Drugs The Actions of Drugs Scientists discovered certain
substances that can help you feel better Why talk about drugs?
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What is an opioid?
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Section I drugs medicines aspirin inflammation side effects
What is the difference between drugs and medicines?
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Drug vs. Medicine Drugs can help prevent, cure, or relieve
disease. People today use thousands of different drugs as
medicines. drugs Substances taken into the body that change one or
more of the bodys functions medicines Drugs used to help cure
disease, lesson disease severity, relieve symptoms, help with
diagnosis, or produce other desired effects
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Medicines benefit people by: preventing disease curing disease
lessening the severity of disease relieving symptoms of disease
bringing about other desired effects (example- a medicine that
lowers blood pressure may also promote hair growth)
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Drugs All drugs (and medicines) have physical side
effects.
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Amazing Aspirin Used as a pain reliever, reduce fever; also
prevents the blood from clotting (NSAID) Cant avoid the side
effects: What are the side effects?
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Amazing Aspirin Used as a pain reliever, reduce fever; also
prevents the blood from clotting (NSAID) Cant avoid the side
effects: double the bleeding time of wounds (thats why you dont
take aspirin before any kind of surgery) worsen ulcers, stomach
bleeding
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Acetaminophen not an NSAID (weak anti-inflammatory, more for
relief of headaches and minor aches and pains)
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Ibuprofen This is an NSAID (more mild than aspirin)
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Naproxen Sodium Also an NSAID
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Ketoprofen Smaller pill size for ease of swallowing (similar to
aspirin)
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"The government doesn't want you to use your drugs, they want
you use their drugs. So every night on TV, you see a weird a-- drug
commercial trying to get you hooked on some legal [stuff]. And they
just keep naming symptoms until they get one that you got. Chris
Rock
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All drugs have side effects What are the side affects for Cold
medicines? Antihistamines?
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All drugs have side effects What are the side affects for Cold
medicines- dizziness, drowsiness, constipation Antihistamines- dry
mouth, nausea, blurred vision, drowsiness
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Factors that change the way a medicine works: The age, weight,
and height of the person taking the drug. The method used to take
the drug The number of drugs taken. A persons history of drug use
(tolerance). tolerance Requiring larger and larger amounts of a
drug to produce the same effect
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Drug Synergy The benefits of drug synergy can be seen when
medicines work together to help cure an illness. (pain killer like
oxycodone and then take a Valium or xanax with it; the xanax or
Valium will add to the "drowsiness" effect often felt with the pain
killler)
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Drug Synergy Some drugs are meant to be taken together to help
cure an illness. Other times, combining drugs can result in
dangerous interactions. (sleeping pills + alcohol) Many accidental
deaths occur due to dangerous drug interactions.
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Antagonist Drugs Antagonist drugs are often useful in the
treatment of accidental overdoses or poisonings.
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Transdermal Drugs that are absorbed through the skin and into
the bloodstream
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Factors that Change Medicines Effects The nature of the drug
The form and route in which it is taken(transdermal) Whether the
drug is taken with or without food Your physical characteristics
(age, weight, and height) Other drugs you take HX of drug use
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REVIEW P. 294
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Section 1 quiz
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Drugs Section II The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ensures
that ingredients in medicines are safe. FDA: -monitors drug
companies -brings new medicines to market -checks for side
effects
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Do all drugs have risks? Drugs that carry low risks to health
are the most helpful in the treatment of disease.
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Do all drugs have risks? No drug is totally safe for all people
at all times, but antibiotics are among the safest drugs.
antibiotics Drugs used to fight bacterial infection.
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How do antibiotics work? Antibiotics often work by preventing
cell division. Bacteria divide faster than body cells, so bacteria
die before the body can be harmed by the drug. Overuse of
antibiotics can lead to an antibiotic-resistant bacteria strain
that can be deadly if no other drug are available to treat it.
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Drugs as Medicine Many surgeries performed today would not be
possible without anesthetics to relieve pain. anesthetics Drugs
that kill pain with or without producing loss of consciousness
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Before the development of modern anesthetics, nearly lethal
doses of alcohol were used to numb pain during surgery. lethal dose
The amount of a drug necessary to cause death
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Drugs as Medicines The safety of any substance depends on how
much of it a person consumes. To determine drug safety, the FDA
determines how close the effective dose is to a lethal dose.
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REVIEW P. 296
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Content Vocabulary over-the-counter (OTC) drugs prescription
drugs chronic generic brand names active ingredients inactive
ingredients relapses Section III OTC Medicines
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What are OTC drugs?
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Section III OTC Medicines What are OTC drugs? Over-the-counter
drugs are available for purchase without a prescription from a
doctor. over-the-counter Drugs legally available without a
prescription
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Survey How Wisely Do You Choose OTC Medicines? Hand out
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You must have written authorization from a doctor to obtain
prescription drugs. prescription drugs Drugs legally available only
with a physicians order
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What are OTC drugs? Some over-the-counter medicines are used to
treat chronic illnesses or conditions chronic A disease or
condition that develops slowly, shows little change, and lasts a
long time.
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One generic drug may have several brand names. generic The
chemical names for drugs brand names The names companies give to
drugs p. 298
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A generic drug contains the same active ingredients as the
brand name drug but the inactive ingredients may vary. active
ingredients Ingredients in a medicine that produce physical effects
on the body inactive ingredients Ingredients in a medicine for
effects other than medical ones p. 298- money and medicines
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The instructions on OTC medications are easily understood and
apply to most people. Some OTC medications are kept behind the
pharmacists counter because they can be used to make powerful,
illegal drugs.
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Many people use too many OTC medications too often. Pain or
discomfort is a signal from your body that something is out of
balance. Try to determine the cause of your pain and find a way to
relieve it without using medication.
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Seeking cures for illnesses/problems Cold medicines Antacids
Diet pills Laxatives SIDE EFFECTsee p. 292
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How can you chose OTC drugs wisely? All OTC drugs carry labels
that provide important information to help you use them correctly
and safely.
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Applying Health Skills Reading a label p. 300
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Reading a Label quiz
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How can you chose OTC drugs wisely? By reading labels of OTC
drugs, you can protect yourself against ingredients that may harm
you. Medicines must list complete ingredients and approved uses on
the label. Before taking any OTC medication, consult with your
doctor and pharmacist.
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Most OTC drugs help relieve symptoms, but do not cure the
illness. Its possible to suffer relapses that can be more severe
than the original illness. If OTC medications do not relieve your
symptoms, visit your health care provider. relapses Illnesses that
return after being treated and almost cured
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OTC Medicine Activity Sometimes people buy medicines that are
not necessary and may be quite costly. Net sales for OTC medicines
are in the many billions of dollars every year. Many people use too
many OTC medicines, too often. Advertisers seeking to sell their
products suggest that people pay attention to feelings in their
bodies, label them as problems and then seek cures through pills.
What are the pros and cons of OTC medicines
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Section 2 & 3 quiz
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Prescription Meds RX Prescription drugs can be easily misused
and cause addiction. Each dose must be adjusted to body type,
weight, age, drug use, or other factors. Prescription drugs may
have complicated directions and require guidance to use them.
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Taking prescription medication safely requires that you follow
the medicines instructions.
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Safe Use of RX drugs If a doctor gives you a prescription
medicine, make sure that you know the following: The name of your
condition The name of the prescribed medicine Whether the doctor
recommends a generic version of the drug, if available How often,
how long, and in what doses you should take the medicine
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Safe Use of RX Drugs If a doctor gives you a prescription
medicine, make sure that you also know the following: Whether to
take the medicine with meals or between them What side effects you
should look for and report What you should do if you forget to take
a dose on timedouble the next one, take it late, or leave it out
entirely
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caffeine A mild stimulant of the central nervous system (brain
and spinal cord) found in common foods, beverages, and medicines
stimulant Any of a wide variety of drugs, including amphetamines,
caffeine, and others, that speed up the central nervous system p.
304
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Section 4 quiz Chapter review and then Chapter 11 test