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The History of
Hydrogen Fuel
Cells
• The idea of a fuel cell was first coined by Humphry Davy leading to a wave of research in the area
• The Hydrogen fuel cells were first used in commercial industry by NASA on the Gemini Project
Generating Hydrogen
• Magnesium hydride reacts
with water and has two
products, one being hydrogen.
• NaBH4+ 2H
2O = 4H
2
+NaBO2
Process 1:
Hydrolysis
Process 2:
Thermolysis• The heating of the water to
2500 ºC until the water
molecule decomposes into it’s
basic components H2 and O2
• MgH2+ HEAT = Mg + H
2
Generation of Electricity
H H
eH H
O
• A hydrogen fuel cell combines
hydrogen and oxygen to
produce electricity, heat, and
water.
• Fuel cells can be compared to
a rechargeable battery - as
long as the hydrogen is
supplied, it can always run.
Experiment Purpose
• Reduced dependence on fossil
fuels
• Life cycle comparable to that
of other conventional vehicles
• If pure hydrogen is used only
output is water
• Significantly less amount of air
pollutants are produced from a
fuel cell
Why use hydrogen fuel
cells?
6
Experiment Format
We explored the many aspects of hydrogen…
1Manufacture Hydrogen 2Stored the
Hydrogen 3Utilized the Energy
Analysis of Experiment
Electrolysis – Decomposition of Water
Hydrolysis and
Thermolysis
MgH2 + HEAT = Mg +
H2
NaBH4 + 2H2O = 4H2
+NaBO2
Green: Fuel Source Battery
Red: Fuel Source Solar
Production of
Hydrogen
8
Consumption
How much is
Hydrogen energy
in comparison?
1 liter of liquid
Hydrogen has
as much energy
as:
1 gallon of
liquid Hydrogen
has as much
energy as:
Gasoline (liters) 0.279 1.06
Gasoline
(gallons)0.0737 0.279
Diesel (liters) 0.221 0.837
Diesel (gallons) 0.0584 0.221
Methanol (liters) 0.536 2.03
Methanol
(gallons)0.142 0.535
Propane (ft3) 3.55 13.4
Jet Fuel (liters) 0.227 0.86
Jet fuel (liters) 0.600 0.227
9
Applications
Hydrogen fuel cells promote a promising future
GM is creating a hydrogen
powered car
Honda is powering
homes with hydrogen
cells
NASA’s Apollo is using
hydrogen cells to fuel
rockets
Policy
• Above Average Production:
• Denmark, Norway, Japan
• Average Production:
• USA has little incentives
to produce hydrogen fuel
• Below Average Production:
• Indiana has practically
zero incentives for
production
11
Citations
Special Thanks to:
Abel Chuang and Nate– Zukrow Lab – Duke Energy
Speaker
Timothee Pourpoint and Essene Waters – Zukrow Lab
– Duke Energy Speaker
• http://www.fuelcelltoday.com/history
• http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=hydrogen+fuel+cells+y
outbe&qpvt=hydrogen+fuel+cells+youtbe&FORM=VDRE#vie
w=detail&mid=4AA5A6ECC6ED3DE02B5F4AA5A6ECC6ED
3DE02B5F
• http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=hydrogen+fuel+diagra
m&qs=n&form=QBIR&pq=hydrogen+fuel+diagram&sc=0-
0&sp=-
1&sk=#view=detail&id=F89546C09B409BDA1FF4D147067F
4B1F58C9CA4B&selectedIndex=1
• http://adamgoldfein.com/gm-pushes-the-pedal-on-hydrogen-
fuel-cell-power
• http://lunar.thegamez.net/greenenergyimage/examples-of-
alternative-energy-sources/role-of-renewables-in-us-energy-
large-1230x720.jpg