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DSDV Using

Border Gateway Protocol

PROFESSOR: Vicky Hsu

Santhosh Kumar Kotapally A1370Mahesh Kumar Donthula A1371

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AbstractThe project mainly describes the model and the tool that we use throughout

the whole thesis to simulate the interdomain routing system. Such a tool is needed to better understand the current Internet infrastructure and its routing protocol, BGP. DSDV Using Border Gateway Protocol is an application oriented simulation.

On one side, understanding BGP is required for network operators that want to better manage their network and prepare it to support new Internet-based services. On the other side, a good understanding of BGP is also required for researchers that want to characterize the behavior of BGP in the global Internet.

The selection of routes is done by the routing protocol DSDV (DestinationSequenced Distance Vector). The DSDV protocol implements the shortest path first policy and selects the more feasible path among the number of available paths for communication in the network. The thesis can be implemented in the complex internet architecture to enhance the overall performance of the network in terms ofnetwork size and the quality of services.

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Introduction

Initially developed as a network that connects a small number of research networks, the Internet has become a world-wide data network that is used for mission critical applications such as Voice over IP (VoIP) or Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). Supporting such applications across the global Internet implies several important challenges. The first challenge is the size of the Internet. The Internet is a large decentralized network that already connected about 350 million hosts in June 2005. Furthermore, these hosts are organized in about 21,000 distinct domains, a domain corresponding roughly to a company, an Internet Service Provider (ISP) or a campus network. All these domains are interconnected to form the global Internet.  

 Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Using Border Gateway Protocol

mainly deals with interdomain routing and enhances the performance of the Network in terms of both Internet size and Quality of the services it provides. BGP is a de facto standard routing protocol. It also deals with Traffic Engineering. Traffic Engineering covers the evaluation and the improvement of the performance of operational IP networks.

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Routing in each level of the Internet is performed by a different routing protocol.

The route selection performed relies on the optimization of a single metric in existing routing protocols.

The organization of the current Internet infrastructure in two levels has an impact on the efficiency of interdomain Traffic Engineering.

In large network topologies the mobility of nodes in a given topology is limited. It is a difficult task to update the routing information of the nodes dynamically.

Existing System

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Proposed System

The rationale behind the design of BGP was to provide reachability among domains and the ability for any domain to enforce its own routing policies.

Limits the large scale selection of inter domain paths .

The Dynamic Nodes routing information is maintained in Routing Table which helps in finding details of a Node at a particular instant of time.

The impact of efficiency of interdomain Traffic Engineering is minimized in the proposed system. 

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Modules

The whole thesis can be divided into the two main modules, the Modules are:

1.Finding the feasible path between a source and destination node.

2.Constructing the Routing Table of a node dynamically.

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Module 1

Dynamically we finding the feasible route to the destination node from the routing table.

We use Destination Sequenced Distance Vector routing protocol for finding the feasible path.

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Module 2

Each node maintaining routing table which contain the information about the neighbor node.

The Routing Table contain the information like Metric, Next-hop Destination to which the packets have to be sent.

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Border Gateway Protocol

In this section, we describe the model and the tool that we use throughout the whole thesis to simulate the interdomain routing system. Such a tool is needed to better understand the current Internet infrastructure and its routing protocol, BGP. The tool focuses on the selection of routes by BGP, not on a model of the convergence of BGP. Reproducing the behavior of BGP is a challenging problem. In this chapter, we will explain why this is a difficult task.

The Internet is composed of an interconnection of hundreds of thousands of routers running BGP. Since the real Internet now supports critical applications, it is not possible to run large experiments or to deploy modified versions of BGP on the production routers. Due to the number of routers in the Internet, it is also not possible to reproduce the behavior of such a large network on genuine routers in a lab. A natural first step is thus to turn to simulations. However, building an efficient simulation model of BGP is a difficult task since it poses serious scalability constraints. In this chapter, we describe the hypothesis we take and their impact on the efficiency of the simulator.

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C-BGP: A BGP ROUTING SOLVER

In this section, we describe our approach to build a BGP routing solver meeting the requirements and the hypothesis that are taken in order to make it efficient. Our implementation of this routing solver is called CBGP. It is open source and publicly available. There are currently two main approaches to computing the BGP routes known by a router. The first one consists in resolving the dependencies between the routing decisions taken by the different routers in a distributed manner. Its main limitations are that it leads to a very specialized

model. Then, we do not model various timers that are used by BGP in order to minimize BGP a message churns.

Two timers are concerned. First, the Minimum Route Advertisement Interval (MRAI) timer is used to prevent a router to send to a neighbor too frequent updates for the same destination prefix. The second timer is used by a technique called Route Flap Dampening which will avoid too frequent updates received from neighbor routers for the same prefix to be taken into account by the decision process. We do not model these timers since we do not care about routes that are flapping. This is reasonable since the large majority of Internet routes are stable over time.

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C-BGP: A BGP ROUTING SOLVER 2

Finally, we use a steady state model of the IGP protocol to compute the Intradomain routes without exchanging messages. A model of the IGP protocol is needed to compute the paths between BGP routers for instance. Of BGP even if it might be slightly more efficient and that it is limited to a single domain. The other approach is to reproduce the propagation of BGP messages between the routers and the route selection performed by each router. This is the approach used in CBGP.

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Destination Sequenced Distance VectorIt is a table-driven routing scheme for Adhoc mobile network based on the Bellman-Ford algorithm.

It is quite suitable for creating Adhoc network with small number of nodes.

Each entry in the routing table contains a sequence number, the sequence numbers are generally even if a link is present; else, an odd number is used.

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RequirementsSoftware Requirements:

Hardware Requirements:

Processor: PIII and Above

128 MB RAM And Above

Operating System: OS that supports JVM

JDK 1.5

Rational Rose

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Functional Requirements

Functional requirements specify which outputs should be produced from the given inputs. They describe the relationship between the input and output of the system, for each functional requirement a detailed description of all data inputs and their source and the range of valid inputs must be specified. All the operations to be performed on the input data to obtain the output should be specified.

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All the requirements relating to the performance characteristics of the system must be clearly specified. There are two types of performance requirements – static and dynamic.

Static Requirements are those that do not impose constraint on the execution characteristics of the system. These include requirements like the number of terminals to be supported, and number simultaneous users to be supported, number of files, and their sizes that the system has to process. These are also called capacity of the system

Performance Requirements

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UML Diagrams Class Diagram

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Sequence Diagram

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Collaboration Diagram

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Activity Diagram

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Screen Shots

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Conclusion

We have proposed Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Using Border Gateway Protocol mainly deals with interdomain routing and enhances the performance of the Network in terms of both Internet size and Quality of the services it provides. BGP is a de facto standard routing protocol. It also deals with Traffic Engineering. Traffic Engineering covers the evaluation and the improvement of the performance of operational IP networks.

BGP contains a well-understood and widely-deployed mechanism for data distribution. DSDV helps in finding the shortest path from a source to destination node and reduces the overhead in the selection of paths for data communication. Interdomain routing system main rely on topology of the network. So, as the topology of the network and path selection mechanisms are simple, the routing is simple.

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References

1) Highly Dynamic Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing DSDV for Mobile Computers By Charles E Perkins, IBM T J Watson Research Center Hawthorne NY 2) Securing the Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector Routing Protocol by Tao Wan Evangelos Kranakis, P.C. van Oorschot3) Border Gateway Protocol, Part III by John Ioannidis4) BGP, where are we now? By John Scudder and David WardIETF-68, March 22, 20075) BGP – A route too far by Michael Silvin, Fredrik Söderquist6) BGP Stability Study http://psg.com/~avri/irtf/BGPstability-charter.html7) The Basics of BGP Routing and its Performance in Today’s InternetNina Taft, Sprint, Advanced Technology Labs, California, USA

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References

8) A Survey of BGP Security by KEVIN BUTLER, Systems and Internet Infrastructure Laboratory Pennsylvania State University, TONI FARLEYArizona State University, PATRICK MCDANIEL Systems and Internet Infrastructure Laboratory Pennsylvania State University and JENNIFER REXFORD Princeton University9) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BGP10) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSDV11) The Complete Reference Java by Herbert Schildt 12) Thinking in Java by Bruce Eckel13) J2SE API by Sun Microsystems14) Software Engineering by pankaj Jalote15) UML Diagrams by Grady Booch16) www.sun.com/j2ee/mailapi17) www.sun.com/j2se

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Thank You