IEA Bioenergy Task33 Thermal Gasification of Biomass 1

Dual fluidized bed gasification for CHP

and production of advanced biofuels

Dr. Reinhard Rauch

Vienna, University of Technology

Bioenergy 2020+

Biomass

Gasification

Producer Gas (gas engine, gas turbine,

fuel cell)

Synthetic Natural

Gas (SNG)

FT-Fuels (FT-Diesel)

Methanol / DME

Hydrogen

Mixed alkohols

Biomass

Synthesis gas

H2 + CO

Oxosynthesis

for aldehydes

Isosynthesis for

Isobutane

Ammonia

others

Gasification Concept of Dual Fluid (FICFB)

3

Steam Air

Biomass

Gasification Combustion

Producer Gas Flue gas

Circulation

Heat

Commercial FICFB gasifiers

Location Usage /

Product

Fuel / Product

MW, MW Start up Supplier Status

Güssing, AT Gas engine 8.0fuel / 2.0el 2002 AE&E,

Repotec Operational

Oberwart,

AT

Gas engine /

ORC 8.5fuel / 2.8el 2008

Ortner

Anlagenbau Operational

Villach, AT Gas engine 15fuel / 3.7el 2010 Ortner

Anlagenbau On hold

Senden/Ulm

DE

Gas engine /

ORC 14.7fuel / 5el 2011 Repotec Operational

Burgeis, IT Gas engine 2fuel / 0.5el 2012 Repotec Commissioning

Göteborg,

Sweden BioSNG 32fuel/20 BioSNG 2013

Metso/

Repotec Commissioning

Biomasses tested in the pilot scale FICFB

gasifier

• Wood chips

• Wood pellets

• Saw dust (particle

size)

• Coal (fixed carbon)

All fuels can be used, if the ash melting point is above 1000°C

as pure fuel and fixed carbon below 25%.

Fuels with lower ash melting point or higher fixed carbon have

to be used as mixture (e.g. 15% straw works well)

• Sewage sludge pellets (ash

content)

• Animal residue (impurities)

• Straw (ash melting)

• Willow (energy crop)

5

gasifier engine

ORC

dryer

Single Cycle hel = 25 %; hges = 80 %;

BWL = 9,6 MW

f = 15 %

el = 2,4 MW

w = 5,3 MW

IGCC hel = 31 %; hges = 75 %;

hel = 34 %; hges = 70 %; Integrated dryer

BWL = 8,8 MW

f = 40 %

el = 3,0 MW

el = 0,6 MW

w = 4,2 MW

w = 3,2 MW

hel = 25 %; hges = 80 %;

hel = 31 %; hges = 75 %;

hel = 34 %; hges = 70 %;

Case Study on CHP

BioH2 Biomass to Hydrogen

Economic evaluation of production of hydrogen for a refinery

Coordination by OMV

50 MW fuel plant to replace fossil hydrogen

Evaluation of the biomass resources available for such a

plant

Basic - engineering of the gasifier as well as of all other sub

units, including pipelines, utility systems, logistic needs

Optimal use of by-products

Economic evaluation

BioH2-4Refineries

Gas composition at CHP Güssing

H2

34%

CO

22%CO2

0%

CH4

28%

C2H4

11%

N2

0%

C2H6

2%

C3H6

3%

CO2

22%

CO

22%

H2

39%

CH4

10%

C2H4

3%

N2

2%

C2H6

1%

C3H6

1%

On volume basis On energy basis

Options for gas conversions

• CO-shift

• Conversion of hydrocarbons

– Reforming to H2 and CO and recycle

– Conversion to SNG

– Conversion to electricity and heat

• Mass and Energy balances for all 3 cases were

calculated

• Economics show, that reforming gives the highest

overall value (at the frame conditions in Austria)

10

11

Simplified flow chart

Status BioH2

• Applied for NER300

• Technical diligence was good

• Economics due to high biomass price (110

€/tdry) were the main reason to be on the 3rd

place

• Project is on hold, but pilot plant is realised as

slip stream in Güssing

• Future applications are evaluated together

with gas industry

12

Folie 13

BioFiTBIOMASSBIOMASS--TOTO--FISCHERFISCHER--TROPSCHTROPSCH

Synthetic biofuels (FT- Route)

Gasification FT-

Synthesis Cleaning/

Conditioning

FT- wax

HPFT-

Fuels

Pure Syngas Raw Syngas

Hydro-

(Co)-Processing

Wood chips

steam Hydrogen

(pure/ recycled)

Cellulose, Polyose (Hemicellulose )

Lignin i/n- paraffins

(hydrocarbons)

FT- fuels

Fossil products (e.g. LGO, HGO, VGO)

Purge Gas

Wax

FT lab scale plant

15

5-10kg/day of FT raw product

Slurry reactor, because of excellent heat transfer and easy scaling up

Gas treatment removes Sulphur to below 10ppb

Fully automatic

Comparison of produced FT Fuels FT- Diesel HPFT- Diesel CEC- Prüf.

ACN: >72 td = 2,5 s 68,5 td = 2,91 s >51,8 /

CFPP/CP/FP: -12/ -9/ - °C -62/ -60 / -98°C -18/ -5 °C

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Carbon- number

fra

cti

on

[%

wt]

i- paraff/res. (FT)

n- paraff. (FT)

i- paraff/res. (HPFT)

n- paraff. (HPFT)

i- paraff. /res. CEC- Prüf DK

n- paraff. CEC- Prüf- DK

Results on engine tests with blends

40

60

80

100

120

consumption CO2 HC CO NOx FSN PA

rela

tiv

to fo

ssil

Die

sel [

%]

FT (20%; 180-320°C) FT (20%; 150-380°C) FT (50%; 150-380°C) HPFT (20%; 180-320°C)

SGC Energia finished successfully their 1bpd demo

Cases for FT

gasifier

engine

FT

dryer

fuel = 100 MW f = 15 %

power= 0 MW

fuel= 91 MW

f = 40 %

Steam = 0 MW

FT product = 5 t/h

reforming

District heat ~ 40 MW

FT product < 4 t/h

power= 8 MW

Steam 50-100 t/h

District heat = 0 MW

Cases for FT

gasifier

engine

FT

dryer

fuel = 100 MW f = 15 %

power= 0 MW

fuel= 91 MW

f = 40 %

Steam = 0 MW

FT product = 5 t/h

reforming

District heat ~ 40 MW

electrolysis

power ~ 100 MW

FT product = 10 t/h

Current Status and Outlook

• Successful scale up of a dual fluidized bed steam gasification system from laboratory to industrial scale (within 10 years)

• Several industrial plants available with – High electrical efficiency (> 30 % with combined gas engine and ORC-process)

– No solid residues (only ash, carbon content <0,5 %)

– No liquid condensates

– European emission requirements are met

– High availabilities (>90 %)

– Three plants are already in operation (8-15 MWfuel)

• High potential for biofuels (BioSNG, BioFiT) – BioSNG, most suitable,

– BioFiT, research ongoing, scale up to 1 bpd is ongoing

• Biomass CHP Güssing and now also Oberwart is optimal for research, as synthesis gas is available for 7000 hours per year

Information

More info at

http://www.ieatask33.org

http://www.ficfb.at

http://www.vt.tuwien.ac.at

http://www.bioenergy2020.eu

Dr.Reinhard Rauch

Vienna University of Technology

Bioenergy2020+

Phone: (++43-676) 36 39 381

Email: reinhard.rauch@tuwien.ac.at

Skype: reinhard.rauch.tuwien