Drugs and its Effect on

One’s Behavior

9th grade health

Neurons

•Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals which transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across the synapse.

•Major neurotransmitters:▫glutamate, aspartame▫Monoamines: dopamine (DA), epinephrine (adrenaline), serotonin, acetylcholine, adenosine, nitric oxide.

What are drugs?

•Drugs are substances that are used to treat or prevent diseases. They are also used to relieve pains, to help control mental or physical ailments, and even to help diagnose illnesses.

Drug Vocab

•Tolerance▫Body becomes accustomed to drug and causes the user to experience a need for more and more drug to achieve the desired effect or high.

•Psychological Dependence▫A condition that occurs overtime and causes user to believe that drug is needed in order to feel good or function normally.

Classification of Drugs

•Prescription•Marijuana and THC•Inhalants•Steroids•Psychoactive• “Club Drugs”/ “concert Drugs”•Stimulants•Depressants

Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:

COCAINESHORT TERM EFFECTS:• Increased blood pressure• Constricted blood vessels• Dilated pupils• Mental alertness• Increased energy• Increased heart rate• Decreased appetite• Increased temperature

LONG TERM EFFECTS (Physiological):•heart disease •heart attacks •respiratory failure•stroke•seizures•gastrointestinal problems•PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS: convulsions, nausea, blurred vision, chest pain, fever, muscle spasms, and coma.

Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:

COCAINE

LONG TERM EFFECTS (Psychological):•Addiction•Paranoia•Irritability•Restlessness•Auditory hallucinations•Mood disturbances

Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:

COCAINE

Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:

ECSTACY

LONG TERM EFFECTS:•Dehydration•Hypertension•Hyperthermia•Heart failure •Kidney failure

Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:

ECSTACY

SHORT TERM EFFECTS:•Distorted perception (sights, sounds, time, touch)

•Problems with memory and learning•Loss of coordination•Trouble with thinking and problem-solving

•Increased heart rate•reduced blood pressure

Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:

MARIJUANA

LONG TERM EFFECTS:•Hallucinations•Delusions•Impaired memory•Disorientation•Daily cough and phlegm production•More frequent acute chest illnesses•Increased risk of lung infections•Obstructed airways

Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:

MARIJUANA

Marijuana•Delta-9 TetraHydroCannabinol (THC )-extracted from the Cannabis Sativa plant

Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:

HEROIN

Effects of ALCOHOL:In LOW DOSES, alcohol produces:•a relaxing effect•reduces tension•lowers inhibitions•impairs concentration•slows reflexes•impairs reaction time•reduces coordination

Effects of ALCOHOL:In MEDIUM DOSES, alcohol produces:•slur speech•cause drowsiness•alter emotionsIn HIGH DOSES, alcohol produces:•vomiting•breathing difficulties•unconsciousness•coma

Effects of ALCOHOL:

Effects of NICOTINE:•Tobacco contains nicotine. Nicotine is a drug. Therefore, when people smoke or chew tobacco, they are using a drug.

Smoking can be stimulating or relaxing - it depends on a person's mood and dosage of nicotine.

The rapid effects of nicotine include:•Increases in blood pressure and heart rate•Faster respiration•Constriction of arteries•Stimulation of the central nervous system.

Effects of

NICOTINE:Long Term Effects:•increases the chances of cancer and results in addiction and dependence.

It is clear though, that nicotine is one of the most addicting substances known...just ask anyone who has tried to quit smoking.

Common withdrawal symptoms in people who are trying to "kick the habit" of tobacco include:

•Anxiety•Depression•Headaches•Fatigue

Effects of NICOTINE:

HEALTHY LUNGS

UNHEALTHY LUNGS

Effects of CAFFEINE:Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant. In moderate doses, caffeine can:

•increase alertness•reduce fine motor coordination•cause insomnia•cause headaches, nervousness and dizziness

Effects of CAFFEINE:•Some studies show that caffeine causes physical dependence. One way to tell if someone "needs" that cup of coffee or bottle of Coke is to take it away from them and then see if they have any withdrawal symptoms. Typical withdrawal symptoms associated with caffeine are headache, fatigue and muscle pain. These symptoms can occur within 24 hours after the last dose of caffeine. One study has stated that the minimum consumption of caffeine for physical dependence is 4 cups of coffee per day. Other studies say that a few more cups of coffee are needed to develop dependence.

Ingredients of Drugs:

Methamphetamine

Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:

SHABU

Kinds of Drugs and its Effects:

SHABU

Inhalants•Volatile Solvents-paint thinner, dry-cleaning fluids, degreasers, gasoline, glue, correction fluid, and felt-tip marker fluid.

•Aerosol-spray paint, deodorant, hair spray, vegetable oil spray for cooking, and fabric protector spray.

•Gases- ether, chloroform, halothane, and nitrous oxide, commonly called "laughing gas.“

•Nitrites- cyclohexyl nitrite, isoamyl (amyl) nitrite, and isobutyl (butyl) nitrite.

Cocaine•Coca leaf-cocaine hydrochloride

•Cement•Ammonia•Calcium oxide•Sulphuric acid•Petrol

•Other chemicals that are mixed together to process the coca leaves:- Succindialdehyde, sulfuric acid, sodium nitrite, Ba carbonate, lots of ethanol, distilled pyrrole, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, anhydrous sodium carbonate, sodium methoxide, dimethylcarbonate, ammonium chloride, chloroform, potassium carbonate, methyl acetate, NaOH solution, HCl acid, benzoic anhydride.

Heroin•Opium Poppy Papaver somniferum -morphine

•Substances that are cut with Heroin:Acetaminophen (Analgesic)Aminopyrine (Anti-inflammatory)Amitryptaline (Anti-depressant)Antipyrine (Body water measurement)

•Other non-addictive ingredients of Heroin:-lactose, milk sugar, sucrose, cellulose, mannitol and other inert ingredients

MDMA(Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)

Neurons

•Drugs targeting the neurotransmitter of such systems affect the whole system; this fact explains the complexity of action of some drugs.

How we get addicted to drugs:•The master brain chemical of addiction

•Dopamine -transmits all of the pleasure

signals•Drugs modify activity of various brain chemicals that cross pathways in the brain; dopamine could be the end result of all the pathways

•Dopamine overload (esp. feelings of euphoria and bliss)

•Craving behavior response can motivate substance abuse

•When drug addict attempts to stop using the drugs will demand more of the drug to produce metabolites

•Drug addict is caught in a trap•Appears inescapable unless an effective drug addiction treatment handles the condition.

Neurotransmitters•AcetylcholineIt is responsible for much of the stimulation of muscles, including the muscles of the gastro-intestinal system.  It is also found in sensory neurons and in the autonomic nervous system, and has a part in scheduling REM (dream) sleep.

•DopamineDopamine has been found to have relatively little to do with the pleasures of eating. Drugs like cocaine, opium, heroin, and alcohol increase the levels of dopamine, as does nicotine. 

•EndorphinIt is involved in pain reduction and pleasure, and the opioid drugs work by attaching to endorphin's receptor sites.  It is also the neurotransmitter that allows bears and other animals to hibernate.

•SerotoninSerotonin is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that has been found to be intimately involved in emotion and mood.  Too little serotonin has been shown to lead to depression, problems with anger control, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and suicide.  Too little also leads to an increased appetite for carbohydrates (starchy foods) and trouble sleeping, which are also associated with depression and other emotional disorders. Serotonin also plays a role in perception.

Drugs

Drug use:

Effects of drug use:

Smoking

Alcohol

F amily

•Be involved and open with your family!

•Though adolescence stage can be a shaky stage between teens and their parents, it's very important to maintain your communication and connection with them.

•Family involvement can help you handle temptations to use alcohol, cigarettes and drugs that you might encounter.

•How’s your relationship with your family?

F riends•Now, think of your friends.

•Think of the activities that you do together.

•Are these activities beneficial to you or not?

•What kind of friends do you have?

•Teens would most likely try using drugs when they're around other teens who take drugs.•Peer pressure; but with the right kind of friends, it's most likely that you will not encounter such.•Our friends can have the greatest influence in our choices, the way we think and in our activities.•Choose your friends!

P assion

•Be active. Know your passions and do them!•Find alternatives. Some teens use drugs because of boredom and it's something to do.•Think of your talents, skills and abilities.•Are they being used and developed?•What can you do to improve on your abilities?

•Get involved in other activities.-Join co-curricular

organizations.-Varsity teams, extra-

curricular organizations (dance, singing and theater organizations)•Involvement in these organizations will not only keep you busy but will also help you develop your personality, talents and skills.•Find your passion and do it!

G oals

•Set your GOALS!

-Do you have goals in your life?

-(Family, Academics, Others..)

-What are they?-Write them down!

•Goals can serve as motivations to be busy and to stay committed towards their accomplishment!

•Goals will keep you focused in attaining them, minimizing the possibilities of being distracted along the way.

•Set your goals, move and work for them!

A wareness

•The key is awareness!•Research more on the effects of drug addiction on your physical and mental state.•You'll gain knowledge that will help you decide about this matter in the future.•Be aware and keep learning!

S hare

•SHARE WHAT YOU'VE LEARNED!•Talk and discuss the information that you have gained to your classmates and friends!

•Form a group among your peers which will aim to educate people about drugs, drug addiction and its effects.

•Be concerned and responsible. Be an agent of drug usage prevention. Share your knowledge, time and talents!

FF P GAS•F AMILY•F RIENDS•P ASSIONS•G OALS•A WARENESS•S HARE

• http://www.scribd.com/doc/95251/Classification-of-Drugs-and-Their-Effects

• http://www.cocaine-effects.com/• http://alcoholism.about.com/od/coke/a/effects.htm

• http://www.ecstasy-effects.com/• http://www.thegooddrugsguide.com/ecstasy/effects.htm

• http://alcoholism.about.com/od/pot/a/effects.-Lya.htm

• http://www.scribd.com/doc/95251/Classification-of-Drugs-and-Their-Effects

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