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Annual Plan of Work and Budget (POWB) for 2016

Name of the CRP: DRYLAND CEREALS Official Start Date of Phase I (as per its PIA): 01 July 2012 Start of the Extension Phase: 01 Jan 2015

A. Narrative of Major Planned Work: The CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Cereals aims to improve small-holder agriculture involving barley, finger millet, pearl millet and sorghum in the dryland regions of Africa and Asia. More than 650 million of the worlds poorest and most food- and nutrition-insecure people live in these dryland regions, where harsh agricultural environments prevent the growth and productivity of all but the most resilient of crops.

Research for Development (R4D) on dryland cereal crops during the extension phase and beyond are intended to contribute to (1) poverty reduction of the subsistence farmers dependent on dryland-cereal-comprising cropping and farming systems, (2) food and nutrition security of dryland-cereal-consuming populations in the target regions, (3) maintenance and/or improvement of the health of degraded soils in dryland-cereal-growing environments, and (4) sustainable intensification of dryland-cereal-production systems to prevent excessive expansion of agricultural area. Thus, the overall research strategy for Dryland Cereals addresses all three of the System Level Outcomes identified in the developing Strategy and Results Framework of the CGIAR. The extension phase of Dryland Cereals focuses on five of the current Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs):

1. IDO1: Improved productivity of dryland cereals in smallholder farming systems in Africa and Asia 2. IDO2: Increased and stable access to dryland cereal food, feed and fodder by the poor,

especially rural women and children 3. IDO3: Increased consumption of nutritious dryland cereals by the poor, especially among

nutritionally vulnerable women and children 4. IDO4: Increased and more equitable income from marketing dryland cereal grain, fodder and

products by low income value chain actors, especially smallholder women farmers 5. IDO5: Increased capacity to adapt to environmental variability and longer term changes in low

income communities in Africa and Asia Reduced budget relative to the requested amount for the extension phase has implications on planned activities and the Performance Index Matrix, and this information will be communicated separately.

The program was restructured for the purposes of the Annual POWB for 2014, with 2014 being a transition year. As per the new structure, there are five Flagship Projects (FPs) each with seven Clusters of Activities (CAs), as shown in Dryland Cereals Impact Pathway below. The flagships constitute thematic research areas across the dryland cereals value chain, and the CAs constitute crop-region focus (four crops over five geographical regions, namely, West and Central Africa/WCA, East and Southern Africa/ESA, Northern Africa/NA, Central and Western Asia/CWA, and South Asia/SA, including fifteen countries). Each FP addresses critical objectives for realizing intended output targets that lead to the IDOs and consequently to the SLOs, and these critical objectives are uniform across the seven CAs.

Objectives within the five thematic Flagship Projects have been streamlined, as identified above, across each CA, and this streamlining is intended to encourage communication, resource-sharing and cross-learning across the seven CAs. Moving past the extension phase with similar intentions, it is also planned to reduce the current seven crop- and region-based CAs into four crop-based CAs. FP1 (Data, Knowledge & Communications), identified in the Extension Proposal, has been renamed as Priority Setting and Adoption Analyses, combining all socio-economic analyses pertinent to demands, constraints and value chains under one heading. It is a collaborative effort with CRP PIM. Dissemination of information from this FP to stakeholders for priority setting is a cross-cutting activity across the seven CAs within this FP. FP2, Improved Varieties & Hybrids, in addition to routine breeding for yield enhancement and stability, will also address the development or enhancement of tools for accelerated genetic gain during the extension phase, and these include genome sequencing or re-sequencing, marker development, GWAS, genome editing, doubled haploidy and mutation breeding. Attention will also be paid to the establishment of robust field-testing and

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phenotyping locations that are representative of the Target Population of Environments (TPEs) for each crop.

FP3, Integrated Crop Management, involving collaborations with CRPs DS, L&F and CCAFS, will address soil-water-crop management aspects within the context of prevailing cropping and farming systems. FP5, Post-Harvest Value & Output Markets, will address downstream activities specifically pertinent to post-harvest loss reduction and end-user value. Dedicated activities for Seed Systems under FP4 enable focused delivery of solutions for seed production, multiplication and distribution in both formal and informal seed systems. Activities related to Input Services under FP4 will not be addressed this year, but gradually developed over 2016 and beyond. Country-specific implementation of R4D during the extension phase will consider all global ongoing activities in dryland cereal crops in target countries, to avoid redundancies and ensure complementation. Gender-specific activities relevant to each CA under each FP are identified within Table 1, and this incorporates associated budgets under the pertinent CA. Gender research identified within the CAs and FPs in Table 1 are also parsed out into Table 2, such that Table 2 includes CRP-level overarching strategic gender research, as well as FP-/CA-specific gender-relevant R4D activities. Finally, Competitive Grants during 2015 will utilize $650,000, and the Dryland Cereals Scholarship Program to be launched in 2015 will utilize $750,000 equally distributed over 3 years.

The W1/W2 budget allocation for 2016 for Dryland Cereals is $3.100 MM. Estimated W3/bilateral amount for barley is $206,700 and for sorghum and millets, it is $9.021 MM. The budget calculations for POWB2016 are made based on these estimations, knowing that these estimations are likely to increase during the year. Carryover of overspent W1/W2 amounts from 2015 are not reflected in the budgets identified here, but will be factored in during implementation. As per the performance-based recommendation of FinPlan 2016, budgets and activities under Flagships 1 and 5 have been reduced to one-fourth and one-third respectively, relative to those in 2015. Strategic gender research and gender-related research activities in the program have been enhanced with a budget of $1.551 MM relative to $1.095 MM in 2015.

B. Tables See next Pages

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Table 1 - Planned key activities for 2014 to produce IDOs and outputs, with associated planned budgets

Level of organisation within the CRP Description of planned key activities at each level of

internal organisation Expected results of planned key activities

Planned budget ($

000s)

Level n-1: Flagship Project

Provide a list of all the Flagship Projects (level n-1) which constitute the full CRP (level n). Indicate, where relevant, the geographical areas where the Flagship is implemented. Number Flagships from 1 to x

Expected progress toward the CRP IDOs, and indicators of this progress

Budget per Flagship Project

FP1: Priority Setting and Adoption Analyses

FP1: R4D priority setting based on gender-disaggregated information about farmer preferences and market trends; analyses of technology adoption; and dissemination of related information.

IDO 4: Expected progress early proof of concept; Indicators - increased income from dryland cereals

400

FP2: Improved Varieties and Hybrids

FP2: Development of improved dryland cereal varieties and hybrids for yield enhancement and stability; improved nutrition and food/feed/fodder quality; and resilience to climate change.

IDO 1: Expected progress range from proof of concept to upscaling for different CAs; Indicators increased yield

6,000

IDO 2: Expected progress advanced proof of concept; Indicators availability of food stock, reduced hunger period

IDO 3: Expected progress range from proof of concept to pilot phases for different CAs, upscaling phase for one CA (linked to Harvest Plus); Indicators increased availability of micronutrient rich and/or bio-fortified dryland cereals

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IDO 5: Expected progress range from discovery to proof of concept phase; Indicators: increased acreage of cultivars with improved climate resilience

FP3: Integrated Crop Management

FP3: Integration of sustainable crop, soil and water management options, and crop-livestock management, for enhanced productivity of cropping and farming systems that include dryland cereals.

IDO 1: Expected progress range from discovery to Pilot for different CAs; Indicators increased yield

1,500

IDO 5: Expected progress range from discovery to proof-of-concept phase; Indicators increased acreage of cultivars with improved climate resilience

FP4: Seed Systems and Input Markets

FP4: Promotion of effective seed dissemination for increased adoption of improved varieties and hybrids; facilitation of input services.

IDO 1: Expected progress range from discovery to early proof of concept; Indicators - increased yield

2,000

IDO 2: Expected progress Discovery to early proof of concept; Indicators availability of food stock, reduced hunger period

IDO 4: Expected progress early proof of concept; Indicators - increased income from dryland cereals

FP5: Post-Harvest Value and Output Markets

FP5: Promotion of post-harvest value addition and market access to enhance income for smallholder dryland cereal producer; reduction of post-harvest losse.

IDO 2: Expected progress Discovery to early proof of concept; Indicators availability of food stock, reduced hunger period

605

IDO 4: Expected progress Pilot; Indicators increased income from dryland cereals

Total budget to Flagship Projects (includes gender-related embedded R4D activities identified below)

Active bilateral projects 9,228

W1,W2 3,100

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GRAND TOTAL (W1, W2 and Bilateral) 12,328

CRP Management and Co-ordination 500

Overarching Gender Strategy 500

Total gender related R4D within the CRP 1,551

Dryland Cereals Review Meeting 100

Level n-2: Cluster of activities1 For each Flagship Project, list the relevant Clusters of activities; use one row for each activity Cluster. Number each Cluster with two digits: that of the Flagship Project to which the activity cluster belongs and that of the Cluster itself within the Flagship (e.g., 1.1 for Cluster 1 in Flagship 1)

For each Cluster of activities, indicate: Expected outputs (results of discovery and proof of concept phases of R&D, see Annex 1) and research outcomes (results of pilot phase of R&D, see Annex 1)

- objectives pursued

- geographical location(s) of the work

- type of methods used (e.g., diagnosis survey, on-farm trial, ...)

- Gender research dimension (if relevant). If there is a gender dimension, its expected results must be translated in the outputs and research outcomes in next column

NOTE: There are seven common Clusters of Activities (CA) that cross-cut across the five Flagship Projects. Therefore the descriptions for the seven Clusters of Activities (in Column 2) are the same for all of the Flagship Projects, while the numbering distinctly associates a specific Flagship with a specific Cluster of Activity. Within each Cluster of Activities, attempts have been made this year to unify key overall areas of focus to further streamline activities and encourage collaboration across Clusters of Activities within each Flagship.

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1.1. FP1; CA1 FP1: Priority Setting & Adoption Analyses CA1: Sorghum for West & Central Africa - Supporting famers transition from subsistence to market orientation with productive, nutritious, photoperiod-sensitive sorghum production packages for multiple uses in West & Central Africa (Sorghum for WCA) Target Countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria

Objective 4: Complete baseline data reports for sorghum in WCA and publish results Location(s): Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria Method(s): 1. Finalization of baseline reports and preparation of one scientific paper. 2. Mapping sorghum distribution in Mali using remote sensing imagery for 2013-14 Gender: Limited macro-level analysis of gender disaggregated information.

Research Output(s): Gender-disaggregated information on crop production trends, input use, crop uses, key environment and livelihood indicators, and farmer typologies for target production zones in West & Central Africa Research Outcome(s): National programs, NGOs and other stakeholders can use the information for better targeting.

92

Objective 5: Deliver foresight planning and priority setting information for sorghum in WCA Location(s): Sudan Savannah of Mali Method(s): 1. Analysis of drought patterns for sorghum cultivation 2. Analysis of gender differentiated demand for traits and trait combinations for sorghum adoption 3. Exploring options for screening sorghum varieties for drought adaptation specifically for Sahelian growing conditions (sandy soils, low P) 4. Characterization of popular genotypes and modelling environment x genotypes in systems context (Mali>Senegal>Burkina Faso)

Research Output(s): Targeting of specific drought tolerance components for variety development; Potential agro ecologies for dryland cereals varieties and hybrids delineated and used for targeting in Mali; Environments characterized and stress patterns quantified. Research Outcome(s): Strategic R4D and priority setting are possible at national and regional levels.

Objective 6: Publication of adoption tracking and impact assessment under phase 1 for sorghum in WCA Location(s): Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria Method(s): 1. Adoption tracking model for sorghum Gender: Gender-disaggregated data

Research Output(s): Publication of gender-disaggregated adoption tracking and impact assessment information for sorghum in WCA. Research Outcome(s): Strategic R4D and priority setting are possible at national and regional levels.

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1.2. FP1; CA2 FP1: Priority Setting & Adoption Analyses CA2: Pearl Millet for West & Central Africa - Improving food security for subsistence smallholder farmers in West and Central Africa with productive and nutritious pearl millet food, feed and fodder production technologies (Pearl millet for WCA) Target Countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal

Objective 4: Complete baseline data reports for pearl millet in WCA and publish results Location(s): Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal Method(s): 1. Finalization of baseline reports and write one scientific paper 2. Mapping pearl millet distribution in Mali using remote sensing imagery for 2013-14 Gender: Limited macro-level analysis of gender-disaggregated data

Research Output(s): Gender-disaggregated information on crop production trends, input use, crop uses, key environment and livelihood indicators, and farmer typologies for target production zones in WCA Research Outcome(s): National programs, NGOs and other stakeholders can use the information for better targeting.

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Objective 6: Adoption tracking and impact assessment under phase 1 published for pearl millet in WCA Location(s): Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria Method(s): 1. Adoption tracking model for sorghum Gender: Gender-disaggregated data

Research Output(s): Publication of gender-disaggregated adoption tracking and impact assessment information for sorghum in WCA. Research Outcome(s): Strategic R4D and priority setting are possible at national and regional levels.

1.3: FP1; CA3 FP1: Priority Setting & Adoption Analyses CA3: Sorghum for East & Southern Africa - Drought tolerant, highly productive, multi-use sorghum varieties and hybrids for food and processing uses in the dry lowlands of East and Southern Africa (Sorghum for ESA) Target Countries: Ethiopia, Mozambique, Sudan, Tanzania

Objective 4: Complete baseline data reports for sorghum in ESA and publish results Location(s): Ethiopia Method(s): 1. Mapping sorghum distribution in Ethiopia using remote sensing imagery for 2013-14

Research Output(s): Sorghum distribution GIS map for Ethiopia Research Outcome(s): Identification of regions in ESA where sorghum has comparative advantage over maize, and establishment of strategic R4D priorities for these areas. National programs, NGOs and other stakeholders can use the information for better targeting.

46

Objective 6: Adoption tracking and impact assessment under phase 1 published for sorghum in ESA Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda Method(s): 1. Adoption tracking model for sorghum 2. Synthesis of farmer trait preferences

Research Output(s): Published information on adoption tracking and impact assessment for sorghum in ESA Research Outcome(s): Strategic priority setting for sorghum R4D in ESA.

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1.4: FP1; CA4 FP1: Priority Setting & Adoption Analysis CA4: Finger millet for East and Southern Africa - Improving nutritional security with productive and nutritious finger millet production technologies for East and Southern Africa (Finger millet for ESA) Target Countries: Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda

Objective 4: Complete baseline data reports for finger millet in ESA and publish results Location(s): Ethiopia Method(s): 1. Mapping finger millet distribution in Ethiopia using remote sensing imagery for 2013-14

Research Output(s): GIS map for finger millet distribution in Ethiopia Research Outcome(s): Identification and focus on key R4D needs for finger millet in East and Southern Africa.

29

Objective 6: Publish adoption tracking and impact assessment for finger millet in ESA under phase 1 Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda Method(s): 1. Adoption tracking model for finger millets Gender: Limited macro-level analysis of gender-disaggregated information

Research Output(s): Publication of gender-disaggregated adoption tracking and impact assessment information for finger millet in ESA. Research Outcome(s): Strategic R4D and priority setting are possible at national and regional levels.

1.5: FP1; CA5 FP1: Priority Setting & Adoption Analyses CA5: Barley for Africa and Asia - Multi-purpose barley production technologies to meet food, feed and fodder demands in the dry regions of Africa and Asia (Barley for Africa and Asia) Target Countries: Ethiopia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Turkey

Objective 4: Complete baseline data reports for barley in target countries and publish results Location(s): Ethiopia Method(s): 1. Mapping barley distribution in Ethiopia using remote sensing imagery for 2013-14

Research Output(s): Barley distribution GIS map for Ethiopia Research Outcome(s): Identification of regions in ESA where barley is grown and establishment of strategic R4D priorities for these areas. National programs, NGOs and other stakeholders can use the information for better targeting.

12

1.6: FP1; CA6 FP1: Priority Setting & Adoption Analyses CA6: Pearl millet for East Africa and South Asia - Improving food security and incomes with productive, nutritious multi-purpose pearl millet hybrids

Objective 4: Complete baseline data reports for pearl millet in SA & ESA and publish results Location(s): Ethiopia, India Method(s): 1. Mapping pearl millet distribution in Ethiopia using remote sensing imagery for 2013-14 2. Continuing deciphering drought adaptation information for pearl millet in India

Research Output(s): GIS maps for pearl millet in Ethiopia. Improved understanding of drought-adaptation mechanisms Research Outcome(s): National programs, NGOs and other stakeholders can use the information for better targeting.

63

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production technologies for East and Southern Africa and South Asia (Pearl millet for ESA & SA) Target Countries: India (Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh); East Africa (Tanzania, Sudan)

Objective 6: Publish adoption tracking and impact assessment for pearl millet in SA & ESA under phase 1 Location(s): India Method(s): 1. Impact assessment of adoption of PMHPRC bred pearl millet hybrids at farmers fields in India Gender: Gender-disaggregated information for impact of pearl millet hybrids

Research Output(s): Publication of adoption tracking and impact assessment information for pearl millet in SA. Research Outcome(s): Strategic R4D and priority setting are possible at national and regional levels.

1.7: FP1; CA7 FP1: Priority Setting & Adoption Analyses CA7: Sorghum for South Asia Target Countries: India

No activities this year. 0

2.1. FP2; CA1 FP2: Improved Varieties & Hybrids CA1: Sorghum for West & Central Africa - Supporting famers transition from subsistence to market orientation with productive, nutritious, photoperiod-sensitive sorghum production packages for multiple uses in West & Central Africa (Sorghum for WCA) Target Countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria

Objective 1: Establish, confirm or enhance heterotic pools for main target group of hybrids. Location(s): Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Mali Method(s): 1. Analysis of proposed heterotic pools for hybrid sorghum breeding across the West-African Savannah zones, based on genetic diversity analysis 2. Assessment of grain Fe & Zn levels in samples collected from 2015 rainy season trials each conducted in 3 replications at ISC Gender: Women- and men-farmer preferred hybrids identified for use by processing industries in Nigeria

Research Output(s): Heterotic pools/breeding populations established and improved for target ecologies and priority traits. Research Outcome(s): Improved farmer-preferred varieties/hybrids for target ecologies available through a sound, steady and targeted breeding pipeline.

1,141

Objective 2: Increase hybrid breeding efficiency using molecular tools Location(s): Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria Method(s): 1. Marker detection for fertility restoration gene for A1 cms

Research Output(s): Markers for fertility restoration gene A1 cms; Hybrid parents for Nigeria Research Outcome(s): Farmer-preferred improved varieties/ hybrids available with desirable traits.

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2. Targeted testcrossing for fertility reaction determination, backcrossing for female parent A/B line development for N. and S. Sudanian zone 3. Development of sorghum hybrid parents for Nigeria for adaptation to Northern guinea zone, and processing requirements from industries 4. Comparison of marker-assisted backcrossing and conventional backcrossing as means of transferring gene block(s) for male-fertility restoration into inbred lines having demonstrated combining ability for F1 hybrid production for Niger and Senegal.

Objective 3: Improve targeted recurrent population and line development using new molecular tools for enhanced efficiency Location(s): Mali, Nigeria Methods: 1. Development of BCNAM population with CSM63E as recurrent parent, and coordinate with partners 2. Identification of genomic regions, and possibly SNP markers associated with specific trait expressions 3. Quantification of diversity of BCNAM parental lines 4. Advancement of 'Population Guinea naine diversifie' 5. LeasyScan assessment of BCNAM populations in Lata3 background (from Mali) Gender: Several of the traits of focus such as ease of harvesting, threshing, and quality of grain are priority traits for women farmers who grow and use sorghum in Mali and WCA.

Research Output(s): Populations developed and characterized. Diversity enhanced. Research Outcome(s): Farmer-preferred improved varieties/ hybrids available in short turnaround times.

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Objective 4: Improve grain and stover quality traits, including grain micronutrient content. Location(s): Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Mali Method(s): Refinement of calibrations of NIRS of sorghum for stover and grain traits, and large-scale scanning of breeding materials Gender: Contribution to nutritional qualities of grain (high Fe and Zn) thus improving nutrition of women and children. Stover quality for small ruminants is also a trait of importance to women farmers.

Research Output(s): Refined NIRS calibrations for screening of sorghum stover and grain traits. Research Outcome(s): Increase in sorghum production and wide use by industries as farmer-preferred hybrid and OPVs are made available.

Objective 5: Deliver sorghum and associated crop cultivar options for crop-livestock integrated systems in WCA Location(s): Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria Method(s): 1. Development, evaluation and release of multipurpose sorghums for specific production ecologies and uses 2. Evaluation and demonstration of elite sorghum varieties and hybrids for specific production ecologies and uses Gender: Selected varieties are recommended for specific uses including industrial and household utilization and for income generation. Small and medium scale processing and house hold utilization is dominated by women process.

Research Output(s): Improved varieties or hybrids of each dryland cereal crop adopted by 2% farmers in at least one country in each target region for the crop, over the 2015 baseline. Research Outcome(s): Farmer-preferred improved varieties/ hybrids available for crop-livestock integrated farming systems.

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2.2. FP2; CA2 FP2: Improved Varieties & Hybrids CA2: Pearl Millet for West & Central Africa - Improving food security for subsistence smallholder farmers in West and Central Africa with productive and nutritious pearl millet food, feed and fodder production technologies (Pearl millet for WCA) Target Countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal

Objective 1: Establish, confirm or enhance breeding populations and/or heterotic pools for target ecologies through appropriate pre-breeding interventions. Location(s): Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria Method(s): 1. Multi-locational trials of population-cycle bulks & experimental open-pollinated varieties based on the most advanced Burkina Yellow-Grained Population 2. Advancement of population based on the variety cross of SOSAT-C88 and ICRI-Tabi (& its reciprocal) 3. GWAS, phenotyping & GBS-SNP haplotype allele calls for the West African component of ICRISAT's Pearl Millet inbred Germplasm Association Panel (WCA-PMiGAP) 4. Evaluation of pearl millet landrace germplasm & breeding lines for resistance to the millet head miner

Research Output(s): Seed of variety trial set prepared & distributed to national program partners for rainy season 2016 Research Outcome(s): Steady pipeline established and available for the delivery of improved farmer-preferred varieties/hybrids for target ecologies.

1,297

Objective 4: Development of integrated selection tools for improving adaptation/resistance to specific stress conditions (e.g. low-P, Al-toxicity, Striga & terminal drought) Location(s): Niger, Nigeria Method(s): 1. Identification of genomic regions, and possibly SNP markers associated with Striga resistance in Maiwa types of pearl millet

Research Output(s): Molecular markers for Striga resistance Research Outcome(s): Increase in pearl millet production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred hybrid and OPVs are made available.

2.3: FP2; CA3 FP2: Improved Varieties & Hybrids CA3: Sorghum for East & Southern Africa - Drought tolerant, highly productive, multi-use sorghum varieties and hybrids for food and processing uses in the dry lowlands of

Objective 1: Establishment, confirmation or enhancement of heterotic pools for main target group of hybrids. Location(s): Ethiopia Method(s): 1. Purify/field test 2300 new striga introgressed A/B/R lines at Melkasa- Ethiopia

Research Output(s): Selections of improved material from Striga introgressed lines Research Outcome(s): Increase in sorghum production for different end uses.

832

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East and Southern Africa (Sorghum for ESA) Target Countries: Ethiopia, Mozambique, Sudan, Tanzania

Objective 2: Development of superior hybrids with adaptation to drylands and with end-use quality traits Location(s): Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Sudan and Uganda Method(s): 1. Evaluation of selected hybrids (25-49) across agro-ecologies in Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Sudan and Uganda Gender: Participatory hybrid selection involving women and youth across the agro-ecologies to include gender-based trait preferences

Research Outputs: Evaluation data of selected improved hybrids. Research Outcome(s): Increased grain and stover yield; Decrease in the length of hunger period, increase in storage/stock, increase in availability; decrease of failed acreage, increase in climate-adaptable cultivars, reduced environmental footprint

Objective 3: Identification of farmer-preferred hybrids for dissemination in target production ecologies Location(s): Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania Method(s): 1. Participatory hybrid selection trials (8-10 hybrids) across target agro-ecologies in Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia Gender: Participatory hybrid selection involving women and youth across target agro-ecologies

Research Output(s): Sorghum varieties facilitated for release in target countries. Research Outcome(s): Increase in sorghum production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred hybrid and OPVs are made available.

Objective 4: Develop early generation materials of sorghum with adaptability and resistance to chronic biotic and abiotic stresses Location(s): Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania Method(s): 1. Conventional and molecular (MAS) approaches to develop early generations with resistance to drought, leaf diseases (leaf blight and anthracnose), midge and Striga with adaptation to dry lowland and sub-humid agro-ecologies

Research Output(s): Early generation materials with adaptability and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses Research Outcome(s): Increase in sorghum production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred hybrid and OPVs are made available.

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Objective 5: Evaluate advanced generations of sorghum with resistance to Striga, midge and drought and with multiple end uses for stability and adaptability Location(s): Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania Method(s): Preliminary (49-100 entries) and advanced (16-25 entries) trials of sorghum lines with multiple traits (Striga, midge, drought tolerance) and end-uses (food, feed and malting) Gender: Participatory on-station selection involving women and youth across the agro-ecologies

Research Output(s): Information on Striga tolerance on 25 sorghum lines in the variety/hybrid development pipeline. Research Outcome(s): Increase in sorghum production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred hybrid and OPVs are made available.

Objective 7: Improved multiple use sorghum hybrids and varieties with adaptation to key biotic and abiotic stresses available for release Location(s): Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania Method(s): 1. Generate data to facilitate release of at least 1 variety/hybrid each in Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia

Research Output(s): Data for release of at least one variety/hybrid each in Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia Research Outcome(s): Increase in sorghum production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred hybrid and OPVs are made available.

2.4: FP2; CA4 FP2: Improved Varieties & Hybrids CA4: Finger millet for East and Southern Africa - Improving nutritional security with productive and nutritious finger millet production technologies for East and Southern Africa (Finger millet for ESA) Target Countries: Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda

Objective 2: Establish germplasm collection gaps for targeted collections and generate detailed genetic diversity information using morphological and molecular tools for characterization Location(s): Tanzania, Uganda Method(s): 1. Characterize germplasm collected in 2014 from Tanzania and Uganda Gender: Gender-specific traits considered during characterization, and accessions with traits specifically preferred by women identified.

Research Output(s): New finger millet germplasm collections, and information on their characteristics regarding yield, stability and grain quality. Research Outcome(s): Steady pipeline established and available for the delivery of improved farmer-preferred varieties/hybrids for target ecologies.

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Objective 3: Identify stable sources of resistance ot blast and Striga in finger millet Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda Method(s): 1. Screen germplasm for resistance to blast and Striga 2. Pre-breeding for identification of new sources of resistance to blast and Striga Gender: Participatory identification of farmer-preferred lines that can be improved further through introgression of resistance to blast and Striga

Research Output(s): Finger millet mapping populations for Striga resistance, blast resistance Research Outcome(s): Increase in finger millet production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available.

Objective 4: Identify finger millet varieties for drought resistance and desired head and grain characteristics Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda Method(s): 1. Screen of 25 potential drought resistant varieites in sites ideal for drought screening in at least two countries in ESA. Gender: Women and youth actively involved in evaluation of the varieties

Research Output(s): Finger millet varieties for drought resistance and desired head and grain characteristics Research Outcome(s): Increase in finger millet production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available.

Objective 5: Develop breeding populations and lines with resistance to drought and problem soils as well as with resistance to Striga and blast and with farmer / end-user preferred traits Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda Method(s): 1. Advancement of breeding populations for resistance to blast, striga and drought; high nutrient content and desired traits like snapping quality and non-lodging. 2. Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) using finger millet populations segregating for Ca, Fe and Zn

Research Output(s): Finger millet lines of different durations for various target agro-ecologies; data for release for at least one finger millet variety in Ethiopia and Uganda. Research Outcome(s): Increase in finger millet production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available.

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3. Development of early generation mapping population for snapping trait in Finger millet Gender: Traits preferred by women and youth considered in selection and advancement.

Objective 6: Test high-yielding varieties in regional multi-environment trials (MET) in representative sites of the targeted agro-ecologies in the target countries to establish adaptability and stability in performance Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya Method(s): 1. MET trials (25 entries) for the major traits (Striga, blast, drought plus Striga) 2. Participatory variety selection trials of promising varieties (6-8) across target agro-ecologies Gender: Women and youth actively involved in the evaluation of the varieties

Research Output(s): Data on multi-environmental variety trials Research Outcome(s): Increase in finger millet production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available.

Objective 7: Improve grain and stover quality traits, including grain micronutrient content Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda Method(s): 1. Evaluate nutrient-dense finger millet accessions for nutrient stability across agro-ecologies in at least 2 countries. 2. Profile 100 finger millet lines for nutrient content and quality attributes

Research Output(s): Grain nutrient profiles of 100 popular finger millet varieties; information on nutrient accumulation levels under different agro-ecologies. Research Outcome(s): Increase in finger millet production and use for different end uses, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available.

2.5: FP2; CA5 FP2: Improved Varieties & Hybrids CA5: Barley for Africa and Asia - Multi-purpose barley production technologies to meet food, feed and fodder demands in the dry regions of Africa and Asia (Barley for Africa and Asia)

Objective 1: Establish and improve breeding populations for target agro-ecologies Location(s): Ethiopia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Turkey Method(s): 1. Improve breeding programs for high- & low-input, spring and winter barley, in representative locations through implementation of shuttle breeding according

Research Output(s): Improved breeding populations for target ecologies. Research Outcome(s): Steady development of varieties by faster identification and promotion of germplasm (for better adaptation, high productivity, enhanced quality, and enhanced pest/disease resistance) through the use of current methodologies that combine classical and

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Target Countries: Ethiopia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Turkey

to needs (within Morocco, Lebanon, Turkey as well as between countries at platforms targeting malt, feed, forage and food uses.) 2. Regular updating of the crossing block with new barley varieties for conducting the crossing program of winter barley for different breeding objectives. 3. Enriching the gene bank holding with new diversity through targeted collection missions (tolerance/resistance to heat, drought, salinity and insect pests). 4. Development of FIGS subsets for major biotic and abiotic stresses and their joint evaluation with ICARDA and NARS partners. 5. Pre-breeding using wild relatives of barley, mainly Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum. 6. Constitution and supply of 9 different international nurseries and trials consisting of nearly 700 new genotypes and maintenance of their seed health to provide clean and disease-free barley germplasm to partners across more than 40 countries globally. Gender: Participatory variety selection; incorporation of non-neck-breaking trait to protect falling of spikes during harvesting (reduced drudgery).

molecular breeding tools. Germplasm carrying source of resistance to planned biotic stresses is identified, distributed and used in breeding programs for incorporation into already accepted varieties or in new varieties to come.

Objective 3: Develop molecular, biochemical and physiological tools for increased efficiency of breeding selections Location(s): Iran, India, Ethiopia, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Turkey Method(s): 1. Genome Wide Association studies for new traits (YR, LR, SR, Drought, Salinity) in barley [Yield and Quality traits continued (Grain and Straw quality)].

Research Output(s): Molecular markers and genetic associations for resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and for quality traits. Research Outcome(s): Increase in barley production and use for different end uses by small-holder farmers in the target countries, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available.

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Objective 4: Improve grain yield and biomass production Location(s): Iran, India, Ethiopia, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Turkey Method(s): 1. Improvement of dual purpose barley for forage and straw for livestock Gender: Dual-purpose barley cultivars to help local livestock management by women farmers

Research Output(s): Farmer-preferred barley varieties with enhanced and stable yields across different target ecologies. Research Outcome(s): Increase in barley production and use for different end uses by small-holder farmers in the target countries, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available.

Objective 5: Improve grain and stover quality traits, including grain micronutrient content Location(s): Iran, India, Ethiopia, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Turkey Method(s): 1. Evaluation for Fe, Zn and beta-glucan content, malting quality and straw quality with NIR and traditional means

Research Output(s): Barley accessions with improved micronutrient contents for use in breeding programs. Research Outcome(s): Increase in barley production and use for different end uses by small-holder farmers in the target countries, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available.

Objective 6: Improve tolerance or resistance to biotic stresses Location(s): Iran, India, Ethiopia, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Turkey Method(s): 1. Distribution of biotic-stress-resistant nurseries. 2. Sources of resistance in the existing breeding germplasm will be identified for incorporation in the elite cultivar/variety. 3. Use of hotspots for screening of each disease / pest.

Research Output(s): Barley germplasm sources combining grain quality and yield stability traits. Research Outcome(s): Increase in barley production and use for different end uses by small-holder farmers in the target countries, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available.

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Objective 7: Improve tolerance or resistance to abiotic stresses Location(s): Iran, India, Ethiopia, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Turkey Method(s): 1. Identification of drought and heat tolerant spring barley germplasm and their use in barley breeding program 2. Development of efficient screening methodologies for physiological traits for drought and heat tolerance in barley 3. Identification of winter/cold tolerant genotypes in winter barley and their use in barley breeding program

Research Output(s): Barley germplasm sources with improved tolerance or resistance to drought and heat for use in breeding programs. Research Outcome(s): Increase in barley production and use for different end uses by small-holder farmers in the target countries, as farmer-preferred varieties are made available.

2.6: FP2; CA6 FP2: Improved Varieties & Hybrids CA6: Pearl millet for East Africa and South Asia - Improving food security and incomes with productive, nutritious multi-purpose pearl millet hybrids production technologies for East & Southern Africa and South Asia (Pearl millet for ESA & SA) Target Countries: India (Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh); East Africa (Tanzania, Sudan)

Objective 1: Genetic diversification of dual-purpose hybrid parents with improved disease resistance for relatively better endowed agro-ecologies in SA Location(s): India Method(s): 1. Monitoring virulence spectrum of pearl millet downy mildew (DM) and blast pathogen populations through on-farm surveys and disease nurseries 2. Characterization of virulence diversity of blast and DM pathogen isolates on host differentials to select pathogen isolates for greenhouse screening of breeding material 3. Screening of advanced breeding materials and segregating populations for downy mildew and blast reaction 4. Development of trait-specific, adaptation-specific, nutritionally rich and disease resistant diverse hybrid parents (both seed and restorer parents), their multi-

Research Output(s): New breeding materials available. Research Outcome(s): (1) Researchers knowledge and access to diverse groups of hybrid parents increased to develop superior hybrids. (2) Hybrids in India have increased cytoplasmic and nuclear diversity. (3) Hybrids available to NARS and private sector (country-wise) for up-scaling.

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location evaluation under diverse ecologies and distribution to partners 5. Generation of information on heterotic pools existing in available pearl millet hybrid parents and populations (both Asian and African); and standardization of genomic selection models in pearl millet using diverse sets of hybrid parents as training populations

Objective 2: Develop early-maturing hybrid parents adapted to drought-prone arid agro-ecology in SA Location(s): India Method(s): 1. Drought-adaptation trials in farmers field in western Rajasthan to identify promising hybrids and hybrid parents. 2. Development of tools for genomic selection to develop superior parental lines and hybrids. 3. Functional validation of the T1 transgenic tobacco plants generated for the Pearl millet Aqp PIP2;6 gene. 4. Development of and characterization of T1 tobacco transgenics from stress inducible promoters.

Research Output(s): Early-maturing hybrid parents Research Outcome(s): Improved productivity and yield stability of farmer-preferred hybrids.

Objective 3: Develop hybrid parents for resistance to flowering- stage high temperature, and saline environments Location(s): India Method(s): 1. Multi-locational evaluation of breeding materials in heat stress ecology (Gujarat, Rajasthan, UP) 2. Development of bi-parental mapping populations and association mapping panel for flowering-stage heat tolerance Gender: Availability of higher yielding hybrids with high heat stress adaptation will improve the

Research Output(s): Hybrid parents with resistance to flowering-stage high temperature and salinity. Research Outcome(s): Improved productivity and yield stability of farmer-preferred hybrids.

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nutritional status of women in pearl millet consuming communities

Objective 4: Diversify seed parents and restorers of CMS systems developed in SA Location(s): India Method(s): 1. Development of pearl millet hybrids using 130 CMS and R- lines from India and Mali 2. Conversion of diverse seed parents to A4 and A5 cytoplasmic backgrounds; and conversion of pollinators to restorers to A4 and A5 CMS systems 3. Mapping and development of breeder-friendly marker kit for A1 & A4-systems of fertility restoration in pearl millet Gender: Gender-specific trait and cultivar preferences addressed.

Research Output(s): Diverse seed parents and restorers for pearl millet hybrids. Research Outcome(s): (1) Hybrids available to NARS and private sector (country-wise) for up-scaling in ESA region. (2) Breeders will develop hybrids to increase crop-livestock efficiency of farms. Farmers have option of using pearl millet as biofuel crop.

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Objective 5: Identify farmer- and market-preferred hybrids for dissemination in ESA and standardize seed production systems Location(s): Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan Method(s): 1. Evaluate two sets of hybrids (30 hybrids developed from ESA and 25 developed from India across agro-ecologies in Kenya, Tanzania and Sudan 2. Profiling of 100 pearl millet lines for nutrient content 3. Evaluation of 3 pearl millet maturity groups ( early, medium and high) in at least two countries (Kenya, Tanzania or Sudan) Gender: Participatory hybrid selection involving women and youth across the agro-ecologies for gender-based trait preferences

Research Output(s): Farmer- and market-preferred hybrids and standardized seed production systems. Research Outcome(s): (1) Hybrids available to NARS and private sector (country-wise) for up-scaling in ESA region. (2) Breeders will develop hybrids to increase crop-livestock efficiency of farms. Farmers have option of using pearl millet as biofuel crop.

Objective 6: Develop superior high-biomass hybrid parents and populations for forage use Location(s): India Method(s): 1. Generation of interspecific crosses involving P. violaceum accessions and pearl millet forage cultivars/germplasm 2. Evaluation of high-biomass hybrids (top crosses and 3-way hybrids) along with parents in target ecologies to identify high biomass and high quality forage hybrids.

Research Output(s): Information on genetic effects and stability of forage quality traits is available. Research Outcome(s): Breeders will develop hybrids to increase crop-livestock efficiency of farms.

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2.7: FP2; CA7 FP2: Improved Varieties & Hybrids CA7: Sorghum for South Asia - Multi-purpose post-rainy season sorghum hybrid production technologies for improving food and fodder availability in the driest regions of South Asia (Sorghum for SA) Target Countries: India (Karnataka, Maharashtra)

Objective 3: Develop molecular, biochemical and physiological tools for increased efficiency of breeding selections. Location(s): India: Karnataka, Maharashtra Method(s): 1. Generation of additional re-sequencing/genomic resources for developing genomic selection strategy for post-rainy sorghum.

Research Output(s): Resequencing data made available. Research Outcome(s): Accelerated genetic gain through the use of molecular breeding technologies.

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Objective 4: Improve grain yield and biomass production Location(s): India: Karnataka, Maharashtra Method(s): 1. Generation of improved post-rainy sorghum varieties, hybrid parents and hybrids. Gender: Gender-specific trait and cultivar preferences will be addressed.

Research Output(s): Improved post-rainy sorghum varieties, hybrid parents and hybrids with farmer-preferred traits. Research Outcome(s): National program partners accessing diversified post-rainy sorghum materials with farmer-preferred traits for research and commercialization.

Objective 6: Improve tolerance or resistance to biotic stresses Location(s): India: Karnataka, Maharashtra Method(s): 1. Evaluation of germplasm/breeding lines for stability of resistance. 2. Evaluation of sorghum transgenic events carrying Bt Cry genes for gene expression, inheritance and phenotype.

Research Output(s): Improved post-rainy sorghum varieties, hybrid parents and hybrids with resistance to shoot fly, stem borer and charcoal rot. Research Outcome(s): National program partners accessing diversified shoot fly and charcoal rot resistant post-rainy sorghum materials for research.

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3.1. FP3; CA1 FP3: Integrated Crop Management CA1: Sorghum for West & Central Africa - Supporting famers transition from subsistence to market orientation with productive, nutritious, photoperiod-sensitive sorghum production packages for multiple uses in West & Central Africa (Sorghum for WCA) Target Countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria

Objective 4: Test gender-preferred management practices for mixed cropping and mixed farming for sorghum in WCA Location(s): Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria Method(s): 1. Evaluation of groundnut/cowpea/bambara groundnut varieties for their capacity to adapt to intercropping with sorghum in women's fields. 2. Sorghum genotypes, micro-dosing and Striga management to improve productivity under water management technologies in Burkina Faso. 3. GxE analysis of sorghum production under micro dosing in farmers fields in Niger 4. Genotype and soil management practices in farmers' field 5. Integrated soil fertility and Striga management Gender: Low-cost improved options available for smallholder women farmers whose fields generally have low soil fertility

Research Output(s): Optimal genotype X management options for productivity improvement in sorghum in WCA Research Outcome(s): Increased productivity from the development and use of sustainable crop management options in target production areas.

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Objective 5: Test gender-preferred mechanization prospects for sorghum in WCA Location(s): Nigeria Method(s): 1. Identification and promotion of drudgery-reducing small and medium-scale sorghum production and processing technologies for use by women and youth. Gender: Mechanization options for planting and post-harvest activities that reduce drudgery for women in WCA.

Research Output(s): Gender-preferred mechanization options for production and processing of sorghum in WCA. Research Outcome(s): Increased labor saving from the development and use of mechanization solutions and the potential diversion of labor for on-farm diversification opportunities.

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3.2. FP3; CA2 FP3: Integrated Crop Management CA2: Pearl Millet for West & Central Africa - Improving food security for subsistence smallholder farmers in West and Central Africa with productive and nutritious pearl millet food, feed and fodder production technologies (Pearl millet for WCA) Target Countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal

Objective 6: Test hgnder-preferred, stand-alone and integrated pest management options for pearl millet in WCA Location(s): Niger Method(s): 1. Biological Control of the millet head miner 2. Analysis of the economic feasibility of establishing parasitoid cottage industry Gender: Acceptability of the parasitoid cottage industry by women will be evaluated.

Research Output(s): Gender-preferred, stand-alone and integrated pest management options for pearl millet in WCA Research Outcome(s): Increased crop productivity from the development and use of sustainable options in target production areas.

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Objective 7: Test gender-preferred management practices for mixed cropping and mixed farming for pearl millet in WCA Location(s): Niger Method(s): 1. Testing combinations of millet genotypes, micro-dosing and Striga management to improve productivity in Niger 2. GxE analysis under micro-dosing in farmers' fields in Niger

Research Output(s): Gender-preferred management practices for mixed cropping and mixed farming including pearl millet in WCA Research Outcome(s): Increased crop productivity from the development and use of integrated crop management solutions.

Objective 8: Test gender-preferred mechanization prospects for pearl millet in WCA Location(s): Mali Method(s): 1. Upscaling of integrated soil fertility and Striga management options Gender: Reduced drudgery in cultivation for women. Both men and women farmers will be targeted.

Research Output(s): Gender-preferred mechanization options developed for cultivation of pearl millet in WCA. Research Outcome(s): Low cost technologies for drudgery reduction for men and women farmers promoted.

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3.3: FP3; CA3 FP3: Integrated Crop Management CA3: Sorghum for East & Southern Africa - Drought tolerant, highly productive, multi-use sorghum varieties and hybrids for food and processing uses in the dry lowlands of East and Southern Africa (Sorghum for ESA) Target Countries: Ethiopia, Mozambique, Sudan, Tanzania

No activities this year

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3.4: FP3; CA4 FP3: Integrated Crop Management CA4: Finger millet for East and Southern Africa - Improving nutritional security with productive and nutritious finger millet production technologies for East & Southern Africa (Finger millet - ESA) Target Countries: Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda

Objective 4: Test gender-preferred, stand-alone and integrated crop management options for finger millet in ESA Location(s): Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda Method(s): 1. Demonstration and promotion of integrated Striga management options in at least two countries of Ethiopia, Uganda and Kenya Gender: Demonstration plots will involve those of women farmers and youth.

Research Output(s): Tailored, gender-preferred integrated crop management options Research Outcome(s): A shift towards improved and integrated agronomic practices in finger millet cultivation leading to improved productivity.

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Objective 6: Test gender-preferred mechanization prospects for finger millet in ESA Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya Method(s): 1. Validation of simple walking planters and weeders in at least two countries of Ethiopia, Tanzania and Kenya 2. Validation of oxen-drawn farming implements in at least two countries of Ethiopia, Uganda and Kenya Gender: Evaluation of farm tools will be from the perspective of gender and how women value the costs and benefits.

Research Output(s): Tailored, gender-segregated recommendation of farm tools for Finger Millet farming ; A guideline for appropriate and economically viable farm tools for target production zones in Eastern Africa. Research Outcome(s): A shift towards availing economically viable farm tools that take into consideration the needs of women and youth.

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3.5: FP3; CA5 FP3: Integrated Crop Management CA5: Barley for Africa and Asia - Multi-purpose barley production technologies to meet food, feed and fodder demands in the dry regions of Africa and Asia (Barley for Africa and Asia) Target Countries: Ethiopia, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Turkey

Objective 1: Monitor important insect-pests & diseases of barley and evaluate management options Location(s): Morocco, India Method(s): 1. Survey and disease monitoring in focal countries. 2. Management of diseases through chemical control & seed dressing in Morocco and India Gender: Capacity strengthening of men & women farmers and stakeholders (trainings, literature, field days) with separate or combined sessions for male and female farmers.

Research Output(s): Information on important insect-pests and diseases of barley, and options for their management. Research Outcome(s): Improved productivity and yield stability leading to increased food security and income.

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3.6: FP3; CA6 FP3: Integrated Crop Management CA6: Pearl millet for East Africa and South Asia - Improving food security and incomes with productive, nutritious multi-purpose pearl millet hybrids production technologies for East & Southern Africa and South Asia (Pearl millet for ESA & SA) Target Countries: India, Tanzania, Sudan

Objective 3: Test gender-preferred, stand-alone and integrated crop management options for pearl millet in SA and ESA Location(s): India Method(s): Repeat the exploration of sowing density effect in pearl millet ruling hybrids under various water regimes - Test the possibility of assessing density effect in the LeasyScan facility

Research Output(s): Gender-preferred crop management options for pearl millet. Research Outcome(s): Improved productivity and yield stability leading to increased food security and income.

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3.7: FP3; CA7 FP3: Integrated Crop Management CA7: Sorghum for South Asia - Multi-purpose post-rainy season sorghum hybrid production technologies for improving food and fodder availability in the driest regions of South Asia (Sorghum for South Asia) Target Countries: India

Objective 5: Test gender-preferred, stand-alone and integrated crop management options tested for sorghum in SA Location(s): India Method(s): 1. Explore sowing density effect in sorghum using elite lines and/or hybrids

Research Output(s): Gender-preferred crop management options for sorghum in SA. Research Outcome(s): Improved productivity and yield stability leading to increased food security and income.

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4.1. FP4; CA1 FP4: Seed Systems & Input Services CA1: Sorghum for West & Central Africa - Supporting famers transition from subsistence to market orientation with productive, nutritious, photoperiod-sensitive sorghum production packages for multiple uses in West & Central Africa (Sorghum for WCA) Target Countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria

Objective 3: Deliver information on commercial feasibility of hybrid seed production and distribution for sorghum in WCA Location(s): Mali Method(s): 1. Monitoring hybrid seed production, dissemination and feedback from buyers of hybrid sorghum seed 2. Popularization of existing improved sorghum varieties and hybrids (seed packs) Gender: Preferences of women and youth will be monitored

Research Output(s): Information on commercial feasibility of hybrid seed production and distribution for sorghum in WCA. Research Outcome(s): Increased availability of hybrid seeds, increased productivity, increased income.

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Objective 5: Support the establishment of functional seed units for sorghum in WCA Location(s): Mali Method(s): 1. Documentation of performance of at least 10 seed cooperatives that initiated hybrid seed production and dissemination in the past 3 years Gender: Role of women in seed cooperative activities, and specifically experiences of women cooperatives documented

Research Output(s): Functional seed units for sorghum in WCA involving women in seed cooperative activities. Research Outcome(s): Increased seed availability to farmers and adoption leading to increased productivity.

4.2. FP4; CA2 FP4: Seed Systems & Input Services CA2: Pearl Millet for West & Central Africa - Improving food security for subsistence smallholder farmers in West and Central Africa with productive and nutritious pearl millet food, feed and fodder production technologies (Pearl millet for WCA) Target Countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal

Objective 6: Support the establishment of functional seed units for pearl millet in WCA Location(s): Niger Method(s): 1. Documentation of performance of at least 3 seed cooperatives that initiated hybrid seed production and dissemination in the past 3 years Gender: Role of women in seed cooperative activities, and specifically experiences of women cooperatives documented

Research Output(s): Functional seed units for pearl millet in WCA involving women in seed cooperative activities. Research Outcome(s): Increased seed availability to farmers and adoption leading to increased productivity.

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4.3: FP3; CA3 FP4: Seed Systems & Input Services CA3: Sorghum for East & Southern Africa - Drought tolerant, highly productive, multi-use sorghum varieties and hybrids for food and processing uses in the dry lowlands of East and Southern Africa (Sorghum for ESA) Target Countries: Ethiopia, Mozambique, Sudan, Tanzania

Objective 4: Deliver information on commercial feasibility of hybrid seed production and distribution delivered for sorghum in ESA Location(s): At least one target country in ESA Method(s): 1. Evaluate profitability of hybrid sorghum production

Research Output(s): Reliable and profitable hybrid seed production schemes developed with stakeholders for target production systems. Research Outcome(s): Farmers in target region have access to seed of hybrids via identified, newly developed channels.

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Objective 5: Policy briefs published for seed policy interventions for sorghum in ESA Location(s): At least one target country in ESA Method(s): 1. Rapid assessment of sorghum seed supply chain constraints and suitable interventions in Kenya 2. Preparation of policy briefs and their validation in stakeholder forums. Gender: Identify the role of women and youth in seed supply chain.

Research Output(s): Reports documenting information on seed systems, including the role of women, delivered. Research Outcome(s): Farmer organizations, research partners and development actors investing in seed sector development will use insights generated for developing and enhancing their seed related activities.

Objective 6: Support the establishment of functional seed units in ESA. Location(s): At least one target country in ESA Method(s): 1. Initiation and facilitation of seed supply chain forum 2. On-station production of Breeder and Basic seed 3. Identification and Training of Smallholder seed producers and establishment of community seed banks 4. Demos, field days and sale of small-seed packs (SSPs) to promote promising and released varieties and develop linkages with seed companies. Gender: Women and youth trained in seed production to participate in community seed banks; and involved in demos, field days, and sale of SSPs.

Research Output(s): Functional seed units for sorghum in ESA involving women in seed cooperative activities. Research Outcome(s): Increased seed availability to farmers and adoption leading to increased productivity.

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4.4: FP4; CA4 FP4: Seed Systems & Input Services CA4: Finger millet for East and Southern Africa - Improving nutritional security with productive and nutritious finger millet production technologies for East and Southern Africa (Finger millet for ESA) Target Countries: Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda

Objective 6: Support the establishment of functional seed units in ESA. Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya Method(s): 1. Rapid assessment of finger millet seed supply chain constraints and suitable interventions 2. Training of farmer groups and seed producers in seed production in Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya 3. Develop Community seed banks in Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya

Research Output(s): Alternative seed delivery models and practices involving diverse actors reviewed and lessons drawn on their effectiveness and practicality for the dryland cereals. Farmers seed supply and management systems characterized to develop effective seed production and marketing models in target countries and production systems in ESA Research Outcome(s): Farmers in target region accessing seed of improved varieties via identified, newly develop channels. Area under new cultivars increased.

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4.5: FP4; CA5 FP4: Seed Systems & Input Services CA5: Barley for Africa and Asia - Multi-purpose barley production technologies to meet food, feed and fodder demands in the dry regions of Africa and Asia (Barley for Africa and Asia) Target Countries: Iran, India, Ethiopia, Morocco, Kazakhstan, Turkey

Objective 4: Establishment of functional seed units supported for barley in target countries. Location(s): Ethiopia, Iran Method(s): 1. Popularization and demonstration of barley technologies. 2. Multiplication of early-generation (breeder, pre-basic and basic ) seed of barley multiplied 3. Certified seed of barley multiplied through public seed enterprises, farmer groups or cooperatives. Gender: Both male and female farmers will be targeted for hosting demonstrations. Both male and female (10%) farmers will be engaged in certified seed production in Ethiopia.

Research Output(s): Suitable, feasible, formal (public or private) and informal community-based seed production and delivery systems are adopted and implemented. Research Outcome(s): Farmers in target region accessing seed of improved varieties via identified, newly develop channels. Area under new cultivars increased.

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Objective 5: Facilitation of alternative barley seed delivery systems through seed producer groups or cooperatives Location(s): Ethiopia Methods:

Research Output(s): Suitable, feasible, formal (public or private) and informal community-based seed production and delivery systems are adopted and implemented. Research Outcome(s): Farmers in target region accessing seed of

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1. Distribution of small-seed packs of barley for certified seed and 'quality seed' production through farmer groups or cooperatives. 2. Training of trainers of stakeholders in seed technology Gender: Both male and female (10%) farmers will be engaged in on-farm seed production and trained in seed technology.

improved varieties via identified, newly develop channels. Area under new cultivars increased.

4.6: FP4; CA6 FP4: Seed Systems & Input Services CA6: Pearl millet for East Africa and South Asia - Improving food security and incomes with productive, nutritious multi-purpose pearl millet hybrids production technologies for East & Southern Africa and South Asia (Pearl millet for ESA & SA) Target Countries: India (Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh); East Africa (Tanzania, Sudan)

Objective 5: Support the establishment of functional seed units for pearl millet in SA and ESA. Location(s): India (Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh); East Africa (Tanzania, Sudan) Method(s): 1. Train farmer groups and seed producers in seed production in Tanzania and Kenya 2. Develop community seed banks in Tanzania and Kenya Gender: Women farmer groups trained and involved in the development of community seed banks.

Research Output(s): Functional seed units for pearl millet in SA and ESA involving women in seed cooperative activities. Research Outcome(s): Increased seed availability to farmers and adoption leading to increased productivity.

443

4.7: FP4; CA7 FP4: Seed Systems & Input Services CA7: Sorghum for South Asia - Multi-purpose post-rainy season sorghum hybrid production technologies for improving food and fodder availability in the driest regions of South Asia (Sorghum for SA) Target Countries: India (Karnataka, Maharashtra)

Objective 4: Deliver information on commercial hybrid seed production and distribution for sorghum in SA Location(s): Maharashtra state in India Method(s): Transfer of improved post-rainy hybrid parents, and hybrids to partners for studying adaptation and feasibility of seed multiplication

Research Output(s): Farmer groups in addition to public and private sector actively engaged in post-rainy sorghum seed production and commercialization Research Outcome(s): Post-rainy sorghum farmers have access to improved post-rainy sorghum varieties and hybrids

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5.1. FP5; CA1 FP5: Post-Harvest Value & Output Markets CA1: Sorghum for West & Central Africa - Supporting famers transition from subsistence to market orientation with productive, nutritious, photoperiod-sensitive sorghum production packages for multiple uses in West & Central Africa (Sorghum for WCA) Target Countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria

Objective 8: Establish pilot value-chain incubator(s) for sorghum in WCA Location(s): Mali Method(s): Initiate and establish pilot value-chain incubator for sorghum and pearl millet. Gender: Engage at least 25% women as clients of the Incubator

Research Output(s): Pilot value-chain incubators. Research Outcome(s): Local entrepreneurs supported for ag-related employment and income while promoting the production and on-farm income from sorghum cultivation.

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5.2. FP5; CA2 FP5: Post-Harvest Value & Output Markets CA2: Pearl Millet for West & Central Africa - Improving food security for subsistence smallholder farmers in West and Central Africa with productive and nutritious pearl millet food, feed and fodder production technologies (Pearl millet for WCA) Target Countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal

Refer to the above objective that will be addressed for sorghum and pearl millet together.

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5.3: FP5; CA3 FP5: Post-Harvest Value & Output Markets CA3: Sorghum for East & Southern Africa - Drought tolerant, highly productive, multi-use sorghum varieties and hybrids for food and processing uses in the dry lowlands of East and Southern Africa (Sorghum for ESA) Target Countries: Ethiopia, Mozambique, Sudan, Tanzania

Objective 7: Establish or scale up pilot value-chain incubator(s) for sorghum in ESA Location(s): Tanzania, Kenya Method(s): 1. Promote use of charcoal ovens for sorghum product diversification 2. Sustain and scale up the established pilot value-chain incubator for sorghum and others Gender: Train women and youth in value addition. Engage at least 25% women as clients of the Incubator.

Research Output(s): Pilot value-chain incubators. Research Outcome(s): Local entrepreneurs supported for ag-related employment and income while promoting the production and on-farm income from sorghum cultivation.

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5.4: FP5; CA4 FP5: Post-Harvest Value & Output Markets CA4: Finger millet for East and Southern Africa - Improving nutritional security with productive and nutritious finger millet production technologies for East and Southern Africa (Finger millet - ESA) Target Countries: Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda

Objective 4: Deliver market briefs to highlight investment opportunities and policy interventions for finger millet in ESA Location(s): Tanzania, Uganda Method(s): 1. Prepare market-briefs and validate them in stakeholder forums.

Research Output(s): Market briefs identifying investment opportunities and necessary policy interventions Research Outcome(s): Increased awareness of opportunities and roadblocks for finger millet production and marketing.

51

Objective 7: Deliver gender-preferred mechanization options for finger millet processing in ESA Location(s): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda Method(s): 1. Identify, validate and pilot simple threshing machines. 2. Pilot and promote charcoal ovens for baking finger millet based products Gender: Testing post-harvest equipment with farmers including women to ensure practicality and utility to both genders

Research Output(s): Gender-preferred post-harvest equipment tested and demonstrated. Research Outcome(s): Farmers access gender friendly technology. Farmers save labor in post-harvest handling that can be redirected to other productive activities.

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5.5: FP5; CA5 FP5: Post-Harvest Value & Input Markets CA5: Barley for Africa and Asia - Multi-purpose barley production technologies for food, feed and fodder in the dry regions of Africa & Asia (Barley for Africa & Asia) Target Countries: Iran, India, Turkey, Ethiopia, Morocco, Kazakhstan,

Objective 1: Evaluate grain processing characteristics; develop standardization of value-added products Location(s): Morocco Method(s): 1. Establishment and standardization of micro-malting facility at ICARDA, Morocco, for evaluation of malting-quality traits

Research Output(s): Micro-malting facility for quality assessment of smallholder barley varieties in the dryland regions. Research Outcome(s): Breeders aware of the quality aspects to focus on. Industry and consumers have information on malting performance of prevalent barley varieties grown by smallholder farmers in dryland regions.

98

5.6: FP5; CA6 FP5: Post-Harvest Value & Output Markets CA6: Pearl millet for East Africa and South Asia - Improving food security and incomes with productive, nutritious multi-purpose pearl millet hybrids production technologies for East & Southern Africa and South Asia Target Countries: India, Tanzania, Sudan

Objective 1: Pilot value-chain incubator(s) for pearl millet in SA and ESA Location(s): India Method(s): Initiate and establish pilot value-chain incubator for pearl millet and other crops. Gender: Engage at least 25% women as clients of the Incubator.

Research Output(s): Pilot value-chain incubators including women. Research Outcome(s): Local entrepreneurs supported for ag-related employment and income while promoting the production and on-farm income from sorghum cultivation.

108

5.7: FP5; CA7 FP5: Post-Harvest Value & Output Markets CA7: Sorghum for South Asia - Multi-purpose post-rainy season sorghum hybrid production technologies for improving food and fodder availability in the driest regions of South Asia (Sorghum for SA) Target Countries: India

Objective 5: Identify value chains with highest commercial potential and upscale with partners for sorghum in SA Location(s): India Method(s): Identification of techno-commercial business opportunities on Sorghum value chain and sensitization with potential partners. Gender: Include minimum 25% women entrepreneurs on sorghum-based product business opportunities with IIMR / PJAU

Research Output(s): Value chains with highest commercial potential identified. Research Outcome(s): Local entrepreneurs supported for ag-related employment and income while promoting the production and on-farm income from sorghum cultivation.

72

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Table 2 Planned CRP gender research budget: expected gender research results and associated budget

Level of organisation within the cRP Expected Gender research results as described in Table 1 Planned gender research budget

($ 000s)

Level n-1: Flagship Projects that contribute to the CRP gender IDO and if relevant other IDOs that have a gender dimension

Expected progress toward the CRPs gender IDO and if relevant other IDOs that have gender equity dimension. Indicate, where relevant, the geographical areas of focus

Use one row per Flagship (same numbering system as in Table 1) and indicate for each Flagship the type of expenses concerned (e.g., capacity strengthening in gender research, collaboration with other CRPs,...) so it is clear there is no double counting with funds in the Clusters of activities below. For instance: Flagship 1(title), for capacity strengthening of development partners along the value chain

Indicate the funds planned for gender research in each Flagship, which are in addition to the funds in the Clusters of activities. No double counting please.

Cluster of Activities and Objectives in Dryland Cereals fit within the Flagship Projects, and therefore activities are presented for each Cluster of Activities (CA) within the associated Flagship Project in the section below. The activities described below fit into: (1) the overarching gender strategy of the program, and (2) the Cluster of Activities within each Flagship Project.

Level n-2: Cluster of activities Expected research outcomes and outputs that have a gender/equity dimension (from Table 1).

Indicate the funds planned for gender research in Cluster 1.3, to produce all the research outcomes and outputs listed for this Cluster

Use one row per relevant Cluster of activities For instance: Cluster of activities 1.3 (title)

o Gender research outcome 1.3.a : (title) o Gender output 1.3.b: (title)

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Role of gender in PVS and the science of breeding (Continuation from 2015): Identify how preference data are collected and defined (in PVS, in adoption studies, etc.) and used by breeders and others working on development and delivery of improved varieties to meet the needs of women and men smallholders. Methods: quantitative and qualitative analysis. Will contribute to IDO1 Productivity 40%; IDO2 Increased & Stable Access 40%; IDO5 Increased Capacity to Adapt 20%. Geographical focus: Dryland Cereals Focus Countries (falls under CRP overarching strategic gender research)

Hiring and Training of Post Doc in Gender & PVC; Reports describing the use of gender in preferences for crop traits in the product lines; support for breeders in using gender analysis to guide work in bio-physical science; Collaboration with A4NH, GL and Universities (Partly funded by the CO Gender Network.)

200

Global study on Gender Norms, Agency & Innovation in Agriculture (Continuation from 2015): This gender study involves comparative case study research that applies a standardized qualitative methodology to build understanding of changing gender norms and agency in the context of agricultural or NRM innovation. The study objectives are to: Provide robust empirical evidence on the relationship between gender norms, agency and agricultural innovation, and how these interactions support or hinder the achievement of the Intermediate Development Objectives (IDO) in the grain legumes research. Will contribute to IDO1 Productivity 40%; IDO2 Increased & Stable Access 40%;IDO5 Increased Capacity to Adapt 20%. Geographical focus: Mali, Burkina Faso & Niger (other regions of interest to Dryland Cereal focus are covered under other CRP case studies.) (falls under CRP overarching strategic gender research)

Collaboration with 12 other CRPs on reports and publications; reports documenting interaction of gender norms with DC innovations in targeted communities; support for scientists and community on best practices for technological adoption

100

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Gender Analysis of "the role of weeds" in breeding for barley and pearl millet in village communities (Continuation from 2015) The aim is to develop a comparative case study to illustrate how scientists can integrate gender into their bio-physical work at both conception of research and application of findings in communities. Will contribute to IDO1 Productivity 35%; IDO2 Increased & Stable Access 35%; IDO3 Increased Consumption 30%.; Geographical Area: Niger and Morocco (falls under CRP overarching strategic gender research)

Collaboration with breeders in ICRISAT-Niger and ICARDA Morocco

20

Additional Budget items include salary with benefits for Scientist, salary of the scientific officer, travel costs, office and transportation expenses for the gender team in Bamako.

180

FP1. CA 1, 2 - Objective 4: Complete baseline data reports and publish results. Limited macro-level analysis of gender disaggregated information. CA 1, 2, 4, 6 - Objective 6: Publication of gender-disaggregated adoption tracking and impact assessment under phase 1

1. Gender-disaggregated information on crop production trends, input use, crop uses, key environment and livelihood indicators, and farmer typologies for target production zones. 2. Publication of gender-disaggregated adoption tracking and impact assessment information.

40

FP2.CA1 to CA7.Objective 1: Establish, confirm or enhance breeding populations and/or heterotic pools for target ecologies through appropriate pre-breeding interventions.

Preferences of men and women farmers analyzed and included in breeding interventions.

600

FP2.CA1 to CA7.Objective 2: Improve grain and stover quality traits, including grain micronutrient content

Women- and men-farmer preferred hybrids identified for use by processing industries

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FP3.CA1 to CA7.Objective 1: Sustainable crop management options developed in target production areas.

Past studies have established that differences in access to information and other inputs is not uniform over gender and education groups. Special efforts will be made to capture these differences and factor them in the analysis. Gender specific issues will be highlighted and alternatives will be provided to effectively address them. Special attention will be paid to make the information available to women through women groups and organizations.

150

FP3.CA1 to CA7.Objective 4: Appropriate mechanization options for cultivation developed.

Evaluation of farm tools will be made from the perspective of gender and how women value the costs and benefits; Data will be gender-disaggregated in all instances where there is gender differentiated behavior or preference.

FP3.CA5.Objective 1: Capacity strengthening of men & women farmers and stakeholders (trainings, literature, field days) with separate or combined sessions for male and female farmers.

Capacity strengthening of men & women farmers and stakeholders (trainings, literature, field days) with separate or combined sessions for male and female farmers.

FP4.CA1 to CA7.Objective 1: Test appropriate seed supply models and facilitate their implementation. Develop gender-sensitive, demand-driven seed value chains for specific variety types and region-specific socio-economic situations.

Women' roles and needs, as well as those of young farmers will be evaluated, documented and used for developing strategies with partners

200

FP4.CA1 to CA7.Objective 3: Establish and/or support functional seed units

Women farmers will be actively engaged and targeted in the seed production

FP4.CA1 to CA7.Objective 1: Commercial feasibility of hybrid seed production and distribution evaluated and implementation facilitated

Women farmers will be actively engaged and targeted in the seed production

FP5.CA1 to CA7.Objective 2: Management and mechanization options to reduce post-harvest losses

Testing of post-harvest equipment with farmers including women to ensure practicality and utility to both genders

61

FP5.CA1 to CA7.Objective 5: Pilot value-chain incubators established

inclusive of the differing needs of men and women as stakeholders

TOTAL GENDER BUDGET FOR THE CRP 1,551

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ANNEX 1. DIFFERENT PHASES OF FLAGSHIP PROJECTS

Phases are identified on the basis of the Flagship and activity. The seven Clusters of Activities (which for DC is the crop- and region-focus) are at similar or varying phases within the identified continuum.

Flagship Project Activity Discovery Proof of Concept

Pilot UpScaling

FP1: Priority Setting & Adoption Analyses Synthesized information from baseline surveys available for decision-making.

Value chains with high growth potential identified for priority setting

Adoption tracking and impact assessment

FP2: Improved Varieties & Hybrids Heterotic pools established/confirmed/enhanced for main target group of hybrids; Breeding populations established & improved for target ecologies

Representative testing locations identified and established for targeted population of environments

Molecular tools developed for increased breeding efficiency

Improved grain yield and biomass production Improved grain and stover quality traits, including grain micronutrient content

Improved tolerance or resistance to biotic stresses Improved tolerance or resistance to abiotic stresses

FP3: Integrated Crop Management Sustainable crop management options developed in target production areas

Targeted development of integrated solutions for priority pest and disease management

Management options for crop-livestock integration determined

Appropriate mechanization options for cultivation developed

FP4: Seed Systems & Input Services Appropriate seed supply models tested and their implementation facilitated.

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Seed policy interventions through policy briefs Functional seed units established or supported Commercial feasibility of hybrid seed production and distribution evaluated and implementation facilitated

FP5: Post-Harvest Value & Output Markets Grain processing characteristics evaluated Management and mechanization options to reduce post-harvest losses

Farmer organizations engaged in bulk sale of grain