPont China Ltd.Rm. 1704, Union Bldg.100 Yenan Rd. EastShanghai, PR China 200 002Phone: 86-21-328-3738Telex: 33448 DCLSH CNFax: 86-21-320-2304

EuropeDuPont de NemoursInternational S.A.2 Chemin du PavillonP.O. Box 50CH-1218 Le Grand-SaconnexGeneva, Switzerland41-22-717-5111

CanadaDuPont Canada, Inc.P.O. Box 2200, StreetsvilleMississauga, Ontario

CanadaL5M 2H3(905) 821-3300

MexicoDuPont, S.A. de C.V.Homero 206Col. Chapultepec MoralesC.P. 11570 Mexico, D.F.52-5-722-1100

South AmericaDuPont do Brasil S.A.Alameda Itapecuru, 506Alphaville 06454-080 BarueriSão Paulo, Brazil55-11-7266-8263

DuPont Argentina S.A.Casilla Correo 1888Correo Central1000 Buenos Aires, Argentina54-1-311-8167

PacificDuPont AustraliaP.O. Box 930North Sydney, NSW 2060Australia61-2-99236111

DuPont Far East Inc.6th Floor Bangunan SamudraNo. 1 JLN. Kontraktor U1/14, SEK U1Hicom-Glenmarie Industrial Park40150 Shah Alam, Selangor MalaysiaPhone 60-3-517-2534

DuPont Korea Inc.4/5th Floor, Asia Tower#726, Yeoksam-dong, Kangnam-kuSeoul, 135-082, Korea82-2-721-5114

DuPont Singapore Pte. Ltd.1 Maritime Square #07 01World Trade CentreSingapore 040965-273-2244

DuPont Far East, Philippines8th Floor, Solid Bank Bldg.777 Paseo de RoxasMakati, Metro ManilaPhilippinesPhone: 63-2-818-9911Fax: 63-2-818-9659

DuPont Far East Inc.7A Murray’s Gate RoadAlwarpetMadras, 600 018, India91-44-454-029

DuPont Far East Inc.—Pakistan9 Khayaban-E-ShaheenDefence Phase 5Karachi, Pakistan 92-21-533-350

DuPont Far East Inc.P.O. Box 2553/JktJakarta 10001, Indonesia62-21-517-800

The information contained herein is based on technical data and tests which we believe to be reliable and is intended for use by persons having technicalskill, at their own discretion and risk. Because conditions of use are outside of DuPont control, we can assume no liability for results obtained or damagesincurred through the application of the data presented.

For Further Information:DuPont FluorochemicalsWilmington, DE 19880-0711(800) 235-SUVAwww.suva.dupont.com

© 2004. E. I. du PONT de NEMOURS AND COMPANY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

NO PART OF THIS MATERIAL MAY BE REPRODUCED, STORED IN A RETRIEVAL SYSTEM OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BYANY MEANS ELECTRONIC, MECHANICAL, PHOTOCOPYING, RECORDING, OR OTHERWISE WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMIS-SION OF DUPONT.