DSIP Case Studies

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    1

    A 1. 

    1.

    DWT D W T. I ,

    (DWT) . A

    , F : ( ).

    1.1.

    T DWT H A H. F

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    1.2.

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    1.3.

    O (

    ), N (

    ). W . C .

    2. A

    T , ,

    . M , ,

    , . P

    . DWT

    .

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    3

    1. B

    T . F

    E , C/ ,

    , .. .

    T . T

    .

    I , .

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    4

    A 2. 

    C

    I . V

    ,

    , . C

    .

    R

    , , ,

    . A

    ,

    . 1 I D

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    . T

    . I E

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    ( , ,

    ). W ,

    . F 2 . 

    2: . ,

    . , . 

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    5

    A 3: C A C AA 

    C :

    1. C .

    2. W , 2030

    .

    T :

    1. F (TV , );

    2. P .

    • P

    . A . A

    .

    •  I ( ), (). E

    : & TVTV ( &.

    • D ,

    : (R), (G), (B). T

    1931: 700 , 546.1 , 435.8 .

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    ).

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    A ( )

    .M

    ( )

    ( ).

    T I P RGB (, ),

    CMY CMYK (), HIS ( .

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    W RGB CMY ,

    , , . T, , , (HSI) , .T

    I=(R + G + B)/3

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    A 4: A C

    1.

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    . G

    . I

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    , , , , . R

    . I

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    .

    2. F . T

    . H . T

    , , , . T

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    , , . S

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    9

    ,

    .

    3.

    I , ,

    . T . T , . I . S

    , .. P, S, P

    D, S D .. T ,

    , ( ). T

    .

    B

    .

    F 2: D P, S, .

    4.

    O , . F

    . I

    , . A ,

    .

    5. A

    1. G / /

    2. I H C I,

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    10

    A 5. A C C A 

    T  

    . I ,  (DWT)

    . A ,

    F T :    ( ).

    ( ). N

    JPEG 2000 ECW , REDCODE, BBC' D,

    O T . T .

    W .

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    ). D

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    /

    . A 1D 2D "

    ".

     T   ,

    . T FIR DSP,

    MACP , FIR . T

    / , :

    ( )1

    1,12

     H   =  

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    11

    A

    ( )1

    1, 12

    G = −  

    O , :

    W A 2D ,    H

    ,

    1 10 0 0 0 0 0

    2 2

    1 10 0 0 0 0 0

    2 2

    1 10 0 0 0 0 0

    2 2

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    2 2

    1 10 0 0 0 0 0

    2 2

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    2 2

    1 10 0 0 0 0 0

    2 2

    1 10 0 0 0 0 0

    2 2

     N 

     H W 

    G

    = = 

    − − − −  

    I 44 . T .

    T FIR DSP MACP .

    T ,  , 4 ,

    , , ,

    . T (

    ), , , . B

    .

     N N T W AW  =

    First half: Applying 1D

    Transformation to Rows of Image

    Second half: Applying 1D

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    12

    T  , . L

      . T

    :

    1

     N 

     N  A W TW 

    − −=%   (    )

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    13

    A 6: BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION

    T . T

    :

    •  S , PIN

    •  S , ATM

    •  S , . T

    T , ,

    , , B.

    A B

    ,

    .

    T :

    •  I U

    •  I U

    •  T U

    M U

    B  

    T .

    1> E I

    .

    2> T G,

    . C,

    . T

    . T ,

    . C .

    S .

    F . I ,

    . N . I

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    A 7. C BA A A

    C (CBIR), (QBIC)

    (CBVIR)

    , , . (

    [1]

      CBIR ). C ( ).

    "C"

    , , / . T ''

    , , ,

    . CBIR

    . A

    ,

    . T

    .

    CBIR ,

    ( ),

    .

    I, CBIR , . T,

    , T

    D S ( ).

    A CBIR , . T,

    .

    T CBIR :

    W W

    W CBIR

    H

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    3.

    D ,

    . I ,

    . T

    (.. , ). T

    .

    4.

    T

    . I

    . S

    , .

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    18

    Application 9. Colour Image Smoothing And Sharpening 

    T . I

    , .

    A M ( ):

    F = ('', [7, 7], 5)

    7 7 , 5.

    T

    .

    U , . T '':

    F = ('');

    (2,2,1), (), ('O P S');

    = (, F, '');

    (2,2,2), (), ('S P');

    M = (, F, '');

    (2,2,3), (M), ('E ');

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    A 10. 

     

    ,

    F: W E S.

    T D W:

    •   

    •  :

    •  :

    •  :

    •  :

    •  :

    ACA AA

    •  C . C

    •  . T

    .

    •  . A

    L ,

    .

    •  . T , ,

    .•  N X MRI

    .

    CAACC AA

    •  : .

    •  : .

    W

    W

    E W

     

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    •  : A . A . M,

    .

    •  : A

    . A . T

    .

    B CBC

    I , RGB

    YCC.

    T X YCC .

    CC

    Y 0.29 0.58 0.11 R

    C = 0.16 0.33 0.50 G

    C 0.50 0.41 0.81 B

    T Y . T C C .

    T 4:2:2 4:1:1 .

    D :

    .

     

    S S T .

    •  B (B): T LSB . G ,

    8 , (.., ), ,

    . T

    ; , . F , LSB, . 

    •  B : S

    . T ,

    , ,

    . W , SSM

    .

    C , . T

    . T

    C (C),  (),

    (), D L T (DLT) D H T (DHT).

    T

    (HVS) . F , HVS

    , . I ,

    ,

    . O ,

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    ; , , ,

    . T ,

    .

    •  C (C):CT F T,

    . T ,

    .

    DCT . S

    ,

    , . H,

    . A

    , , . DCT G DCT

    B DCT . E

    .

    •  (): T D W T (DWT) , ,

    , . W ,

    . S , W

    T . W O W

    , ,

    , . W

    ,

    . S , W

    T . W DWT

    . T 2D (DWT)

    , 3 1 . T ;

    1/4 . T 2D DWT 1D DWT . T DWT (LL)

    (HL), (LH) (HH) . T

    ( )

    / () . T

    . T

    , (LH, HL, HH).

    E ,

    . T DWT

    .

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    22

    Application 11.

     I ,

    ( , ). T /

    .I (, , .) .

    M ,

    .

    T ,

    . E

    , , , .

    A .

    W , M (Medical imaging is the technique and

    process used to create images of the human body (or parts and function thereof) for clinical purposes) ,

    3D

    M . 

    1.

    A CT .

    C . F ,

    R ,

    .

    2. C

    T .

    I .

    L ,

    , , . T ,

    , .

    L

    ( )

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    . T .

    F S : C () O I, C () S .

    3. :

      PCX BMP, TGA,TIFF

    DPCM P C

    A LZW GIF TIFF

      PNG, MNG, TIFF

    C

    4. :

    . T

    . E

    . T .

    C . T ,  

    .

    . T . A F DCT

    , .

    F

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    A 12.   

    •  B ( , ) ( S J K) (, ) ( M N)

    •  C ( , ) ( )

    •  (, ) = ∑  ∑  (, ) . ( +, + )

    o  F = 0, 1, 2, . . M1o  =0, 1, 2, . . .N1

    •  S

    •  T

    •  A (0, 0) A , .•  (, )

    •  T W .

      A

      T

      I ( , )

      T

    W = 0, 1, 2, . . M1

    =0, 1, 2, . . .N1

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    C ,

      T γ  (, ) 1 +1

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    A 13. 

     

    . A , ,

    . M,

    .

    C ,

    . O ,

    , .

    F ,

    (

    ,

    ).

    T ,

    , (

    ),

    .

    C   C    

    H BOK  BOK RLE  B  OK LZ   G  B 

    A C

    G .F: GZIP, BZIP, BOA.

    A: PKZIP.

    F : NTFS.

    M.

    I: GIF, JPEG, CD.

    S: MP3.

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    V: MPEG, DX, HDTV.

    C.

    ITUT T4 G 3 F.

    V.42 .

    D.

    G

    E . R , '

    3.

      AAAABBBAABBBBBCCCCCCCCDABCBAAABBBBCCCD

      4A3BAA5B8CDABCB3A4B3CD

    A: . R 0 1, . "F "

    . A: B ,  _JPEG (J P E G).

    . !

    V

    A:

    C

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4. 2 3 . I

    (64 )

    R K K K K K K KK K K R R K K K

    K K R R R R G G

    K K B C C C R R

    G G G M C B R R

    B B B M Y B B R

    G G G G G G G R

    G R R R R G R R

    C H

    =================================R 19 00

    K 17 01

    G 14 10

    B 7 110

    C 4 1110

    M 2 11110

    Y 1 11111

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    A 14. AAC B A C 

    A  

    . T

    , . T

    .

    ANPR ,

    . S

    . ANPR ,

    .

    :

    1.  P .

    2.  P .

    3.  N .

    4.  C .

    5.  O .

    6.  S/G .

    T .

    D (),

    . A

    .

    1. T

    CCTV . A , A

    .

    2. O ;

    . A ,

    . T ,

    . A

    .

    3. T . A

    . A

    . C

    . F C .

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    A 15. C  

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    Application 16. Handwritten And Printed Character Recognition

    1. C

    H

    , , . T

    " " ( ) . A,

    " ", .

    H . H,

    ,

    .

    C

    O .

    T . T

    [1] , . T

    . T . Y

    .

    C

    A

    . S

    .

    N . T

    . E

    . I . N

    ; ,

    .

    F ,

    .

    S :

    •  A R

    •  P

    •  P

    •  N •  A

    •  I

    •  I T . Y

    .

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    O

    PDA, / .

    T .

    T

    .

    T : 

    •  .

    •  , , , .

    •  ,

    .

    2. C :

    T

    .

    •  C ( ) : () (

    )

    •  () ( )

    C C

    T

    . T

    , .

    T

    . T . A

    : , , ().

    I, . I ,

    . I C .

    I , . H,

    .T O , , . A

    . T

    .

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    C

    I , . H,

    ,

    T :

    ● P ( ).

    ● T .

    ● T "."

    ● E , .● T . S ( ).

    ● T, . I , . O

    , .