A. Phn m u
thnh thi quen vi nhiu ngi, mi khi b ng c do s dng nng sn, nht l
rau qu, th nguyn nhn u tin ngi ta ngh n l cc loi thuc bo v thc vt
(BVTV). Np ngh ny l c c s, v thuc BVTV khng nhng l nguyn nhn trc
tip gy nn cc v ng c, m cn l nguyn nhn tim n u c sc khe con ngi v mi
trng thng qua vic tch ly d lng thuc BVTV.
Thuc BVTV l yu t quan trng bo v sn lng lng thc, thc phm. Nh vy m
nui sng c s dn c tng ln nhanh chng trong nhiu thp k qua, khong
40-50 nm v trc, khi thuc BVTV v ging mi cha c s dng rng ri, nng sut
la mi t trung bnh 1 1,5 tn/ha/v th n nay, dn s cng nh nng sut cy
trng tng ln nhiu ln. Cng vi vic s dng ging mi c nng sut cao trn din
tch rng, nhiu loi su bnh nguy him cng ng thi pht sinh ph hi lm gim
nng sut cy trng t 15-20%, c ni 40-50%, thm ch mt trng th vic hin
din thuc BVTV l ng nhin. Trc y, nng dn ch dng thuc BVTV cho la, nay
dng cho hu ht cc loi cy trng, nh rau qu, u , cc loi cy trng cn
khc
Kt qu kim tra mt s mu rau qu ti mt s ch u mi cc thnh ph ln cho
thy d lng thuc BVTV cc loi c nhiu trong cc mu rau, vt hng chc ln
gii hn cho php. Nht l cc loi rau n l nh ci ngt, mng ti, ci b xanh,
ci bp, ci tho, rau mung, kh qua, da leo Trn cc loi tri cy th d lng
ng k nht l nho, sau l to, i, xoi, cam qut. D lng qu cao cc loi thuc
BVTV khng nhng gy nh hng xu n sc khe con ngi m cn tc ng khng tt n
mi trng. Cc cuc iu tra nghin cu u cho thy, d lng thuc BVTV trong t
lm gim ng k mt giun t v cc h vi sinh vt, lm cht cua, c
Trc tnh hnh thc t nh trn, vic qun l cht ch s dng thuc BVTV v tng
cng nghin cu, a vo s dng rng ri cc ch phm sinh hc an ton l vic lm v
cng cn thit v cp bch.
B. Phn Ni dungI-Hin trng d lng thuc BVTV trong nng sn
D lng thuc BVTV trn nng sn vt qu mc cho php hin nay, ang l mt vn
nhc nhi ca x hi. Ti hi ngh v cng tc v sinh an ton thc phm trong
ngnh nng nghip Cc Bo v thc vt (BVTV B NN&PTNT) cng b kt qu kim
tra 25 mu rau ti cc tnh pha Bc, c ti 44% mu rau c d lng thuc bo v
thc vt, trong 4% c hot cht c hi vt qu gii hn cho php. Kim tra 35 mu
rau ti cc tnh pha Nam, Cc BVTV pht hin ti 54% mu c d lng thuc bo v
thc vt, trong 8,6% mu c pht hin c hm lng thuc bo v thc vt kh nng gy
ng c cho ngi s dng. Ti Bnh Dng, kim tra 228 mu c n 72 mu pht hin d
lng clo v 9 mu c d lng thuc bo v thc vt vt gii hn. Ti ng Nai, kim
tra 495 mu rau, c ti 56 mu c d lng thuc bo v thc vt cao gp nhiu ln
tiu chun cho php. Mt s loi rau thng b pht hin cha nhiu d lng thuc
bo v thc vt nh: Hnh, c chua, u , mp ng, da chut... Ti mt lot va rau
ca H Ni nh Thng Tn, Hoi c, Thanh Tr... tnh trng ti rau bng phn ti
hoc ngun nc b nhim kh ph bin. Khng ch cc loi rau c nh su ho, khoai
ty m ngay c cc loi rau dng n sng nh hnh, rau dip, rau thm cng c ti
bng nhng ngun nc khng m bo v sinh. Mt lot vng rau nh xm Hng Thi, Ho
Lng, Quang Trung, Tin Hong, Ph Cc, Ni Thn, ng Thai, N Bn thuc huyn
Thng Tn, hoc va rau thuc huyn Hoi c, thng c ngay mt h phn g cnh
rung rau, bc mi khn khn khp vng. Ngc li, ti nhiu rung rau Thanh Tr
li c chm bn bng ngun nc sng T Lch vn khng ch b nhim vi sinh vt m cn
b nhim kim loi nng. Tnh trng lm dng thuc bo v thc vt cng din ra ph
bin ti cc vng nng thn hin nay. L ra phi m bo quy trnh v s ngy sau
khi phun thuc th ngc li, nhiu ch rau li tranh th bn ngay rau c... p
m. Tuy nhin, nhn nhng m rau xanh mn mn sau khi c thu hoch, kh ai c
th ng rng nhiu loi trong s c nui trng bi mt quy trnh rt mt v sinh.
Gn y, mc nng dn s dng thuc BVTV thuc cc nhm c c cao, chm phn hy nh
clor hu c, ln hu c, carbamate... gim nhiu. Tuy nhin, mt s hot cht
nh methomyl, phenthoate, diazinon, dimethoate, isoproarb,
fenobucarb, benfuracarb, carbaryl, profenophos, methidation... c c
kh cao, nn d mc s dng gim vn to nguy c cao trn rau qu. S v ng c cp
tnh c gim nhng ch l mt ni ca vn . Phn cn li khng thy c l d lng tn
ti trong rau qu vt qu mc an ton, nh hng lu di n sc khe.
